1. DRUGS AND SUBSTANCE ABUSE
Grade 9 Phys. Ed

2. What is a Drug?
Any substance, other than food, which is taken to change the way the body and/or mind function.

3. Dependence Tolerance Addiction
Emotional or physical need for a drug for the mind/body to function.
Tolerance
Over time with regular use a user needs more and more to get the same effect.
Chasing the high.
Addiction
A body or brain dependence on a drug (substance) or activity (exercise or gambling) as a habit. A person relies on the substance or activity to function from day to day despite knowing that it might be harmful to self and others.

4. Glaser’s Basic Needs To Survive To Belong Power of Recognition Freedom
Fun

5. Brainstorming…
What are some types of drugs?

6. Major Types of Drugs:
Hallucinogens (LSD, Ecstasy, Inhalants) - drugs that effect perception, emotional and mental processing.
Depressants (Alcohol, Heroin) – drugs that cause slowing down or depression of the central nervous system.
Stimulants (Caffeine, Tobacco, Cocaine, Meth) – drug that excites or speeds up the nervous system
Cannabis (Marijuana) – prep of the cannabis plant
Antidepressants – (Prozac) drug used to treat clinical depression by elevating your mood.
Anabolic Steroids – performance enhancing drugs that act like the male sex hormone testosterone.

7. Alcohol Blood Alcohol Content (BAC)
Ethyl alcohol is naturally produced through fermentation of fruits, vegetables, and grains.
Depressant
Slows down the central nervous system
Blood Alcohol Content (BAC)
Level of alcohol found in the blood
Grams of alcohol per 100 ml of blood
If underage (<18 years old) can be charged with drinking and driving with any alcohol in system. Must be 0%.
If 18 + years of age, can be charged with drinking and driving if BAC is .05% or higher.

8. ALCOHOL FACTS
One bottle of beer, a glass of wine and a shot of hard alcohol all have the same amount of alcohol.
A person under the age of 18 can be charged with a drinking and driving offence if their BAC is 0.0%
BAC (blood alcohol content) is a measure of alcohol intoxication.
Everyone’s body does not react the same way to the same amount of alcohol. Age, experience, food, mood other drugs etc. can affect the way alcohol affects a person.

9. Fast Facts on Alcohol…………
Short term effects of Alcohol consumption – Quickly effects a person’s motor skills. Slows reaction time and impairs vision. Impairs judgment, decision making.
Prolonged use of alcohol affects the body by
decreasing blood flow and shutting down brain activity
death
hardening of the liver
shriveling the brain
Cirrhosis is the scarring of the liver that impairs its functioning.
Three factors that can influence a teen’s choice to drink or not:
Peer Pressure
Family
Media Messages

10. Binge Drinking - drinking five or more alcoholic drinks at one sitting.
Alcohol Poisoning - Severe and potentially fatal physical reaction to an alcohol overdose.
It is a depressant that shuts down involuntary actions such as breathing and the gag reflex that prevents choking.
Common for person who has consumed too much alcohol to vomit.
If this is shut down than a person can choke on their own vomit.
Five symptoms that indicate the effects of Alcohol Poisoning
Mental confusion, stupor, coma, vomiting, seizures
Slow respiration
Irregular heartbeat
Hypothermia of low body temperature
Severe dehydration from vomiting.

11. Blood Alcohol Effects 0.08 Dulls motor skills, very talkative
0.1 Dulls intelligence, sensory perception, false confidence.
0.3 Slurred speech, double vision, staggering, mood shifts.
0.5 Unconscious, severly reduces blood pressure, heart rate, breathing.
Over 0.5 CAUSES DEATH

12. Why females become intoxicated faster and stay that way longer
Negative consequences of Alcohol use Underage drinking (18 yrs. of age in Manitoba) Alcohol, Violence and Sexual Activity Alcohol Abuse
Why females become intoxicated faster and stay that way longer
A higher percentage of body fat
Enzyme that controls alcohol processing is 70% more effective in males than females
Less water in their bodies than males.
Results in alcohol in females as less diluted and therefore stronger

13. Notes on Alcohol……..
Substance: Alcohol
Drug Type: Depressant

14. Short Term Effects of Alcohol
Drowsiness
Lowered inhibitions
Impaired judgment
Loss of coordination
Slurred speech
Lowered blood pressure
Aggressive behavior
Blackouts

15. Long Term Effects of Alcohol
Skin problems
Vitamin deficiencies
Stomach ulcers
Sexual problems
Memory loss
Liver damage
Heart and circulatory problems

16. DECIDE Model
One way to make an informed decision is to use the decide model:
Define the topic or problem/issue.
Explore the alternatives. (What are your choices?)
Check alternatives. (List pros and cons for alternatives)
Identify possible solutions. (Pick the best choice)
Decide and take action. (Make the best choice)
Evaluate decision and revise.

17. DECIDE Model Activity
You have gone to a house party with some friends. While at the party you are presented with a beverage that looks like Pepsi. You are encouraged to drink it because it will make you more relaxed.
Use the DECIDE model to analyze this situation and make an informed decision.

18. DECIDE
You are at a party out of town. You arrived at the party with some friends and your best friend was the one who drove. Many of the kids drank alcohol, including your best friend. When it is time to go home, you think your friend has had too much to drink and should not drive home.

19. DECIDE
You are at school and you see someone taking anabolic steroids in the change room before a weight training class in PE. The person taking the steroids offers you some and threatens you if you were to tell anyone.

20. Mark is in grade 11. Almost every weekend Mark and three of his friends get together to play cards. The bets are relatively small. For this particular night, one of Marks friends invited another student, Joel to play with the group. Joel is a new student at school this year. Just as they are beginning to play, Joel throw a $20 into the pot and says, “Hey let’s make this more interesting!” Mark really can’t afford to lose that amount of money but doesn’t want to look cheap or seem scared to play.

21. Using one of the scenarios above, choose one example and use what you discussed as a group and answer the DECIDE in your booklet.

22. You have gone to a house party with some friends
You have gone to a house party with some friends. While at the party you are presented with a beverage that looks like Pepsi. You are encouraged to drink it because it will make you more relaxed.
You are at a party out of town. You arrived at the party with some friends and your best friend was the one who drove. Many of the kids drank alcohol, including your best friend. When it is time to go home, you think your friend has had too much to drink and should not drive home.
You are at school and you see someone taking anabolic steroids in the change room before a weight training class in PE. The person taking the steroids offers you some and threatens you if you were to tell anyone.
Mark is in grade 11. Almost every weekend Mark and three of his friends get together to play cards. The bets are relatively small. For this particular night, one of Marks friends invited another student, Joel to play with the group. Joel is a new student at school this year. Just as they are beginning to play, Joel throw a $20 into the pot and says, “Hey let’s make this more interesting!” Mark really can’t afford to lose that amount of money but doesn’t want to look cheap or seem scared to play.

23. Smoking……….Why start? Reasons that teens start: Peer Pressure Media
Family
Image
Other reasons???

24. Harmful Substances in Tobacco
1. Nicotine
Addictive substance found in tobacco
2. Carbon Monoxide
Poisonous gas found in car exhaust
3. Tar
Used for roads
4. Cyanide
Type of Acid
5. Mercury
Found in Thermometers
6. Acetone
Paint Stripper

25. Smoking Out the Truth- Video
Teens and Tobacco

26. Substance: Tobacco
Drug Type: Stimulant

27. Short Term Effects Smelly hair & clothes Bad Breath Stains on teeth
Damage to Respiratory System
Chronic cough
Bronchitis/Asthma
Risk of other drug use

28. Long Term Effects Cancer Larynx, Mouth, Throat, Stomach, Lung
Heart Disease
holds the top slot in the list of diseases that kill smokers

29. Fast Facts on Smoking and Second Hand Smoke
Tobacco will cause more than 47,000 people to die this year. Smoking remains the number one preventable cause of death in Canada
Second-hand smoke can kill. Two-thirds of the smoke from a cigarette enters the surrounding air. At least 1,100 non-smokers exposed to second- hand smoke will die this year.

30. SMOKING 1/6 smokers dies from heart or lung disease or cancer.
Nicotine is as addictive as heroin
Children of parents who smoke have more bronchitis and pneumonia, asthma and allergies.

31. Fast Facts Smoking can harm unborn babies.
Exposure to second-hand smoke can harm babies after they are born. Over 100 babies die every year from SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome). Second-hand smoke is linked to that.

32. Fast Facts
Second-hand smoke is a cause of asthma attacks, ear infections, bronchitis and coughs in children
It is illegal to supply tobacco products to any person under 18.
Pipe smoke is just as bad….cigar smoke even worse.

33. Fast Facts
Second-hand smoke contains over chemicals with 50 causing cancer.
Second-hand smoke contains nitrogen dioxide in concentration 50 times, and hydrogen cyanide at 160 times, the hazardous levels.

34. Fast Facts
Lung cancer risk for bar and restaurant workers has been estimated to be 50% higher than that of the general population.
According to Health Canada Youth Smoking Survey 2002, 25% of youth, in grades 5-9, reported ever trying any tobacco product compared to 42% in % of grade 9 students state that the behavior of their friends is the most important reason as to why they started smoking.

35. So Why Smoke? What do teens get out of it ??? Is it worth the risk ???
Are they aware of how hard it is to quit ???

36. Tobacco Quiz
Complete the quiz……find out what you know……or don’t know.

37. Marijuana
Also known as “pot”, “weed”, “grass”, “dope” Product is typically smoked. Chemical in this drug that produces the high is called THC (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol).

38. Marijuana Facts Marijuana affects each of these body systems
the respiratory system
the cardiovascular system
the immune system
the reproductive system

39. Marijuana Marijuana is ten times as strong/potent than it used to be
Marijuana has long-term effects on many organs and body systems.
the heart
the lungs
the reproductive system
with drawl effects last for THC/marijuana for 1 year

40. Marijuana Marijuana impairs driving
THC (the chemical that gets the high) travels to every cell in the body soon after you use marijuana.
with drawl effects last for THC/marijuana for 1 year
One marijuana cigarette contains as much tar as 14 tobacco cigarettes
Marijuana and alcohol are considered a gateway drugs because it is a psychoactive substance that leads the users to other drugs.
Cannabis plant contains over 420 chemicals. It remains in the blood for a month after use.

41. Short Term Effects Red eyes Drowsiness Giggles, laughter
Strong desire for food
Increased heart rate & blood pressure
Poor coordination
Concentration & memory loss
Acts like a hallucinogen
Delusions & paranoia

42. Long Term Effects Short Term Memory loss Impaired learning
Respiratory problems
Increased risk of cancer
Immune system problems

43. Other info
THC is the substance that produces the “high”. This chemical is stored in fat cells and can last up to 30 days.

44. Marijuana Quiz

45. Question 1
Marijuana is a harmless plant because it is naturally produced?

46. Answer
False. Marijuana is not a harmless plant. Smoking marijuana can lead to changes in your brain similar to cocaine, alcohol and heroin. It has the same cancer causing agents as tobacco. It can also get you into trouble with school and the law. It can ruin your future.

47. Question 2
Unlike other illegal drugs, marijuana isn’t addictive.

48. Answer
False.
Research has proven it is very addictive. The addictive chemical is known as THC.

49. Question 3
People who smoke marijuana are more careful drivers.

50. Answer
False. Marijuana affects the skills needed to be careful drivers such as alertness, ability to concentrate, coordination and reaction time.

51. Question 4 Compared to cigarette smoke, marijuana smoke
A. Is not nearly as bad for your health
B. Is just as bad for you, maybe worse
C. Is much worse for you
D. None of the above

52. Answer
B. Contains the same cancer-causing agents as tobacco. Smoking 4 joints a week is equivalent to smoking a pack of cigarettes a day. The amount of tar inhaled by marijuana smokers is 3-4 times greater than cigarette smokers.

53. Using marijuana regularly
Question 5
Using marijuana regularly
A. Can impair judgement and make an individual more likely to get into trouble
B. Usually makes a person mellow and relaxed and less likely to get into trouble
C. Makes a person hallucinate and become dangerously violent.

54. Answer
A. Smokers experience panic attacks, paranoia, depression and anxiety which leads to trouble down the road. It affects your memory and most have difficulty doing well in school.

55. Question 6 How long does marijuana stay in the body A. Up to 3 days
B. Up to 10 days
C. Up to a few weeks
D. Up to several months

56. Answer
C. It can stay in the body for a few weeks and can be detected by a standard drug test long after its initial use.

57. Question:
Have you been to party’s that involved alcohol, marijuana or other drugs?
How did you handle it. Have you tried it. Explain why you choose to use or not use these substances.

58. Potentially Dangerous Situations
Getting hurt in a car accident
Having too many alcoholic drinks at a party
Getting “stoned”
Getting into a heated argument with someone who has been drinking
Getting a ride home with someone you don’t know or trust
Walking home late at night on a poorly lit street

59. Getting into an argument with a gang member
Bullying
Being pressured by someone to steal
Neglecting to tell someone where you are going
Being out late alone at night
Taking a drink that you have not seen someone make
Providing personal information online

60. What are some strategies to prevent harm?

61. Develop a Refusal Plan
Fogging statements- vague, use humour e.g. maybe.. I’m not sure, or a joke
Delaying statements- e.g. Maybe later. I need to do something right now.
Anticipate the risk- think about potential problems before they occur and how you will respond
Say no assertively
Ask for help
Use one liners- e.g. if you were my friend you wouldn’t ask me to do this.
Leave
Blame your parents- e.g. parents would ground me forever

62. NON USE IRREGULAR REGULAR HARMFUL DEPENDANT
LEVELS OF INVOLVEMENT
NON USE IRREGULAR REGULAR HARMFUL DEPENDANT
MOST TEENS

63. Why some go beyond… Cope w/ problems Self medicating
Difficulty “self-soothing”
Gain admission to a different peer group, i.e. “cool kids”
“Joining the club” of parents who use alcohol & drugs
Developmental issues
Physical & psychological dependency
Meeting other needs

64. SUBSTANCE USE AMONG MANITOBA STUDENTS BY GRADE Past Year Use 2004
Alcohol
22.5
36.3
59.9
72.1
78.0
83.7
Cannabis
4.0
9.0
22.2
31.2
37.9
41.0
Mushrooms
1.7
2.4
6.1
9.9
17.4
Cocaine
1.4
1.3
3.3
3.9
8.4
Crack
3.5
3.2
Ecstasy .8 .7
1.5
2.8
3.4
Crystal Meth .9
2.9
3.0
Inhalants
1.6
1.1
3.8
2.3

65. PROBLEM USE INDICATORS
Drop in school grades & attendance
Loss of interest in past activities
Change in friends
Negative peer group
Relationship problems
Legal problems
Problems with money
Problems at home
Change in physical appearance
Personality changes
Mood changes
Depression/Anxiety
Only thinking about alcohol / other drugs
-Not uncommon for adolescents to have some of these, but look for “clusters” of indicators occurring at once.
-Can also be indicator of another issue.

66. Help Where can you go to get help? Parents
AFM (Addiction Foundation of Manitoba)
in our school
Comes twice a week.
Guidance counsellor
Teacher
Doctor

67. Compass Residential treatment Center Prevention/Education services
200 Osborne Street North
Awareness Group
Breaking Away Group
Choices Group
Balance Your Life Group
Strengthening Families Initiative
School Based Services
All high schools in the division have access to an AFM counsellor
Shannon Cheater or Lisa Cameron
Compass Residential treatment Center
Prevention/Education services
AFM Library 1031 Portage
What steps must one take to overcome an addiction?
What do you do at an AA meeting
How long does a person have to stay in rehab to get over an addiction?
How do you get unaddicted?
How do you fix an addiction?
What is the first thing to do when you are addicted to drugs?
I have a family member addicted to gambling. Their aware of their problem and attend meetings to get help. They suggest that our family attend these meetings, it seems no one has an issue except me. I don’t feel comfortable going, what other ways can I help my family member without having to attend the meeting?
How do programs help addictions, all we ever hear is that people are sent away to spas or camps or whatever but never hear how?
How do you un-addict yourself?
What is the hardest part of your job?
What kind of help is there for people with addictions?
Who can you turn to if you have an addiction?

68. Drug and Alcohol Review

69. ALCOHOL FACTS
One bottle of beer, a glass of wine and a shot of hard alcohol all have the same amount of alcohol.
A person under the age of 18 can be charged with a drinking and driving offence if their BAC is 0.0%
BAC (blood alcohol content) is a measure of alcohol intoxication.
Everyone’s body does not react the same way to the same amount of alcohol. Age, experience, food, mood other drugs etc. can affect the way alcohol affects a person.

70. ALCOHOL FACTS
Designated Driver is a person who agrees not to drink at a social event in order to drive others safely afterwards.
It takes the body 1- 1 ½ hours to burn off a single ounce of alcohol.
A person can not sober up quickly by drinking coffee. Time is the only way you can sober up.
Everyone’s body does not react the same way to the same amount of alcohol. Age, experience, food, mood other drugs etc. can affect the way alcohol affects a person.
The term “blackout” refers to a person who has lost their memory due to drugs or alcohol during use.

71. ALCOHOL FACTS
Vision, coordination, and reaction time are all affected by alcohol even after one drink
A person who a large amount of alcohol quickly MAY NOT pass out before
drinking a fatal amount.
Most traffic accidents are alcohol or drug related

72. ALCOHOL FACTS
If a mother drinks alcohol while pregnant the baby can have FAS(E) Fetal Alcohol Syndrome or effect
mental development
delayed growth
abnormal facial features

73. ALCOHOL FACTS Prolonged use of alcohol affects the body by
decreasing blood flow and shutting down brain activity
death
hardening of the liver
shriveling the brain
Cirrhosis is the scarring of the liver that impairs its functioning.

74. ALCOHOL FACTS
Alcohol is the number one drug problem among teenagers.

75. Marijuana Facts Marijuana affects each of these body systems
the respiratory system
the cardiovascular system
the immune system
the reproductive system

76. Marijuana Marijuana is ten times as strong/potent than it used to be
Marijuana has long-term effects on many organs and body systems.
the heart
the lungs
the reproductive system
with drawl effects last for THC/marijuana for 1 year

77. Marijuana Marijuana impairs driving
THC (the chemical that gets the high) travels to every cell in the body soon after you use marijuana.
with drawl effects last for THC/marijuana for 1 year
One marijuana cigarette contains as much tar as 14 tobacco cigarettes
Marijuana and alcohol are considered a gateway drugs because it is a psychoactive substance that leads the users to other drugs.
Cannabis plant contains over 420 chemicals. It remains in the blood for a month after use.

78. Smoking Smoking affects the body by
decreasing circulation
increasing wrinkles
decreasing taste of food
Leukoplakia is the calcification/tumors in the mouth. Leukoplakia is caused by chewing tobacco.
Nicotine is an addictive drug. It is as addictive as heroin.
Smoking decreases the oxygen supply to the skin.

79. SMOKING 1/6 smokers dies from heart or lung disease or cancer.
Nicotine is as addictive as heroin
Children of parents who smoke have more bronchitis and pneumonia, asthma and allergies.

80. Drug Classifications…
DEPRESSANTS
STIMULANTS
HALLUCINOGENS
CANNABIS
Commonly used drugs?
Street names?
Are all the drugs the same? Do they give the same effects? What effects do they give?
What are the major side effects of drugs?
What are the effects of females using drugs?
Do they make you die faster?
How can you tell if a person does drugs?

81. DEPRESSANT DRUGS…. ALCOHOL CODEINE T3s OXYCONTIN HEROIN MORPHINE
Slow things down…
Heart rate drops
Blood pressure drops
Body temperature drops
ALCOHOL
CODEINE
T3s
OXYCONTIN
HEROIN
MORPHINE
How does alcohol ruin brain cells?
I’ve heard alcohol is a depressant. How does that work?
If you take too much ibuprofen is it dangerous?
Is heroin as amazing as my mom says?
Why does beer taste like tree?
Why does drinking feel so good?

82. STIMULANT DRUGS…. COCAINE CRACK CRYSTAL METH SPEED ECSTASY RITALIN
CAFFEINE
NICOTINE
Speed things up…
Heart rate goes up
Blood pressure rises
Body temperature rises
Difference between crack and cocaine (besides price).
Steroids-do they harm you later in life?
Cocaine-lasting effects? Affect you in the future?
Effects of cocaine.
Why is ecstasy so amazing?
What effects does crack have on unborn baby?
Side effects of crystal meth

83. HALLUCINOGENIC DRUGS….
Speed some stuff up
Slow some stuff down
Cause people to see or hear things that aren’t really there
ACID
MAGIC MUSHROOMS
PEYOTE
SALVIA
ECSTASY
What’s wrong with hallucinogens? they inspire me.
What is acid?
Is Salvia really bad for you?

84. Questions?
Jeopardy!!