1. Unit 3: Maintenance and Safety Checks

2. What Does a Battery Work?
Function:
Stores electrical energy inside of cells.
How:
Battery Contains Sulfuric acid/water combination.
When discharged (used), electrolyte solution becomes more diluted.
When charging (either on charger or alternator), electrical energy is converted to chemical energy & sulfuric acid/water solution becomes more concentrated.

3. Using Jumper Cables…
First Connect the Positive post of the (good) booster battery, then the Positive post of the dead battery.
Good Battery
Dead Battery
From

4. Using Jumper Cables Continued
Next connect the negative post of the booster battery, then connect the cable to a good ground away from the battery on the dead machine.
Good Battery
Dead Battery
From

5. How important is Oil? Extremely Important! 4 Main Functions of Oil:
Reduces friction of moving parts
Carries heat away from engine.
Creates seal between piston and cylinder wall.
Keeps engine clean.

6. Oil Viscosity:
The viscosity grade (for example, SAE 30 or a Multigrade oil like 5W-30) tells you the oil's thickness, or viscosity. A thin oil has a lower number and flows more easily, while thick oils have a higher number and are more resistant to flow.
Water has a very low viscosity -- it is thin and flows easily. Honey has a very high viscosity -- it is thick and gooey.

7. Most oils on the shelves today are "Multigrades", which simply means that the oil falls into 2 viscosity grades (i.e. 10w-40)
Multigrades were first developed some 50 years ago to avoid the old routine of using a thinner oil in winter and a thicker oil in summer.
In a 10w-40 for example the 10w (W = winter, simply means that the oil must have a certain maximum viscosity/flow at low temperature.
The lower the "W" number the better the oil's cold temperature/cold start performance.

8. Fuel Systems: Gasoline: Diesel: Fuel Tank  Carburetor  Spark Plugs 
Engine
Diesel:
Fuel Tank 
Pump & Injectors 
Engine
Both have very small passageways for fuel movement. Important that fuel be kept free of dirt & water.

9. http://videos. howstuffworks
Hydraulic System
Works through set of hydraulic rams pulling & pushing.
Problems can be attributed to:
1 Not enough oil in reservoir.
2). Dirty/clogged filter.
3). Leaking connections.
4). Incorrect oil in system.
Milky colored= water in system.
Clean quick couplers before connecting.

10. Lubricating moving parts
Use correct type of grease & wipe fittings to remove debris before attaching grease gun.

11. Maintain Clutch-Free Travel
½” – 2” of clutch movement is normal.
May burn out if not maintained

12. What is Maintenance?
Proper Prevention Prevents Poor Performance…

13. In this section, we will discuss:
Daily Maintenance Checks
Preventive Maintenance Schedule
Maintenance Systems and Charts
Maintenance Operation

14. Daily Maintenance FOUR REASONS FOR DAILY MAINTENANCE:
Reduces Tractor and Machine Stoppages
Reduces Equipment Safety Hazards
Reduces Operation Cost
Increases Service Life

15. Preventive Maintenance Schedule
4 WAYS/TYPES OF HOW A PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE IS KEPT:
Schedule Maintenance By Hours (10, 50, 100, 250, etc)
Seasonal Checks or Yearly Checks
Date and Hours of Machine when Service or Maintenance is Completed.
Any Additional Records (Oil, Fuel, Repair Cost)

16. Maintenance Systems And Charts
Used to find out when suggested maintenance and lubrication should be done.

17. Maintenance Operation- (found in operator’s manual)
~pg. 27 for details)
Air Cleaner
Keep Clean- 9,000 gal. of air drawn into engine for every gal. of fuel. Air must be free of foreign materials if engine to function w/out excessive wear.
Battery
Keep charged, check electrolyte levels every 50 hours of use.
Clutch-free Travel
½ in- 2in of clutch free travel normal. Clutch can burn out if not maintained.
Crankcase Oil
Check oil level daily, change oil filter when changing oil
Fuel System
Keep fuel away from water & dirt- can get stuck in narrow fuel lines causing blockages. Keep machine fueled & service fuel filter regularly.
Hydraulic System
Check hyd. Oil every 50 hours, replace every 1200 hours. Clean filter. Milky=water, Leaks=air in line
Lubrication
Lube move parts every 50 hours, wipe fitting before greasing
Transmission
Check 1x/week, replace every 2 years. Checked by removing trans. Dipstick or plug
Power Takeoff
Check oil every 50 hours, make sure shields are in place
Cooling System
Check coolant level every 10 hours, check for leaks, change antifreeze 1x year
Tires
Overinflated- excessive wear.
Underinflated- Excess flexing, heating, and premature wear

18. Tires… Can add ballast (weight) to improve traction.
Too much weight-no evidence of tread slippage
Too little weight-too much slippage
10%-15% slippage is ideal.

19. Types of Ballast Material
Cost
Freeze
Resist
Weight vs.
Water
Safe?
Availability
free
none
+0%
very safe
wide
Calcium Chloride
low
-50F
+40%
Corrosive (need to put in tubes)
Ethylene Glycol Antifreeze
medium
-40F
toxic
Propylene Glycol Antifreeze
high
safe
Windshield Washer Fluid
-20F
Beet Juice
(i.e. Rim Guard)
very high
-35F
+30%
dealer network
Polyurethane Foam/Flat Fill
+20-50%

20. The Daily Maintenance Check:
Fuel Supply
Radiator Coolant Level
Tire Pressure
Battery Fluid Level
Crankcase Oil Level- oil level may decrease over time…

21. The Safety Check-
When a tractor is serviced, check for safety hazards like loose belts, worn/broken/damaged parts, & dirt accumulation. Also check:
Seat Position and Security
Steering Connections
Hitch
Tires and Wheels
Platform (no loose objects)
Steps and handholds
Brake Pedal locking function works
Attached Equipment
Ignition Wiring

22. Assignment: Unit 3: Pg. 37 (1-10) Maintenance & Safety Checks
Optional Enrichment Assignment for Success: Pg. 36
Maintenance & Safety Checks