1. Standard Addressed: Students analyze the different explanations for the Great Depression and how the New Deal fundamentally changed the role of the federal government.
Learning Objectives: Section 1 – A NEW DEAL FIGHTS THE DEPRESSION
1. Summarize the initial steps Roosevelt took to reform banking and finance.
2. Describe New Deal work programs.
3. Identify critics of FDR’s New Deal.

2. A BULLDOG ALWAYS
Commitment
Attitude
CARES
Respect
Encouragement
Safety

3. A New Deal Fights the Depression
Section 1
A New Deal Fights the Depression
After becoming president, Franklin Delano Roosevelt uses government programs to combat the Depression.
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4. AMERICA GETS BACK TO WORK
THE NEW DEAL
AMERICA GETS BACK TO WORK

5. A New Deal Fights the Depression1
SECTION
A New Deal Fights the Depression
Americans Get a New Deal
Electing Franklin Delano Roosevelt
Democrats nominate NY governor Franklin Delano Roosevelt
- reform-minded; projects friendliness, confidence
Democrats overwhelmingly win presidency, Senate, House
Waiting for Roosevelt to Take Over
• With “Brain Trust,” FDR formulates policies to alleviate problems
• New Deal—relief for needy, economic recovery, financial reform
Continued . . .
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6. SECTION 1: A NEW DEAL FIGHTS THE DEPRESSION
The 1932 presidential election showed that Americans were clearly ready for a change
Republicans re-nominated Hoover despite his low approval rating
The Democrats nominated Franklin Delano Roosevelt

8. Electing Franklin Delano Roosevelt
Democrats nominate NY governor Franklin Delano Roosevelt
reform-minded;
projects friendliness,
confidence
Democrats overwhelmingly win presidency, Senate, & House

9. ROOSEVELT WINS OVERWHELMING VICTORY
Waiting for Roosevelt to Take Over
With “Brain Trust,” FDR formulates policies to alleviate problems
Election in November
inauguration in March
New Deal—relief for needy, economic recovery, financial reform
FDR easily won the 1932 election

10. An Important Fireside Chat1
SECTION
continued Americans Get a New Deal
The Hundred Days
FDR launches Hundred Days; passes over 15 major New Deal laws
Emergency Banking Relief Act permits Treasury Dept. to inspect banks
- decides which are insolvent, sound, or need loans
- public confidence in banks revived
An Important Fireside Chat
FDR gives fireside chats—radio talks explaining New Deal measures
First chat discusses need for public support of government, banks
Continued . . .
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11. FDR LAUNCHES NEW DEAL
FDR promised a “new deal” for the American people
He took office with a flurry of activity known as “The Hundred Days”
The 100 Days lasted from March to June 1933

13. CONGRESS GETS BUSY
FDR’s philosophy was to get people help and work through “deficit” spending
During the 100 Days, Congress passed more than 15 major pieces of legislation that significantly expanded government’s role in the nation’s economy and welfare

14. An Important Fireside Chat
FDR gives fireside chats—radio talks explaining New Deal measures
First chat discusses need for public support of government, banks

15. Regulating Banking and Finance1
SECTION
continued Americans Get a New Deal
Regulating Banking and Finance
• Glass-Steagall Act establishes Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
- insures individual bank accounts, regulates banking practices
• Federal Securities Act—companies must give all information on stocks
• Securities and Exchange Commission created to regulate stock market
• FDR gets law allowing production of some alcoholic beverages
• 21st Amendment repeals prohibition by end of 1933
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16. TO DO LIST: #1- HELP BANKS
First order of business was to get the banking system in order
On March 5, one day after taking office, FDR declared a bank holiday
He persuaded Congress to pass the Emergency Banking Relief Act, which authorized the Treasury Department to inspect the nation’s banks

17. Guided Reading: Business Assistance and Reform
Federal Program
What was its immediate purpose?
What was its long-term goal?
Emergency Banking Relief Act
Authorized the Treasury Department to inspect and close banks
To restore public confidence in banks

18. MORE 100 DAYS ACTIVITY Regulating Banking and Finance
Glass-Steagall Act establishes Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
- insures individual bank accounts, regulates banking practices

19. AMERICANS GAIN CONFIDENCE IN BANKS
Next, FDR passed the Glass-Steagall Act which established the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
The FDIC insured account holders up to $5,000 and set strict standards for banks to follow (today = $400,000)

20. Guided Reading: Business Assistance and Reform
Federal Program
What was its immediate purpose?
What was its long-term goal?
Glass-Steagall Banking Act of 1933
Established the FDIC
To restore public confidence in banks

21. MORE 100 DAYS ACTIVITY
Federal Securities Act companies must give all information on stocks
Securities and Exchange Commission created to regulate stock market
FDR gets law allowing production of some alcoholic beverages
21st Amendment repeals prohibition by end of 1933

22. Guided Reading: Business Assistance and Reform
Federal Program
What was its immediate purpose?
What was its long term goal?
Federal Securities Act
Required corporations to provide complete information on all stock offerings
To restore public confidence in the stock market

23. Promoting Fair Practices1
SECTION
continued Helping the American People
Promoting Fair Practices
• NIRA establishes codes of fair practice for industries
- creates National Recovery Administration (NRA)
• NRA sets standards, prices, limits production
Food, Clothing, and Shelter
Home Owners Loan Corporation gives loans to prevent foreclosures
Federal Housing Administration gives loans for mortgages, repairs
Federal Emergency Relief Administration—direct relief to needy
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24. MORE 100 DAYS ACTIVITY Promoting Fair Practices
• NIRA establishes codes of fair practice for industries
- creates National Recovery Administration (NRA)
• NRA sets standards, prices, limits production

25. Guided Reading: Business Assistance and Reform
Federal Program
What was its immediate purpose?
What was its long term goal?
National Industrial Recovery Act
Set prices, established labor practices
To ensure fair business practices and promote industrial growth

26. Helping the American People1
SECTION
Helping the American People
Rural Assistance
• Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) raises food prices, lowers supply
• Tennessee Valley Authority creates jobs renovating, building dams
Providing Work Projects
• Civilian Conservation Corps—public works jobs for young men
• Public Works Administration—money to states to create jobs
• Civil Works Administration builds rural schools, pays teachers
Continued . . .
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27. MORE 100 DAYS ACTIVITY
Agricultural Adjustment Act: (AAA) Raised crop prices by lowering production
Paid farmers not to farm
Paid farmers to burn/destroy crops

28. Guided Reading: Farm Relief / Rural Development
Federal Program
What was its immediate purpose?
What was its long term goal?
AAA
Paid farmers to lower production
To raise crop prices and thus farm income

29. MORE 100 DAYS ACTIVITY
Tennessee Valley Authority: (TVA) Focused on direct relief to hard hit area– created ambitious dam projects

31. TVA

32. Guided Reading: Farm Relief / Rural Development
Federal Program
What was its immediate purpose?
What was its long term goal?
Tennessee Valley
Authority
TVA
Built and repaired dams and other projects in the Tennessee Valley
To create prosperity in the impoverished Tennessee Valley region

33. ALPHABET AGENCIES
CCC – Civilian Conservation Corps put young men to work
Men ages 18 to 25 worked building roads, parks, planting trees (200 million trees in Dust Bowl areas)
By 1942 three million men worked for the CCC

34. Guided Reading: Farm Relief / Rural Development
Federal Program
What was its immediate purpose?
What was its long term goal?
CCC
To give jobs to young men immediate
Build up the nations roads, parks and infrustructure

35. Citizens wait outside a FERA in Calipatria, CA for relief checks
ALPHABET AGENCIES
FERA – Federal Emergency Relief Agency provided $500 million in direct relief to the neediest Americans
Citizens wait outside a FERA in Calipatria, CA for relief checks

36. Guided Reading: Employment Projects
Federal Program
What was its immediate purpose?
What was its long term goal?
FERA
To provide direct relief for the needy
To provide for the basic needs of the people hit hardest by the Depression

37. PWA workers construct a public building in Lawndale, California
ALPHABET AGENCIES
PWA – Public Works Administration was part of the NIRA (National Industrial Recovery Act)
The PWA provided money to states to construct schools and community buildings
PWA workers construct a public building in Lawndale, California

38. Guided Reading: Employment Projects
Federal Program
What was its immediate purpose?
What was its long term goal?
PWA
To provide money to states to create jobs
To reduce unemployment

39. CWA School in Woodville, CA
ALPHABET AGENCIES
CWA – Civil Works Administration built 40,000 schools and provided salaries for 50,000 teachers in rural America
Also built 500,000 miles of roads
CWA School in Woodville, CA

40. Guided Reading: Employment Projects
Federal Program
What was its immediate purpose?
What was its long term goal?
CWA
To provide 4 million immediate jobs
To reduce unemployment

41. The New Deal Comes Under Attack1
SECTION
The New Deal Comes Under Attack
Opposition to the New Deal
• Deficit spending—spending more money than government takes in
- funds New Deal
• Liberals: New Deal does not do enough to help poor, fix economy
• Conservatives: New Deal used to control business, socialize economy
The Supreme Court Reacts
Supreme Court strikes down NIRA, AAA as unconstitutional
FDR proposes “Court-packing bill”; Congress, press protest
Starting in 1937, justices retire; FDR appoints seven new ones
Continued . . .
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42. CRITICS EMERGE
Despite the renewed confidence of many Americans, critics from both political spectrums emerged
Liberals (left) felt FDR’s program was NOT doing enough
Conservatives (right) felt that government intervention was TOO much and interfered with our free market economy

43. SUPREME COURT REACTS
By the mid-1930s, the Supreme Court struck down the NIRA as unconstitutional (citing too much government control over industry)
The Court also struck down the AAA on the grounds that agricultural was a local matter -- not a federal matter
The Supreme Court

44. FDR REGAINS CONTROL OVER SUPREME COURT
From the mid to late 1930s, FDR was able to appoint 7 new judges (Justices) to the Supreme Court, thus assuring that his programs would carry on unabated

45. WINSTON CHURCHILL
“Any man who is under 30, and is not a liberal, has no heart; and any man who is over 30, and is not a conservative, has no brains.”

46. 1
SECTION
continued The New Deal Comes Under Attack
Three Fiery Critics
Some conservative opponents form American Liberty League
Think measures violate respect for personal rights, property
Father Charles Coughlin withdraws initial support of New Deal
- wants guaranteed income, banks nationalized
Dr. Francis Townsend devises pension plan for elderly
Presidential hopeful, Senator Huey Long has popular social program
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47. Critics of FDR and the New Deal
Originally a supporter of the New Deal, Coughlin turned against Roosevelt when he refused to nationalize the banking system and provide for the free coinage of silver.
Coughlin turned openly anti-Semitic, blaming the Great Depression on an international conspiracy of Jewish bankers.
Coughlin formed the National Union for Social Justice and reached a weekly audience of 40 million radio listeners.
Father Charles Coughlin, leader of the antisemitic Christian Front, delivers a radio broadcast. Detroit, United States, March 11, 1935.

48. Critics of FDR and the New Deal
Francis Townsend, a doctor from Long Beach, California. Townsend proposed the Old Age Revolving Pension.
This plan called for every American over the age of sixty to retire to open up jobs for the younger unemployed. The retirees would receive a monthly check for $200, a considerable income during the Depression.
There was one catch. The recipients had to agree to spend the entire sum within a month. Townsend argued that this plan would ignite the economy, as well as provide for a proper pension for those who had worked so hard for so long.

49. Critics of FDR and the New Deal
Considered the greatest political threat. Long became governor of Louisiana in He was elected to the United States Senate in In 1934, he started a movement called "Share Our Wealth." With the motto "Every Man a King," Long proposed a 100% tax on personal fortunes exceeding a million dollars. The elderly would receive pensions. The poorest Americans were promised an estate worth no less than $5000, with a $2500 yearly minimum income guaranteed. Democrats worried that a Long bid for the Presidency might steal votes from FDR in 1936, but an assassin's bullet ended the Kingfish's life in 1935.
Advocating a program to "share the wealth," U.S. Senator from Louisiana Huey "Kingfish" Long in August 1935 announced his intention to run for President against FDR, but an assassin's bullet ended his life less than a month later

50. FDR EASILY WINS 2ND TERM
The Republicans nominated Alfred Landon, Governor of Kansas,
The Democrats (of course) nominated Franklin Delano Roosevelt
Again the Dems’ and FDR won an overwhelming victory in the presidential election and in both houses
FDR wins in 1936

51. Repaired business in Childersburg, Alabama
ALPHABET AGENCIES
FHA – Federal Housing Administration provided home loans, home mortgages and repairs
Home Owners Loan Corporation
Repaired business in Childersburg, Alabama

52. Guided Reading: HOUSING
Federal Program
What was its immediate purpose?
What was its long term goal?
HOLC
To provide government loans to homeowners who faced foreclosures
To help families keep their homes

54. Chapter 15: Section 1 MAIN IDEA QUESTIONS
A – What plans did Roosevelt make in the four months waited to take office?
FDR began to formulate a set of policies to alleviate the problems of the Depression

55. Chapter 15: Section 1 MAIN IDEA QUESTIONS
B – How successful were FDR’s fireside chats?
It was very successful. Many Americans returned their savings to banks, showing increased confidence in the banking system.

56. Chapter 15: Section 1 MAIN IDEA QUESTIONS
C – How did New Deal programs affect various regions of the United States?
The TVA developed an impoverished area by providing flood control and power and by building dams. Members of the CCC planted trees to help prevent another dust bowl.

57. Chapter 15: Section 1 MAIN IDEA QUESTIONS
D – How did the New Deal support labor organizations?
It guaranteed workers’ right to unionize and to bargain collectively.

58. Chapter 15: Section 1 MAIN IDEA QUESTIONS
E – How did liberal and conservative critics differ in their opposition to the New Deal?
Liberals- New Deal did not go far enough in helping the poor and reforming the nation’s economic system
Conservatives- New Deal spent too much money on direct relief and was trying to control business and socialize the economy.