1. 3D Printing
Thomas Stoll

2. Right: C-arm CT Machine
Bottom Left: CT scan processed by Vitrea fx
Bottom Right: STL file in Meshmixer

3. Stratasys EDEN260V:
Can print 10’’x9.9’’x8’’
Accurate to microns
Fused Deposition Modeling

4. Different Types of 3D Printing
Fused Deposition Modeling
Stereolithography
Selective Laser Sintering

5. Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)
Developed in the late 80s and commercialized in 1990 by S Scott Crump
Nearly identical to fused filament fabrication (FFF) (FDM is trademarked by Stratasys)
Plastic filament or metal wire is extruded through a heated nozzle to form the object in layers
One or multiple materials may be used in one project. Usually 2 are used, one as the main material and another as support
There are many different types of materials available

6. Stereolithography (SLA)
Research began in 70s, patented by Chuck W Hull in 1986
A vat photopolymer resin has an elevator base near the surface
UV light is focused on the parts of that layer which must be hardened
The base descends one layer and a fresh coat of resin is applied, then the process is repeated
Support structures are created as needed
After this is finished, the supports are removed and the model is put in a chemical bath to remove excess resin before being put in an ultraviolet oven to be cured

7. Selective Laser Sintering (SLS)
Developed and patented by Carl Deckard and Joe Beaman in 80s
Relatively new, not yet widely used
A high powered laser is used to fuse small particles of a material together (usually metal, but can also be plastic, ceramic, or glass)
The powder is on a bed which lowers one layer thickness after the laser has finished, allowing more powder to be added and the process repeated
The material is typically preheated
No support structure needed

8. 3D Printed Mathematical Art
A klein bottle is a bottle shaped object which has no edges (i.e. it is possible to move inside/outside without crossing an edge). In other words, it is a one sided surface in the shape of a bottle. The top image on the right was created by modeling a klein bottle and cutting a hexagon pattern throughout the model.
Similarly, a Mobius strip is a surface with only one side. The bottom image on the right is a set of 36 Mobius strips tightly interlocked to created a structure called a “Mobius Nautilus”.

9. Left: A 3D printed model which produces a grid pattern on the floor when light is placed inside of it
Right: A 3D printed lion sculpture outside of France’s Grand Olympic Stadium. Nearly 14 feet high, with a base of 8 square feet, and a weight over 3,300 pounds. 500 hours of 3D printing was required and 600 hours of research and development. It was made in 88 pieces and then assembled.

10. References https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fused_deposition_modeling