1. New Technologies Developed During World War One
By: Garrett, Jason, Hughie, Ruben, and Henoke

2. Communications in WWI
The progress and use of new telecommunication technologies throughout world war 1

3. Types of Communications Used
The telephone and wireless telegraphy started to be used in the front lines
The British used these technologies to communicate between the commanders and soldiers, but lines were easily broken and could be intercepted by Germans
These were the most commonly used forms of communications by the British because of their speed, despite the risk of interception
The Royal Navy faced similar problems; for short distance communications, they used semaphore flags, and for long distance they used modern yet easily intercepted technologies
Pigeons and dogs were used by the British and French to communicate with HQ

4. Types of Communications Used
Flags, Lamps, and Heliographs were used as visual signaling, and were based on the Morse code
Flags were used until 1916, and were easy to intercept
Lamp signals could be sent 24/7, required gas, oil or a battery, but attracted the enemy’s attention
Heliographs were flashes of mirrored sunlight, only could be used in the daytime, and could be seen from far away

5. Uses of Communication Technologies
Being that communication using the telephone and telegraph were easily intercepted by the Germans, the British introduced the “Fullerphone”
The Germans used the radio to direct bombing runs and was a necessary utility being that airplanes were now being used
Near the end of the war, pilots of airplanes were equipped with radio telephony for short distance communications, and used ground wireless stations for long-distance communications
Airplane communications were used mostly for artillery spotting and helping to fire arms
Sound ranging (microphones) was also used track down the position of the enemy’s guns, and to engage in counter-battery fire

6. Problems with Communications
Communication was the biggest problem that every army faced, especially on the Western Front (because of the length of the line and # of soldiers fighting along it)
Communications were sometimes intercepted
The outcome of battles relied on how well an army communicated
Radio was expensive

7. Fighter Planes and Zeppelins How the fight in the air affected the war

8. Zeppelins Germany had the first Zeppelins
Used on western front for bombing, they were unsuccessful
First major zeppelin success until bombing of England
A Zeppelin was a rigid airship named after the German Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin who created rigid airship development at the beginning of the 20th century.
Only in 1915 did German aviators made an important contribution to air war
parachutes were not carried

9. Fighter planes Planes of 1914 capable of speeds over 60mph
Ability to look over the horizon was extremely valuable
Began to arm planes with revolvers, shotguns and rifles
Later was added the forward firing machine gun fitted at the rear of the fuselage.

10. Fighter planes (Continued)
Most aircrafts had the machine gun mounted at the rear so any bullets fired directly forward would shoot off the propeller.
In February of1915 the French upgraded their fighter planes with steel deflector plates to the propeller.

11. The Creation of Tanks in World War 1
How Tanks Were Developed And Their Impact On World War One

12. The Use of Tanks
The idea of the first ever tank was a result from the frustration of trench warfare
The British army needed a new way to break through the “impenetrable” German trenches and the strong barb wire that surrounded them
The tanks acted as a heavy front line that pushed forward in order to make way for their troops

13. Main Battles of Tanks
The first battle in which tanks were used was in the battle of Flers- Courcelette in September 1916
The tanks had varying success in this battle. Many broke down but around one-third managed to break through German lines
In the Battle of Somme, 49 tanks were deployed but only 9 made it through no mans land
These beginning battles showed British engineers what they needed to improve upon in their design

14. Development of The Tanks
By 1918, France and Britain produced more than 6,500 tanks
The British tanks were rushed into battle as British Generals were eager to see how their machines worked
The first tanks put into battle broke down very easily and could not go very fast
Germany had produced only a measly 20 tanks as they did not have time to engineer and build their own

15. Fun Facts on The First Tanks To Hit The Battle Field
World War One tanks were extremely slow and cumbersome
The first batch of tanks created could not go any faster than 4 miles per hour
The cabin of the tank was extremely hot, cramped, and unbearable
Tanks were often referred to as male or female. Male tanks having more firepower, female tanks having less
The idea of the tank came from studying farm vehicles with their big caterpillar tracks that allowed them to plough through the mud

16. The Development of Trenches in World War One

17. Trench Warfare
Trench warfare is most closely associated with western front
Trench warfare is a type of land warfare using occupied fighting consisting largely of trench, in which troops are significantly protected from the enemy small arms fire and are substantially sheltered from artillery
Trench warfare occurred when a revolution in firepower was not matched by similar advances in mobility, resulting in a grueling of warfare in which the defender held the advantage

18. How To Build A Trench
There were three standard ways to dig a trench; entrenching, sapping and tunneling
Entrenching, where a man would stand on the surface and dig to downwards, was most efficient as it allowed a large digging party the fill length of he trench simultaneously
Sapping involved  extending the trench by digging away the end face. T he diggers were not exposed, but only one or two workers could work at the same time
Tunneling was like sapping except that a “roof” of soil  was left in place while the trench line was established and then removed when the trench was ready to be occupied

19. The Layout of a Trench Fighting trenches were about 4m deep
Trenches were never straight but were dug in zigzagging or stepped patterns
Dugouts if varying degrees of comfort would be built in the rear of support trench
To allow a solider to see out of a trench without exposing his head a loophole could be built into the parapet
German snipers used amour-piercing bullets that allowed them to penetrate loopholes

20. Results of Trench Warfare
The intensity of world war 1 trench warfare meant about 10% meant about 10% of the fighting soldiers were killed. This compared to 5% killed during the second Boer war and 4.5% killed during world war II. For British and dominion troops serving on the western front, the proportion of troops killed was 12.5% while the total proportion of troops who become casualties (killed or wound was 56%)

21. Machine Guns Of WW1
There was all new kinds of machine guns that were being invented during the great war, let’s look into them. To start, here are some photos.
M1918 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR)
Lewis Machinegun
MG-08

22. Use of Machine guns during the great war
Machine guns were a very big use all through the war. Rather being an HMG (Heavy machine gun) or LMG (light machine gun) they saw absurd amounts of use during the war. In fact, if they had not been yet invented, the war could have been drastically different. Due to them being used so much
Every country in war had machine guns. They saw great use for both infantry and vehicles.
The machine gun was capable over shooting over 500 rounds per minute and could be devastating if you caught yourself in the cross fire of one.
If the enemy had decided to charge over the trenches, it was no challenge to mow down every standing soldier running at you if you had enough ammo.
A great disadvantage of every machine gun was that they would overheat very quickly and had to stop firing every now and then so it did not break down. Fortunately water coolers were invented and if used correctly, they could keep the gun firing for extended amounts of time.
The first machine gun that ever saw use was during the American Civil War. But was first invented in 1884 by an American man named by Hiram Maxim. The Maxim Gun was the first ever machine gun to see combat in history.

23. American Machine Guns
A very common firearm that was seen by the Americans was the M1918 Browning Automatic Rifle.
It was such a successful weapon that it even saw use during Vietnam years!
The B.A.R was chambered in the .30 Caliber. Excellent bullet at the time but has been outdated do to how much the world has advanced in weaponry.
Weighed about 24 pounds. Not too bad compared to other fire arms weighing well over 50 pounds!
Had a rate of fire of about 600 rounds per minute. But only carried a 20 round magazine.
Effective range was up to 1300 meters and less but could reach up to 4000!
No optics or many attachments at all could be fitted on this weapon.

24. German Machine Guns
The MG-08 (Maschinengewehr 08) was the main infantry weapon for the German Empire during the Great War.
Like the BAR, the MG-08 made some appearances during the Vietnam war.
The MG-08 fired the very strange 8.57 mm. A round that is very uncommon, and sees no use today in the modern world.
The MG-08 was a very heavy gun weighing an approximate 150 pounds! It was often mounted on ledges or with a bi-pod since it was so heavy.
The MG-08 had an average firing rate of 500 rounds per minute. Regardless of the firing rate, a machine firing anything over 300 rpm (rounds per minute) is very deadly.
The MG-08’s effective firing range was about 2000 meters, but could shoot up to about 3500.
The MG-08 had an astonishing 200 round magazine if a solider was using it. But if it were up in the skies (mounted on a plane) it could have a 500 round belt fed magazine.

25. British Machine Guns
The Lewis Gun. A mass produced firearm that served the British Empire very well during the war
A very reliable weapon that saw service from WW1 to the early times of The Korean War. (early fifties)
The Lewis gun origins came from an American manufacturer. Unlike the previously mentioned firearms coming from their own country. The Lewis gun was offered to the American Military, but was rejected as they adopted the BAR
Shooting the same round as the BAR, (0.30 Caliber) it showed no other similarities to the BAR (besides the same caliber and fire rate) though being both designed by Americans
The Lewis gun weighed only about 28 pounds despite being so large
The Lewis gun shared a similar fire rate to the two previously mentioned guns. Around 500 rounds per minute
A surprising effective firing range of only 800 meters. Very low compared to other firearms. Though still reaching 3500 meters if needed but not being that effective
Its magazine was very oddly shaped and only had a capacity of 97 rounds
Well being a common infantry weapon the Lewis gun saw extensive amounts of use on aircraft for tail gunners

26. Fun Machine Gun Facts
Most infantry machine guns were also mounted on planes, tanks, cars, boats, and other vehicles if reliable enough
Canada only had one firearm that was manufactured by them selves which was the Ross Rifle. It was a bolt action 5 round rifle that could also be converted to a machine gun, but saw little use
Canadians mainly used weapons manufactured by the British, since it had not been a completely independent from them yet, and had other things to work on besides making weapons
Machine guns first saw combat in ww1 in August 1914, and are still widely used today. They changed the world forever
Mounting machine guns on your trench was a great advantage considering you could spray down the enemies running at you in a matter of seconds, and if they got caught on barbed wire. They could kiss their life goodbye cause it was to be cut in two
Canadian Ross Rifle and the conversion of it to the Huot Automatic Rifle

27. The End