1. 1 Fish – 2 Fish – Red Fish - Build-a-Fish
Drill:
What structures make fish so awesome?!
Agnatha…
Chondrichthyes…
Osteichthyes…
Outcome:
Review fish classes and take a quiz on fishes.
Complete Part 1 of your Build-A-Fish Project

2. Build-A-Fish Part 1!!
STEP I: BRAINSTORM Focus on diversity, sizes, shapes and colors. REMEMBER FORM and FUNCTION. WHY do all the species of fish look so different?
INVESTIGATION Research anatomical features, form and function etc. to review and learn what features make a fish adapted to a particular habitat, diet and lifestyle.
DESIGN Create a rough draft of your new fish. Use your imagination AND your knowledge of fish anatomy, form and function.

3. Build-A-Fish Part 2
BUILDING Building your fish… which can be done at home, but if needed to be in the classroom you should have started already!!!
WRITING You must neatly write or type, in complete sentences, a 1 page write up/summary of your fish. In ALL of the following information:
* Name your fish. The name should have relevance to the fishes anatomical features or habitat
* Describe your fishes habitat
Depth/ocean zone / Amount of sunlight (photic/aphotic/twilight)
Coral reef/sandy bottom/open Ocean (be sure this matches it’s features)
* Describe the fishes colors and patterns and how that is an advantage or adaptation
* Describe the fishes shape and size and location of it’s mouth. It’s diet and it’s feeding strategy
* Describe the body shape and size. It’s fins. Describe how these structures relate to the swimming style and speed, feeding strategy, lifestyle/niche.
* Describe any additional special features or adaptations that you have given your fish. Be specific and relate the features to adaptations.

4. May 1st, 2017: Marine Mammals Sea otters Manatees Seals Whales
Outcome: To understand the difference between marine fish and marine mammals by exploring the sea otters, pinnipeds, sirenians, and cetaceans.
Drill: Create a list of some marine mammals.
Sea otters Manatees
Seals Whales
Walruses Dolphins
Dugongs Porpoises

5. Fish versus Marine Mammals
What are some of the differences between fish and aquatic mammals?

6. Sea Otters Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Mammalia
Order Carnivora

7. Sea Otters Found along California coast
Lack blubber – thick fur with air layer
Lay upon backs and float while eating- use tools
Fin like hind legs
Constantly eat to stay warm
Key stone species!!!
Protected by the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA)

8. Pinnipeds: Seals, Sea Lions, & Walruses
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Chordata
Class Mammalia
Order Carnivora
Suborder Pinnipedia

9. Pinnepeds There are three families of pinnepeds:
Family Phocidae – earless or true seals (phocids)
This includes crabeater, leopard, and elephant seals
Family Otariidae – the eared seals
This includes furred seals and sea lions
Family Odobenidae – walruses

10. Earless Seals or Phocids
Have no external ear flaps.
Swim with their hind flippers. Their hind flippers always face backward and are furred.
Can be found in both marine and freshwater environments.
Leopard Seal
Leopard Seals in specific are the only Phocids to eat homeothermic prey

11. Eared Seals – Fur Seals, Sea Lions
Have external ear flaps.
Swim with their front flippers. Unlike earless seals, their hind flippers can turn forward, and they are better able to “walk” on their flippers.
Found only in marine environments.
Sea lions are renowned for their intelligence, their friendly/social behaviors, and their playfulness.

12. Walruses
Morphologically, the walrus is more similar to the phocidae, true seals, except they have tusks (males).
Behaviorally, they more closely resemble the Otariidae, eared seals.
Walruses are very sociable animals and love interacting with others.

13. Walruses
Dominant bulls run harems of females and will fight to keep their standing
Once hunted for their ivory tusks, but now are protected.
Only natives may kill them for food

14. Sirens – Dugongs and Manatees
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Sirenia
Family: Dugongidae
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Sirenia
Family: Trichechidae

15. Sirens - Dugongs Dugongidae – Dugongs Live in coastal marine waters
Feed on sea grasses
Now protected from hunters, but not from natives

16. Sirens - Manatee Trichechidae – Manatees
Live in both the sea and inland rivers and lakes
Feed on sea grasses
Biggest threat… boats!

17. Dugong vs Manatee Dugong: Manatee: Larger head Smaller head
Mouth on bottom
Smaller flippers
Notched tail
Manatee:
Smaller head
Mouth frontward
Larger flippers
Rounded tail

18. Marine Mammal Worksheet Part 1
You will work on the back of the worksheet from last class.
You can use your notes or your book to answer questions 7-11 and 13-15
When done turn in the worksheet in the turn in bin
Next class we will talk about whales and prepare for your dissection
Dissection will be on Nov 5th (this is a Monday… dress appropriately)!

19. May 3rd and 4th Marine Mammals: Cetaceans
Drill:
What are some unique features that whales have?

21. Cetacea – Whales & their relatives
The classification of whales are:
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Chordata
Class Mammalia
Order Cetacea

22. Cetacean Evolution (p285)
Nose holes on front of face migrate to create blowhole
Four limbs in developmental stage (image)
Skeletal structure connects them to land animals
Inner ear blocked with wax
Countercurrent blood flow in
flippers
Blubber layer to retain heat
Few hairs on head

23. Cetacea: Whales There are two broad categories of whales: Baleen Whale
Suborder Mysticeti
Toothed Whale
Suborder Odontoceti

24. Mysticeti: Baleen Whales
Baleen Whales practice filter feeding and the tools for filter feeding are their baleen plates
Consume fish, krill, and plankton
Ventral groove/pleats allow them to expand their throat
Larger but eat smaller prey

25. Odontoceti: Toothed Whales
Almost 90% of cetaceans are toothed whales
Smaller than baleen whales but eat larger prey
Sperm Whales, Beluga Whales, Narwhal, Orcas, Dolphins and Porpoises
Sperm Whale: Teeth only on bottom, fit into upper grooves
Orca/Dolphin/Porpoise: teeth, fused into jaw
Beluga Whale: Few teeth, sometimes only two per jaw
Narwhal: Two teeth, left tooth, grows into tusk in front

26. Toothed Whales: Sperm Whales
Third largest behind Blue and Fin whales
Bottom teeth fit into grooves in the top of the mouth
Feed on squid, fish, and sometimes attack whalers on small boats
Smaller but eat larger prey
Portrayed in the book Moby Dick by Herman Melville

27. Toothed Whales: Narwhals
Related to the Beluga whales
Lives in the Arctic Seas
Only have two upper incisors, which in males turns into the large front tusk
Females teeth are undeveloped
in their skull
Tusks are thought to be for status
in a pod, but it has 10 mil nerve
connections (salinity/temp)

28. Toothed Whales: Beluga Whale
Live in northern polar seas and on occasion go into the Arctic Rivers
Stay in small family group and eat crabs, cuttlefish, and flounder
They are distinct due to their white color skin,
which they “shed” in the 2 week warm period

29. Toothed Whales: Orca Largest of the dolphin family, Delphinidae
Size is close to that of a school bus
Only cetaceans to feed on homeothermic prey
Common to the Arctic and Antarctic Oceans

30. Dolphin versus Porpoise
Dolphins and porpoises appear similar, but they have many differences.
Dolphins Porpoises

31. Dolphin Communication: Echolocation
Communicate with clicks called echolocation
Sound waves bounce
off of prey, predators, or
other objects
An organ called the
melon relays the message
to the brain to be processed

32. Polar Bears Polar bears hunt on land/ice for seals
They wait around air hole for them to breathe
They also can find them under the snow by scent
To maintain body heat they have clear fur so their skin can absorb the suns heat
If it gets too cold they bury themselves under snow

33. Completing your worksheet on Marine Reptiles, Birds and Mammals
You have the remaining questions on the worksheet you have been working on the last two class periods (# 12 and #16-19)
With your remaining class time we will be giving you the review sheet for your Unit 3 assessment on Tuesday May 9th and Wednesday May 10th.
PLEASE FINISH YOUR BUILD A FISH AS SOON AS POSSIBLE!!!!

34. What you have to look forward to!
Next class we will be dissecting, so we will take a look at that!
12/6/16 we will be working on a review sheet and discussing the differences between fishes, marine mammals, sea turtles, and birds for your Unit 3 exam.
Your exam will take place on Thursday Dec 8th
Your Build a Fish is due on Thursday Dec 8th
After the exam we will be discussing the beginning of unit 4

35. Cetaceans pg 326 – 328 and 338 – 339 and 341 In groups:
Go back to a computer and listen to the differences between how whales and dolphins communicate
Can you make a connection between the action occurring and the sound being made?
Do dolphin and whale communication sounds relate to their mood like humans?
326 – 327
Read and take notes on the general characteristics of cetaceans
Ex: How do they retain body heat and what role due flippers and tails play in this
328
What interesting facts are there about whale behaviors (compare to dolphins)
338 – 339
Read and take notes on how echolocation works
341
What interesting facts are there about dolphin behaviors (compare to whales)