1. Animal Concentration Areas

2. Animal Concentration Areas (ACAs)
Heavy use areas, sacrifice areas, barnyards, feedlots, loafing areas, exercise lots that will not maintain dense vegetation
Generate more environmental concern and are more heavily regulated than pastures
Why?

3. ACA Identification
Planned ACAs
- Barnyards, feedlots, exercise lots, loafing areas
- “Pastures” that do not meet the definition of a ‘true’ pasture
- Animal confinement areas that will not maintain a growing crop.
- Must be identified on map and follow regulations
Unplanned ACAs
- Smaller non-vegetated animal congregation areas
- Typically in pastures or part of the pasture system
- Watering, feeding, and shade areas
- Access lanes
- Designated as an ACA on Plan and Map when there is direct flow of manure nutrients to surface water or groundwater (sinkholes)

4. Planned ACAs
Would these pastures be considered ‘Lot’ ACAs or ‘Potential’ ACAs?

5. Which need to be addressed in the MMP?
Unplanned ACAs
Which need to be addressed in the MMP?
Planned ACAs vs. Potential ACAs, why?

6. ACA Management Requirements
Divert clean water flow from upslope fields, driveways, barn roofs, etc. away from the ACA
Direct or allow polluted runoff to flow from the ACA area into a storage facility or a correctly sized and well maintained vegetative filter strip
Limit animal access to surface waters to properly implemented livestock crossings - animals may not have free access to streams adjacent to or within ACAs
Keep ACAs as far away from water bodies as practical
Relocate movable structures creating animal congregation areas annually where appropriate and practical
Remove manure routinely from ACAs, where practical

7. Addressing ACA
Action to address ACA “problems” must be taken immediately
Some changes require professional design and construction
- Those plans must be fully implemented within 3 years of the development date
- Contact agency for assistance and document date contacted.
Immediately implement management changes that do not require professional design
- Moving feeders and waterers, installing fence, removing accumulated manure, establishing vegetative buffers, etc.

8. Getting Outside Help
Depending on your situation, it might be best to get professional help from local agencies
Assist you in developing Best Management Practices (BMPs):
Diversions
Roof Runoff Management
Subsurface Drainage
Structures for Water Control

9. Erosion & Sediment Control Plan
ACAs and other soil disturbances (tillage) exceeding 5,000 sq ft, need an E & S Plan, according to Chapter 102
However, the Manure Management Plan acts as an E &S Plan when the ACA worksheet is thoroughly completed

10. COMPLETE ACA INFORMATION WORKSHEET: PART 1 & 2
Manure Management Plan Exercise – Pg. 3, 9, 10
COMPLETE ACA INFORMATION WORKSHEET:
PART 1 & 2
Please now complete Animal Concentration Areas –I. If ACAs are located on the farm, then complete the corresponding ACA worksheet, Part 1 and Part 2. Examples of Animal Concentration Worksheet can be found on page 23, Part 1 of the Manure Manual Workbook.

11. ACA Worksheets pages 9 and 10
For each ACA:
Identify ACA location
Identify BMPs:
Clean water is directed around ACA
Dirty water is directed to treatment
area
Animals do not have access to
surface water
Bare areas are minimized
Areas where animals congregate
are away from surface water
If outside help is needed:
List date contacted
Agency contacted
Fill out ACA Worksheet Part 2

12. Record Keeping

13. Recordkeeping Manure Application Rates Record (pg. 22)
Using Appendix 1: Manure Application Rate Tables
Crop Yield Record (pg. 13)
Manure Transfer Record (pg. 14)
Manure Storage Facility Record (pg. 15)
There are four Record sheets, and it may not be necessary to complete all four.

14. Manure Application Rates Record (pg. 12)
Anyone spreading manure, must complete this worksheet
Date
Field Identification
Acres
Manure Group
Crop Group
App. Rate
Notes
5/26
Front Left 1 15
Horse Solid
Pasture
3 T

15. Crop Yield Record (pg. 13)
This worksheet needs to be completed if you have pastures, hay or other crop fields
Field Identification
Crop Group
Date Harvested
Yield Goal
Actual Yield Harvested
Notes
Back Field
Pasture
Grazed
2 T
1.5 T
Hay 1
Hay (mix grasses)
Late Spring/ Mid Summer
3 T
2.5 T

16. Manure Transfer Record (pg.14)
Record must be completed if exporting manure
Date
Name of Broker/ Importer
Address/ Phone # of Broker
Manure Group
Amount of Manure Transferred
Crop Group and Application Rate
5/25
John Smith
333 Ivy St.
Horse
Solid
10 Ton
Unknown
Indicate the date, name, address and phone number of importer, the group of manure being exported ( ex. Fall Dairy Liquid; Solid Horse), amount of manure being exported, and if known – crop and application rate used by importer.

17. Pennsylvania Nutrient Management Website
Manure Management Manual Program
Farmer Information
Manure Management Manual
Manure Management Workbook
Balance Sheets with information tables
How to calibrate the manure spreader
Pa One Stop Mapping
Agronomy Guide
The Pa Nutrient Management Website is a great online source, with fact sheets and tables that will aid you in completing the Manure Management Workbook. (The manure management manual program link is on the left hand side under main menu).

18. As stated earlier, you have three ways of disposing manure: 1
As stated earlier, you have three ways of disposing manure: 1. Exporting 2. Composting 3. Spreading. Before you begin applying manure, its important to know and understand how much manure should be spread to meet the crop’s needs, and the amount of manure you are legally allowed to apply.
Applying Manure

19. Environmentally Sensitive Areas Worksheet (p.4)
List associated fields
Identify environmentally sensitive areas
Mechanical manure application setbacks are required
Regardless of the slope of the land or the ground cover
Identified on Farm Map
Even if you export 100% of you manure, you must identify the setback and their distance on you farm maps.

20. Manure Application Setbacks: Lakes, Streams and Ponds
100 ft Setback if:
No BMPs
No Soil Test
50 ft Setback if:
Soil Test <200 ppm P
No-till practices used
Residue or cover crop
These setbacks refer to sensitive areas such as lakes, ponds, and streams.
35 ft Setback if:
Permanent vegetated buffer

21. Sensitive Areas & Manure Application Setbacks
No mechanical manure application within 100 feet of an existing open sinkhole
100 ft
100 ft

22. Sensitive Areas & Manure Application Setbacks
No mechanical manure application:
Within 100 feet of an active private or public drinking water source
Well or a spring
100 ft
Depending on your township, this distance may be greater for a public drinking source. This distance is also the same for above ground inlets to an agricultural drainage outlet.

23. Sensitive Areas & Manure Application Setbacks
No mechanical manure application within the channel of a non-vegetated concentrated water flow area
Swale, gully or a ditch
For gullies, ditches or other concentrated flow areas, there is no set distance setback.

24. COMPLETE ENVIROMENTALLY SENSITIVE WORKSHEET:
Manure Management Plan Exercise – Pg. 3, 4
COMPLETE ENVIROMENTALLY SENSITIVE WORKSHEET:
Please fill out section D, and the corresponding worksheet. If you have any body of water, and your setback will be less then 100 feet, include the implemented Best Management Practice that allows for a lesser setback. Be sure to include all environmentally sensitive areas and their setbacks on the farm map.

25. Manure Management Plan Summary (pg. 6)
This summary must be completed if applying manure
The Manure Management Plan Summary requires application rates, to ensure nutrients are not over applied. Before determining your ‘planned application rate’, the first four columns must be identified : Crop Groups and Yields; Manure Groups; Application Seasons; Incorporation Timing.

26. Total Manure Production Daily Manure Production *
Animal Type AU X
Daily Manure Production *
Days on Farm ÷
2,000 =
Total Manure Produced
Mature Draft Horse
5.4
55lb/ AU/ Day
365
54 Tons

27. Total Uncollected Manure Daily Manure Production*
Animal Type AU X
Daily Manure Production*
Days on Pasture
Hours on Pasture ÷ 24
2,000 =
Uncollected
Manure
Mature Draft Horse
5.4
55lb/AU/ Day
280 11
2000
19 Tons
Total Uncollected Manure

28. Total Collected Manure
TOTAL Manure Produced -
UNCOLLECTED Manure =
Collected Manure
54 Tons
19 Tons
* 35 Tons
Amount of manure needed to be stored and / or spread

29. Determining Manure Application Rates
Nitrogen Based
Current soil test
Phosphorus levels
must be below 200 ppm
Nitrogen rates are based on the crop’s N requirements
Higher amount than P rates
Phosphorus Removal
No soil test
Phosphorus levels exceed 200 ppm
Phosphorus rates are based on the crop’s P requirements
Lower amount than N rates

30. Step 1: Find the table in the back of the MMM (Appendix 1) for:
Rate basis N or P
Type of manure
Step 2: Find crop in manure type table
You choose Nitrogen recommendation when…? (you have a soil test)
You choose Phosphorus removal when…? (you don’t have a soil test, or your soil test showed 200ppm or higher for P)

31. Calculating Rates for Crop Fields
15 Ton/A is the maximum amount of manure that can be applied mechanically

32. Maximum Manure Rate 15 T/A Crop Group and Yield (a) Manure Group (b)
Application Season (c )
Planned Application Rate from C, NBS, PI * (d)
Incorporation Timing
(e)
Commercial Fertilizer Application Rate (f)
Fields where this crop group can be used (g)
Grass Hay (5 T/A)
Solid
Fall
No Incorporation
N/A
123A, 123B
15 T/A
Maximum Manure Rate

33. ? 15 T/A Crop Group and Yield (a) Manure Group (b)
Application Season (c )
Planned Application Rate from C, NBS, PI * (d)
Incorporation Timing
(e)
Commercial Fertilizer Application Rate (f)
Fields where this crop group can be used (g)
Grass Hay (5 T/A)
Solid
Fall
15 T/A
No Incorporation
N/A
123A, 123B
Pasture (3 T/A)
Grazing ?
Pasture rates are calculated differently, because the manure deposited by the grazing animals needs to be taken into account.

34. Calculating Rates for Pastures
Tons X
Days on Pasture
Number of Horses ÷
Acres =
Ton/A from Grazing
Less than 8 Hours
0.007
20  4  3 
.2 
8-16 Hours
0.014
100  3
 1.9
Over 16 Hours
0.021
200 
5.6 
Total Manure Applied by Grazing Horses
7.7 
Maximum Allowable Rate (from MMM Rates Table)
Allowable Mechanical Application Rate
First owners need to decide how many hours horses are on pasture (there are separate tables for animals other than horses).

35. Calculating Rates for Pastures
When calculating the mechanical manure application rate for pastures, the lowest yield (3- 4 tons per acre) for grass hay must be used.
10 Ton/A is the maximum amount of manure that can be applied mechanically

36. Calculating Rates for Pastures
Tons X
Days on Pasture
Number of Horses ÷
Acres =
Ton/A from Grazing
Less than 8 Hours
0.007
20  4  3 
.2 
8-16 Hours
0.014
100  3
 1.9
Over 16 Hours
0.021
200 
5.6 
Total Manure Applied by Grazing Horses
7.7 
Maximum Allowable Rate (from MMM Rates Table)
 10
Allowable Mechanical Application Rate
 2.3
If applying 2.3 tons per acre is not a high enough application rate, the operator has two options: 1.) Use the Manure Balance Sheet
2.) Lower the number of days horses are allowed on pasture.
2.3 Ton/A is the maximum amount of manure that can be applied mechanically

37. 15 T/A 2.3 T/A Crop Group and Yield (a) Manure Group (b)
Application Season (c )
Planned Application Rate from C, NBS, PI * (d)
Incorporation Timing
(e)
Commercial Fertilizer Application Rate (f)
Fields where this crop group can be used (g)
Grass Hay (5 T/A)
Solid
Fall
15 T/A
No Incorporation
N/A
123A, 123B
Pasture (3 T/A)
Grazing
2.3 T/A
Oak Tree and Lane Pasture

38. Manure Management Plan Exercise – Pg. 6 FINISH COMPLETING PLAN SUMMARY
Finish filling out the Manure Manual Plan Summary worksheet.

39. Winter Application
This section pertains to those who apply manure during the winter season.

40. Operation Information Page (p.3)
Winter Application (check yes or no)
Winter definition:
December 15 through February 28; OR
Anytime the ground is frozen at least 4 inches; OR
Anytime that the ground is snow covered
If yes, must complete Winter Application Worksheet (p.5)
If manure is applied in the winter, then check yes and the Winter Application worksheet needs to completed on page 5 of the workbook. 40

41. Winter Application Limits
Maximum of 20 tons of solid & 5000 gal of liquid manure per acre
At least 25% crop residue or established cover crop
No application to fields with slopes greater then 15%
100 ft setback to Environmentally Sensitive Areas
Cover Crop
Crop Residue

42. Winter Application Worksheet (p.5)
Winter application is discouraged (HIGH RISK OF LOSS)
Winter manure application is not highly recommended, because of the lack of nutrient uptake by crops. Spreading manure during the winter season poses a higher threat to nutrient runoff and loss – increasing the environmental concern. Spreading manure during the winter season has their own set of setbacks and regulations. 42

43. Generate Farm Maps 8. Winter Manure Application Information
If you spread manure in winter:
Average field slopes will
need to be identified
(NRCS Soil Survey Map
will meet requirements)
Manure application setbacks
will need to be identified
on the map
NRCS Soil Survey Map are available at either your local County Conservation District or NRCS Office.

44. COMPLETE WINTER APPLICATION WORK SHEET
Manure Management Plan Exercise – Pg. 3 & 4
COMPLETE WINTER APPLICATION
WORK
SHEET
Please now fill out section E, and if your farm spreads manure during winter, fill out the winter application worksheet. An example of the Winter Application Worksheet can be found on page 9, Part 1 of the Manure Management Manual. 44

45. http://Extension.psu.edu/CMEG Penn State Equine
Donna Foulk
(610)
Sarah Crooke
(610)
Penn State Extension Nutrient Management Program
Penn State Extension Crop Management Team
Douglas Beegle
(814)
Jerry Martin
(717)