1. Mobile Communications Chapter 11 : Outlook
Universität Karlsruhe
Institut für Telematik
Mobilkommunikation
SS 1998
Mobile Communications Chapter 11 : Outlook
The future of mobile and wireless networks – Is it 4G? All IP? Licensed? Public? Private?
Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. G. Krüger
E. Dorner / Dr. J. Schiller

2. Mobile and wireless services – Always Best Connected
Universität Karlsruhe
Institut für Telematik
Mobilkommunikation
SS 1998
Mobile and wireless services – Always Best Connected
UMTS, GSM
115 kbit/s
LAN
100 Mbit/s,
WLAN
54 Mbit/s
GSM 53 kbit/s
Bluetooth 500 kbit/s
LAN, WLAN
16 Mbit/s
UMTS
2 Mbit/s
GSM/EDGE 384 kbit/s,
WLAN 1 Mbit/s
UMTS, GSM
384 kbit/s
GSM 115 kbit/s,
WLAN 11 Mbit/s
Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. G. Krüger
E. Dorner / Dr. J. Schiller

3. Wireless systems: overview of the development
cordless phones
wireless LAN
cellular phones
satellites
1980: CT0
1981:
NMT 450
1982:
Inmarsat-A
1983:
AMPS
1984: CT1
1986:
NMT 900
1987: CT1+
1988:
Inmarsat-C
1989:
CT 2
1991:
CDMA
1991:
D-AMPS
1991:
DECT
1992:
GSM
1992:
Inmarsat-B
Inmarsat-M
199x:
proprietary
1993:
PDC
1997:
IEEE
1994: DCS 1800
1998:
Iridium
1999:
802.11b, Bluetooth
2000: GPRS
2000:
IEEE a
analogue
2001:
IMT-2000
digital
200?:
Fourth Generation
(Internet based)
4G – fourth generation: when and how?

4. Overlay Networks - the global goal
integration of heterogeneous fixed and mobile networks with varying transmission characteristics
regional
vertical
handover
metropolitan area
horizontal
handover
campus-based
in-car,
in-house,
personal area

5. Wireless access technologies
Universität Karlsruhe
Institut für Telematik
Mobilkommunikation
SS 1998
Wireless access technologies
DAB
GSM, TETRA
250
FDD
100
physical/
economic border
EDGE
UMTS
relative speed [km/h] 50
TDD 5
DECT
802.11b
802.11a/g/n
Bluetooth
Point-to-multipoint distribution systems
10 kbit/s
2 Mbit/s
20 Mbit/s
150 Mbit/s
bandwidth
Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. G. Krüger
E. Dorner / Dr. J. Schiller

6. Key features of future mobile and wireless networks
Improved radio technology and antennas
smart antennas, beam forming, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)
space division multiplex to increase capacity, benefit from multipath
software defined radios (SDR)
use of different air interfaces, download new modulation/coding/...
requires a lot of processing power (UMTS RF GIPS)
dynamic spectrum allocation
spectrum on demand results in higher overall capacity
Core network convergence
IP-based, quality of service, mobile IP
Ad-hoc technologies
spontaneous communication, power saving, redundancy
Simple and open service platform
intelligence at the edge, not in the network (as with IN)
more service providers, not network operators only

7. Long Term Evolution (LTE)
Initiated in 2004, focus on enhancing the Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) and optimizing 3GPP’s radio access architecture.
Targets: Downlink 100 Mbit/s, uplink 50 Mbit/s
2007: E UTRA progressed from the feasibility study stage to the first issue of approved Technical Specifications
2008: stable for commercial implementation.
Downlink: OFDM, QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM
Uplink: SC-FDMA, BPSK, QPSK, 8PSK and 16QAM
Channel bandwidths between 1.25 and 20 MHz
4 x Increased Spectral Efficiency, 10 x Users Per Cell (MIMO), reduced RTT
FDD and TDD supported, co-existence with earlier 3GPP standards incl. handover
Core network: System Architecture Evolution (SAE), optimizing it for packet mode and in particular for the IP-Multimedia Subsystem (IMS)

8. LTE advanced GSM – UMTS - LTE Worldwide functionality & roaming
LTE advanced as candidate for IMT-advanced
Worldwide functionality & roaming
Compatibility of services
Interworking with other radio access systems
Enhanced peak data rates to support advanced services and applications (100 Mbit/s for high and 1 Gbit/s for low mobility)
3GPP will be contributing to the ITU-R towards the development of IMT-Advanced via its proposal for LTE-Advanced.

9. Example IP-based 4G/Next G/… network
SS7 signalling
server farm,
gateways, proxies
PSTN, CS core
broadcast
gateways
IP-based
core
MSC
firewall, GGSN,
gateway
SGSN
BSC
GSM
router
Internet
access
points
private
WLAN
private
WPAN
RNC
UMTS
public
WLAN

10. Potential problems Quality of service
Today‘s Internet is best-effort
Integrated services did not work out
Differentiated services have to prove scalability and manageability
What about the simplicity of the Internet? DoS attacks on QoS?
Internet protocols are well known…
…also to attackers, hackers, intruders
security by obscurity does not really work, however, closed systems provide some protection
Reliability, maintenance
Open question if Internet technology is really cheaper as soon as high reliability ( %) is required plus all features are integrated
Missing charging models
Charging by technical parameters (volume, time) is not reasonable
Pay-per-application may make much more sense
Killer application? There is no single killer application!
Choice of services and (almost) seamless access to networks determine the success

11. Have fun with mobile communications!
This is the end of the slide set – but there is so much more to say about mobile communications!
Thanks for following so far and enjoy digging into the fascinating wireless and mobile world!
Jochen Schiller, Berlin/Germany, 2009