1. PHYLUM CORDATA: THE VERTEBRATES
MARINE MAMMALS
WARM BLOODED ANIMALS
HAVE HAIR (FUR, WHISKERS, EYELASHES)
LIVE BIRTH TO YOUNG
MAMMARY GLANDS TO FEED YOUNG MILK
ALL ARE PROTECTED BY THE MARINE MAMMAL
PROTECTION ACT OF 1972 IN U.S. WATERS

2. SEA OTTERS LIVE ENTIRE LIFE IN THE WATER
COME TO SHORE ONLY TO GIVE BIRTH
EAT SEA URCHINS, FISH, ABALONE, CRABS
EXTREMELY DENSE FUR FOR WARMTH
HUNTED ALMOST TO EXTINCTION
FOR THEIR FUR
WEBBED FEET TO HELP IN
SWIMMING

3. SEA OTTER WRAPPED IN KELP

4. MAMA WITH PUP

6. MANATEES LARGE, SLOW MOVING GENTLE ANIMALS
FRONT LIMBS ARE FLIPPERS, NO REAR LIMBS
VEGETARIANS –
EAT GRASSES & SEAWEEDS
10 FEET UP TO 1000 POUNDS
3 SPECIES - ALL ARE ENDANGERED
DUE TO OVER HUNTING, POLLUTION & MOTOR BOATS

7. PHYLUM CORDATA

8. Manatee video 3:00

9. MANATEE

10. MANATEE WITH YOUNG

11. MANATEES

12. PINNIPEDS – SEALS, SEA LIONS, WALRUSES
COME TO SHORE TO BREED & RAISE YOUNG
THICK LAYER OF BLUBBER FOR WARMTH
FEED ON FISH, SQUID, CLAMS
4 LIMBS ARE FLIPPERS FOR SWIMMING
EXCELLENT DIVERS & SWIMMERS
HUNTED FOR SKIN, MEAT AND OIL

13. SEALS PREFER COLDER WATERS VERY DENSE FUR & THICK SKIN
ROUNDED HEAD & SHORT SNOUT
PULL THEMSELVES ALONG ON LAND
(HIND LIMBS USELESS ON LAND)
NO EXTERNAL EAR FLAP
(JUST A HOLE IN THE HEAD)

14. ELEPHANT SEALS

15. ELEPHANT SEALS video 5:00

16. SEAL WITH PUP

17. SEALS

18. SEALS

19. SEALS

20. SEA LIONS PREFER WARMER WATERS HAVE EXTERNAL EAR FLAP
CALLED “EARED SEALS”
HEAD DOG LIKE – LONGER SNOUT
FRONT FLIPPERS CAN SUPPORT UPPER BODY
REAR FLIPPERS PIVOT FORWARD ALLOWING
SEA LIONS TO WALK ON LAND

21. SEA LION AND PUP

22. SEA LIONS ON PIER A FAVORITE HAUL OUT SPOT

23. SEA LION

24. SEA LION

26. WALRUSES ONLY NORTH POLAR SEAS LARGE TUSKS - CANINE TEETH
TUSKS USED TO GRIP ICE AND FIND FOOD
EAT CLAMS & MUSSELS & FISH
THICK, ALMOST HAIRLESS SKIN

27. WALRUS

28. WALRUS HAUL OUT FOR BREEDING

30. YOUNG WALRUS WITHOUT TUSKS

31. PHYLUM CORDATA

32. MALES & FEMALES HAVE TUSKS

33. CETACEANS – WHALES & DOLPHINS
90 SPECIES – MANY ARE ENDANGERED DUE
TO OVER HUNTING FOR OIL, BLUBBER & MEAT
FRONT LIMBS ARE FLIPPERS FOR SWIMMING
HIND LIMBS DO NOT DEVELOP BUT VESTIGIAL
BONES REMAIN IN PELVIC AREA

34. CETACEANS – WHALES & DOLPHINS
TAIL (FLUKE) IS A LARGE FLATTED APPENDAGE
USE ECHOLOCATION “SONAR” TO NAVIGATE,
FIND FOOD & COMMUNICATE
2 GROUPS -
TOOTHED WHALES
& BALEEN WHALES
SPEND ENTIRE LIVES IN WATER FROM
BIRTH TO DEATH (DO NOT COME TO SHORE)

35. TOOTHED WHALES HAVE PERMANENT TEETH (UPPER AND/OR LOWER JAWS)
FEED ON FISH, SQUID, SEALS, SHARKS
GENERALLY SMALLER WHALES
ONE BLOW HOLE ON TOP OF HEAD
ex: DOLPHINS, PORPOISES, ORCAS, SPERM WHALE

37. ORCA WHALE

38. SPERM WHALE

39. SPINNER DOLPHIN

40. BEAKED WHALE

41. BELUGA WHALE

42. BALEEN WHALES FLEXIBLE, FIBROUS PLATES CALLED BALEEN HANG
DOWN FROM THE UPPER JAW
BALEEN IS MADE OF A TOUGH MATERIAL
SIMILAR TO YOUR HAIR & FINGERNAILS
FILTER FEED ON KRILL, PLANKTON & FISH
GENERALLY LARGER WHALES
BLUE WHALE – LARGEST OF ALL ANIMALS ON EARTH

44. BLUE WHALE

45. BLUE WHALE video – 2:00

46. HUMPBACK WHALE

47. RIGHT WHALE

48. GRAY WHALE

49. FIN WHALE

50. MINKE WHALE

51. POLAR BEARS OMNIVORES – FAVORITE FOODS ARE SEALS
FOUND IN THE ARCTIC (NORTHERN HEMISPHERE)
EXCELLENT SWIMMERS (WEBBING BETWEEN TOES)
UP TO 7 FEET LONG & 1100 POUNDS
THICK FUR ADDS INSULATION –
HOLLOW HAIRS TRAP HEAT & ADD BUOYANCY

52. POLAR BEARS

53. POLAR BEARS

54. POLAR BEARS

55. POLAR BEARS

56. POLAR BEARS

57. MARINE MAMMAL ADAPTATIONS TO DIVING
EXCHANGE 90% OF OXYGEN IN LUNGS ON
EACH BREATH (HUMANS EXCHANGE ~10%)
HIGHER CONCENTRATION OF RBC’s WITH
MORE HEMOGLOBIN FOR CARRYING OXYGEN
HIGHER LEVELS OF MYOGLOBIN IN MUSCLES
WHICH STORES OXYGEN
BLOOD VESSELS CONSTRICT SLOWING BLOOD FLOW

58. MARINE MAMMAL ADAPTATIONS TO DIVING
HEART RATE SLOWS DURING A DIVE TO
CONSERVE OXYGEN AND ENERGY
BLOOD FLOW TO NON-ESSENTIAL ORGANS
IS REDUCED DURING A DIVE
FLEXIBLE RIB CAGE CAUSES LUNGS TO COLLAPSE WHICH
FORCES OXYGEN INTO THE BLOOD STREAM