1. EMPATHY in…

2. Unit Essential Questions
How does the skill of making inferences help us to better understand others?
What is Empathy?
How do we practice Empathy?
Is it important to help others at the expense of yourself?
What techniques do authors use to illicit emotions in readers?

3. Do Now:
Write about a personal experience you have had in which you were facing a difficulty and felt misunderstood by others
Make sure to explain:
What happened?
The emotion you were feeling
How others responded and why they might have responded this way

4. EMPATHY
What is it?
What you were searching for or desired from your peers in that moment of adversity
Empathy helps us connect with others through a willingness to see things from a different perspective
Throughout this unit you will be asked to enter conversations, or read about individuals with have different views and beliefs from your own, or who are going through difficult situations which you may not be able to entirely understand

5. “What it’s like” Read the lyrics as we listen to the song
This song presents a few instances in which it may be difficult to sympathize with the person who is telling his/her story
What do you think the message is?
Circle any lyrics you think are important or relevant to our discussion on Empathy

6. How did you feel about each situation you heard?
How did other people react to them in the song?
Would you help that individual?
Why or why not?

7. E: engage and learn through experiences of others- What are we being told about this person and what he/she is experiencing? How do we think they feel?
M: manage your own emotions- How could we use positive communication and social skills to interact effectively with this individual? How would you feel in this situation?
P: Place yourself in their shoes- How can I authentically offer advice/comfort?
A: Act when confronted with adversity- How can I interact with this person to empower, encourage and affirm them? What prevention, management and resolution skills do I have to resolve this conflict?
T: Talk and share your views- How can I collaborate with this person in search of a solution?
H: Honor the views of others- How can I show this individual respect and treat them with dignity through my questions? What can I learn and value from this experience?
Y: Yield to the needs of others- Which social cues should I look for to better understand how this person is feeling?

8. How do we determine how others might be feeling?
Use past experiences
Visual imagery and descriptive details
Making inferences about items, environment and expressions in a picture
Are there any other tips you can generate?

10. Emotional Stimulus Activity
Using the seven steps E.M.P.A.T.H.Y chart, consider the following questions…
What emotions does the person seem to be feeling?
What do they seem to be experiencing?
What evidence can you find to support these conclusions?
How would you feel?
What would you say to them?
How would reassure them that you care?
What could be a solution?

14. What do you think is the message in this scene?
'A lady?' Jem raised his head. His face was scarlet. 'After all those things she said about you, a lady?'
'She was. She had her own views about things, a lot different from mine, maybe...Son, I told you that if you hadn't lost your head I'd have made you go read to her. I wanted you to see something about her. I wanted you to see what real courage is, instead of getting the idea that courage is a man with a gun in his hand. It's when you know you're licked before you begin but you begin anyway and you see it through no matter what. You rarely win, but sometimes you do.'" 

15. Harper Lee’s, To Kill a Mockingbird: novel profile
Our narrator, Scout Finch, age 6-9, narrates in the first person
The novel is a reflection of her childhood
Although she is much older when she recounts the story, we must be aware that some experiences might be biased
She lives with her brother Jem (age 10-13) and her father Atticus Finch, who is a lawyer
Setting: Maycomb, Alabama

16. Write your answers on a separate piece of paper:
A neighborhood is very important in this novel. Think about your own neighborhood and answer the following questions:
What are the people like?
Are you close with your neighbors?
Are there any understood and unwritten rules about your neighborhood?
What does it look like, feel like, sound like?

17. Compare your attributes to either positive or negative images.
Imagine you have just met someone new, how would you describe yourself to him or her?
Compare your attributes to either positive or negative images.
For example, my compassion is warm and rejuvenating like sunshine.
These tools can also help us to better understand our own emotions and reassess difficult events/relationships.

18. Thank you, Ma’am How did Ms. Jones find redeeming qualities in Roger?
What was Roger trying to do to Ms. Jones?
How did she empathize with where he was coming from?
What redeeming qualities do others see in ourselves?

19. E in E.M.P.A.T.H.Y: “I am…”
How does having an understanding of our own attributes aid us in helping and understanding others?
What qualities do you like most about yourself?
Write 5 sentences starting with the phrase “I am…”

21. Chapter Two Why does Scout stand up for Walter?
At the end of chapter 2, Scout says, “Had her conduct been more friendly towards me, I would have felt sorry for her”. What happened in the chapter to make her say this?
How does the structure of the chapter help readers to understand why Scout says this?
Why is Scout the person who is chosen to explain things to Miss Caroline?

22. Chapter Two Vocabulary
Meditating (17)
Illicitly (17)
Sentimentality (19)
Vexations (21)
Sojourn (22)

23. Character Relationships in TKAM
TKAM incorporates overlapping relationships that our protagonist Scout Finch shares with her surrounding community, and how these relationships are tested while considering larger themes.
A type of relationship we will be examining is sibling relationships, which we will begin today by reading the short story Necessary Noise, by Emma Donoghue.
Which character do you identify with, May or Martie?

24. Appearance versus Reality in TKAM
Illusion: something that deceives by producing a false or misleading image of reality
Reality: the state of things as they are or appear to be

25. M in EMPATHY: Managing our emotions
What does the author mean by the term “unnecessary noise”?
Do you think it helped Laz to know his sisters were there for him?
Who do you think managed their emotions appropriately in context of the situation, May or Martie?
Who do you think reacted better to the situation?
How are they different? How are they alike?

32. Narration
In Necessary Noise, we are reliant on an omniscient narrator, unlike in TKAM
How would you describe the narration in TKAM?
In both stories, we observed characters respond to difficult situations
How did the narration affect how we understood their plight?

33. Different Perspectives Activity
1. Find a partner
2. Choose a theme listed below
3. INDIVIDUALLY, draw and define that theme
4. After you’ve completed your interpretation, switch with your partner
Note any similarities/differences between your interpretations

34. Chapter Three What is the gist of what you read?
Who takes a stand and why?
Vocabulary– please write a definition in your own words, the context clues you used, and a synonym of the word
Erratic
Tranquility
Contemptuous
Compromise
Concessions

35. “I Can”…
 “So whatever you wish that others would do to you, do also to them, for this is the Law and the Prophets.”
The Golden Rule is a philosophy found in cultures and religions around the world
In what ways can we practice the Golden Rule?

36. “First of all,” he said, “if you can learn a simple trick, you’ll get along a lot better with all kinds of folks. You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view—“ (Atticus, Lee, p. 33)
Who do you think Atticus is speaking to in this scene?
What do you think prompted this discussion?

37. P in E.M.P.A.T.H.Y: Perspective Taking
Why is placing ourselves in another’s shoes important?
We will examine how Scout applies this quote throughout the book and therefore discover how this quote is essential to our understanding of both the text and empathy in our unit.
We will consider how our perspectives can change when acting with empathy through examination of Scout’s character development

38. Golden Rule Skits
You are taking a test and the guy behind you asks you for help. He wants to know what you put for question number two. If he does not pass this test, he will lose his scholarship and probably will not be able to afford college. What could you do?
Another student makes fun of your clothes in the hall at school. How do you respond?
 A girl in your class lies all the time, but one day she needs help with her homework and asks if you can study with her. You don’t want to hang out with her, but she doesn’t seem to have any friends, and she might need help. What should you do? 
 There is a bully at school who you just can’t stand. One day he throws a ball at you. Later, you see him get hurt and picked on by his older brother in the parking lot. What would you do?

39. Chapter 4 What is the gist of what you read?
Reflect on Atticus’ advice to Scout in the third chapter. How is this advice taken or ignored in this chapter?
What does Lee call a “melancholy little drama”?
What do the children actually “know” about the Radleys?
Are the children treating the Radleys with compassion? Explain.

40. Chapter 4 vocabulary Auspicious Opposition Impulse Ethical Dreary
One other word you found that you are not familiar with

41. “Golden Rule” in Karen Armstrongs TED talk
What does Karen Armstrong say is essential to all world’s religions?
What is compassion?
How are compassion and the Golden Rule related?
How does the “ethical culture” of Jem and Scout illustrate the idea of the Golden Rule? Find an example of how they have shown it and how they have not shown it

42. Chapters 6 & 7 What does Jem discover when he goes back for his pants?
What can we infer? How does Jem feel about what happened?
What do Scout and Jem find in the tree?
Describe three things the reader learns about Scout, Jem and Boo in these two chapters
How would you describe a change in Jem in these two chapters?

43. Chapter 8 Imagery: visual images collectively
It adds depth and understanding to the situation so that as a reader, we create a mental image of the fire and it's strength.
'...window-frames were black against a vivid orange centre.‘
The imagery used adds another dimension to the writing, making it more interesting and more easily understood. 

44. Those Winter Sundays
Draw the images in three stanzas with as much detail as you can
Stanza 1: Lines 1-5
Stanza 2: lines 6-9
Stanza 3: Lines 10-12
Lines 13-14
What does this poem tell us about the narrator and his father?
What does the father do in the poem?
How does this show what the father cares about?
What does the narrator do? How does this show what he cares about?

45. Ch. 9 What kind of backlash is Scout facing from her peers? Why?
What do we learn about the political climate of Maycomb?
What does Atticus agree to do? What does this say about his character?
“She and Jem will absorb some ugly things soon”, what does this quote mean?
What promise does Uncle Jack make to Scout?
Why does Uncle Jack show concern over Atticus’ decision?
Atticus says, “Simply because we were licked a hundred years before we started is no reason for us not to try to win”
What does this quote mean?
Explain the significance of this statement

46. Ch. 10 What does “it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird” mean?
Why do Jem and Scout think Atticus is feeble?
What do we learn about Atticus in this chapter?
How does Atticus save the day?
How does Jem react to this discovery?
“People in their right minds never take pride in their talents”, what does this quote mean?

47. Chapter 11
How does this chapter discuss the theme of reality versus perception?
What does Jem do to Ms. Dubose? Why does he snap?
What is his punishment?
How is the Golden Rule illustrated in this chapter?
How does Atticus treat Ms. Dubose? What has Ms. Dubose said about Atticus?
How could Ms. Dubose be seen as a role model?

48. “T” in E.M.P.A.T.H.Y
Objective: How can we use writing strategies to reach an audience we do not fully understand while being faithful to the facts of a situation?
How do we learn how to understand unknown characters in TKAM ?
Free write a letter to an individual you were quick to judge in the past
How do you think this person is currently feeling?
What do you think they might need?
What do you think THEY would ask YOU

49. “Ask Amy” Letters
Pay attention to author’s DICTION as she addresses her audience as you read Ask Amy letter:
Do you think she is effective in communicating her solution?
What evidence does she use to support her claim?
How does she gather information about her reader?

50. “Ask Amy” Style 1. Offers her own interpretation of the situation
2. She hooks her reader
3. Begins with her own claim with “My take”
4. Supports her claim with past experiences

51. Letters to Boo
We will use this style to write to Boo Radley as a concerned advice columnist
First generate questions, as if you were to interview Boo
Lets collect a few on the board

52. Questions for Boo
A. Ask questions: these are a few you may consider in trying to understand the character
1. Is Boo trying to have contact with Jem and Scout?
2. How often does Boo watch the kids?
3. After the knot was cemented, how does he feel?
4. Can we draw from our own experiences to understand why Boo might want to stay inside?

53. Drawing conclusions
What could be a thesis concerning the way Boo might be feeling?
He might be lonely, wants to make contact and is not allowed by relatives
What item would you leave for Boo in the tree knot?

54. Item for Boo
Using the building a claim worksheet provided, brainstorm with your group members the item Boo would need most
Write the item on the post-it, be prepared to present a claim as to why Boo would need it, along with supporting evidence from text

55. Chapter 12 questions
Where do Jem and Scout go with Calpurnia? How could this be potentially dangerous?
Why do you think Aunt Alexandra comes to stay? What does she think of Scout?
Why cant Helen find a job? What is her husband being accused of?
Describe First Purchase. What does it tell us about the condition of this community?
Why does Lee choose to mention the differences between the communities now?

56. Chapter 13 Questions
Why does Aunt Alexandra come to stay? What is her role in the Finch house? What is her role in Maycomb society? How do her beliefs differ from Atticus' beliefs? What is Atticus trying to convey to Jem and Scout towards the end of the chapter? Why does he leave without communicating his point? Have things started to change in Maycomb county? If so, how? Do you think Atticus asked Aunt to come or she requested to? What is she trying to do by hosting a gathering? What is one example of foreshadowing in this chapter?

57. Chapter 14 questions
Why does Alexandra think Atticus should dismiss Calpurnia?
Why is Scout pleased when Jem fights her back? Why is she less pleased when Jem tells Atticus about Dil?
What do we learn about Dil’s family?
How has the dynamic changed in the Finch household already?

58. Chapter 16 Questions
What subtle change does Scout notice in her father?
How does the Reverend help the children see the case?
What kind of person is Dolphus Raymond?
What is Judge Taylor’s job? Does he take the case seriously?

59. Chapter 16 and 17 What is the gist of Chapter 17?
Scout learns that her father was appointed to defend Tom Robinson. Yet she does not understand why the townspeople are upset that Atticus still “aims” to defend Tom, even though its his job. What doesn’t Scout understand?
What is strange about Mr. Heck Tate’s testimony?
As the case progresses, you will be asked to take and defend a side:
Find one clue from Chapter 7 either defending or accusing Tom Robinson

60. Ch. 18 Exit Slip
Scout observes: “Somehow, Atticus had hit her hard in a way that was not clear to me, but it gave him no pleasure to do so”: what does this quote mean?
What did Atticus’ questioning of Mayella do?
What effect does Scout’s description of Atticus’ questions create for the reader?

61. Ch. 19 What fatal mistake does Tom make?
Why did Tom run from the Ewell’s home, how does this make him seem guilty?
Why does Dill start crying?
How would you describe Tom’s character?
What is the sad truth about Toms situation? What does he claim happened?
What does Dolphus Raymond mean when he says: “you aren't thin-hinded, it just makes you sick doesn’t it?”. Does he really prefer one race over another or is there another reason?
How does this chapter support the expression “no good deed goes unpunished”?

62. Fan Theory Requirements:
Must be clearly stated and about a main character in TKAM
Must have three supporting details from text (ethos, logos, and pathos)
Must include four types of sentences (at least once)

63. What is Logos, ethos and pathos?
Logos: Logic, facts, reasons (based in statistics, concrete evidence)
Ethos: Ethics, image, character (building credibility with audience with endorsements or reputation)
Pathos: emotion, passion (appealing to readers emotions)
[Ethos]
[Pathos]
[Logos]
[Kings Speech]

64. What do these have in common?
“My fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country.” - John F. Kennedy
“Blessed are the ...” as in “Blessed are those who mourn, for they will be comforted” and “Blessed are the meek, for they will inherit the Earth.”
"It was the best of times, it was the worst of times. It was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness . . ." A Tale of Two Cities, Dickens

65. Atticus’ closing argument Strategies
Ethos
Logos
Pathos
Parallel structure: the use of same grammatical structures- words, sentences, or clauses- to balance related ideas.
Repetition
Helps the flow of a text
How would parallels help readers?

66. Ethos: Atticus uses words like “honorable” and “great” to describe the court system in which “every man is created equal”
Pathos: Atticus builds sympathy for Mayella Ewell, explaining that through her guilt she is trying to get rid of Tom. This leaves no one guilty
Logos: Explains how Tom could not have committed the crime– “Having taken the oath with the only good hand he possesses”. This incorporates tangible evidence

67. Chapter 20
What is Jem optimistic about? Why? How could this set him up for disappointment?
Who does Atticus say he has pity for in his closing statement? Why?
What does he claim Mayella was trying to do?
Mr. Raymond gives Scout some advice: “You haven’t even seen this town, but all you gotta do is step inside of that courthouse” (p.201), How would this give her better perspective?
Why does Mr. Raymond find it necessary to “play pretend”?
What does Atticus say about the court system? Why does he do this?

68. Tasks 1. Finish reading and answer questions for Chapter 20
2. Reread Atticus’ closing argument with a partner, find two examples of ethos, pathos, and logos
3. In “fan theory” groups, fill out ethos, pathos, and logos chart to strengthen your argument

69. Chapter 21 What is the verdict of the case? How does Atticus react?
Please copy the following into your notebook:
What is the verdict of the case?
How does Atticus react?
How is Atticus revered by Tom’s community? Why?
What does Scout notice about the jury?
How does Jem react to the verdict? How can we tell?

70. Foreshadowing
Foreshadowing: a warning or indication of a future event

71. Chapter 24 Sit down take out book
Stay vigilant for foreshadowing clues
Review assignment due

72. Maycomb Tribune
“Senseless killing of Tom Robinson” An act similar to the slaughter of a songbird by hunters and children. A lawyer had tried to use every resource available to save an innocent man, but never had a case Survived by Helen Robinson

73. Chapter 25
Why do you think Harper Lee chose to make this chapter so short?
How do the towns people interpret Mr. Underwood’s editorial to Tom Robinson?
How does Mr. Underwood view Tom Robinson’s death?
How has Jem changed? What does he tell Scout not to do? Why?
How does Helen react to the news? Describe Tom’s home life. Why does Lee give us a glimpse into his family?

74. Chapter 26
What does not sit right with Scout about Hitler? Why is this a fitting discussion given the recent events?
How have things changed and remained the same for Scout and Jem?
How is Miss Gates a hypocrite?
How does Jem react to Scout mentioning Tom Robison’s case?
Why isnt Atticus concerned about Jem?

75. Crowd favorite game: Was it Hitler or Maycomb resident?
If you tell a big enough lie and tell it frequently enough, it will be believed.
When it comes down the line the veneers always thin, it will always come out in them
We can educate them until blue in the face, would not make a difference
Jesus Christ never went around complaining, they have no right either
I use emotion for the many and reserve reason for the few.
It is not truth that matters, but victory.
He alone, who owns the youth, gains the future.
They would not think these thoughts without the prompting of their parents

76. Integrity What is it? How do we show it?
Who shows integrity in chapter 27?
What are two things readers learn about Atticus’ character in this chapter?
“Before I can live with other folks I’ve got to live with myself. The one thing that doesn’t abide by majority rule is a person’s conscience” What does this mean?

77. “Character is like a tree and reputation is its shadow
“Character is like a tree and reputation is its shadow. The shadow is what we think of it; the tree is the real thing”

78. Chapter 28: THE CLIMAX
As Jem and Scout walk to the pageant at the school, what happens? What literary device is at work here?
Just before the pageant, what upsets Scout about her costume?
What happens to Scout and Jem as they are walking home from the pageant?
What clues does Lee give us about the future events?
Who is the unsung hero? Who is the villain? How is this ironic?

79. Chapter 30
How does this chapter reveal people may not always be who or what they seem?
Is Boo Radley a murderer or a hero?
If you were in Atticus’ position, what would you choose to do?
How does Lee’s description of Boo in the novel compare to Boo’s image in the movie?

80. Exit Slip Focus Question
What does Scout mean when she says, “Atticus was right. One time he said you never really know a man until you stand in his shoes and walk around in them. Just standing on the Radley porch was enough”? Use details to support your answer

81. Fishbowl Activity: Is Boo a hero or a murderer
Three circles: active members, standby and observers
As active members are speaking, no one else is to
Your task is to prove whether Boo is a hero or a murderer while answering the question on the random slip chosen
If you run out of things to say, you may tap in a standby
Whichever side provides a more compelling argument will get a prize

82. ‘Y’ in E.M.P.A.T.H.Y
Yielding to another’s views not matter how different they may seem
Today's Objectives:
Practice reevaluating our own predetermined judgments by checking them with facts and the influence of other’s opinions
Is Boo Radley a murder or hero?

83. Cross the Line activity
To make observations about ourselves as well as the similarities we share with one another
Will considering your feelings about the conclusion of TKAM…
Directions:
A series of yes/no questions will be read
If you agree with a statement, stay where you are standing
If you feel neutral, stand on the line
If you disagree, walk to other side of line

84. Body Biographies
We are going to design body biographies of misunderstood characters in the novel
Left side of body: based off of significant events, choices, scouts initial interactions [illusion]
Right side: how character has changed, any inferences you have made [reality]

85. If only we could change…
Please respond to the above prompt, anything that first comes to mind
Take 5 minutes to silently think about the sentence starter, and write down a short response in your notebook

86. Mood What mood is indicated by the sentence starter?
Emotion words: hopeful, determined, anxious frightened, confused
Today’s objective: examine how the use of language and grammar mechanics can reveal more about a character

87. Voice
Active voice: the subject is doing the action currently or presently. The subject performs the action stated by the verb
Show the subject acting
Ex) Kevin hit the ball
Passive voice: the subject is acted upon by the verb
Show something else acting ON the subject
Ex) At dinner, six shrimp were eaten by Henry

88. Conditional versus Subjunctive mood
Both can be used to express uncertainty or a character’s desire in different circumstances
Conditional Verb:
Could, would, should
Describe that result of something that might happen, creates a mood of uncertainty
Subjunctive:
Expresses a thought with intense doubt, or unlikely to happen
Doubt, wish, regret

89. Essential Questions:
How can verb tense strengthen our writing and help us to better express our hopes, wants and desires?
How can we revise our own writing to make it effective and forceful?

90. “Dr. Jekyll and Sister Hyde”
“If I had a little sister, I would french braid her hair for her”
Does this sound like a positive or negative relationship?
What is the narrator implying?
What would we identify this tense as?

91. Active or Passive?
Ex 1) It is by the light that’s in her eyes, I can tell that I am in for it.
Ex 2) I can tell that I am in for it by the light that’s in her eyes
Which sentence makes it easier to understand the writer?
What feelings are evoked?

92. Independent work:
As I read “Dr. Jekyll and Sister Hyde”, please jot down any inferences or conclusions you make about Sasha and her relationship with her sister
What tenses were used? How did it affect the reading of the story?

93. Read “If I had a little sister” in independent groups
Underline the verb and circle the subject
Identify: conditional, subjunctive, active or passive voice
Fill out chart with inferences made
Reconvene to share answers

94. The Only Room with a Lock
How does Sasha’s voice in this piece compare to the first poem?
Were your assertions about her relationship with her sister correct?
List some facts concerning Lucy
Find an example of conditional and subjunctive

95. Things are not as they seem
MAKE SURE:
You have page numbers for symbols
Have all requirements checked off
Have three quotes on illusion side and reality side
Choose colors to represent character