1. GEOSYNTHETICS
Aquino Borral Morales

2. Geosynthetics
refers to a product that is made from polymeric material and is applied as a key component in a structure or system to achieve engineering purposes. The prefix “geo” suggests whose application has to do with soil, rock, and/or earth. 

3. Primary Functions of Geosynthetics
Separation
Reinforcement
Filtration
Drainage
Containment
Any geosynthetic product is expected to provide one or more of the functions.

4. Types of Geosynthetic
Separation
Filtration
Drainage
Reinforcement
Containment
Geotextile
Yes
Geonet
Geocomposite

5. Types of Geosynthetics
Geotextiles
Geonets
Geocomposites

6. Geotextiles ‘Geo’ means earth and the ‘textile’ means fabric.
are indeed textiles in the traditional sense, but they consist of synthetic fibers .These synthetic fibers are made into flexible, porous fabrics by standard weaving machinery or are matted together in a random nonwoven manner. The major point is that geotextiles are porous to liquid flow across their manufactured plane and also within their thickness, but to a widely varying degree.

7. Types of Geotextiles
Woven Geotextile- This type has the characteristic appearance of two sets of parallel threads or yarns --.the yarn running along the length is called warp and the one perpendicular is called weft. Wovens can be used for stabilization, reinforcement, as well as, filtration and separation.

8. Types of Geotextiles
Non- Woven Geotextile - are manufactured through a process of mechanical interlocking or chemical or thermal bonding of fibers/filaments. Non-woven fabrics are used in filter and separation applications.

9. Types of Geotextiles
Knitted Geotextile- Knitted geosynthetics are manufactured using another process which is adopted from the clothing textiles industry, namely that of knitting. In this process interlocking a series of loops of yarn together is made. Knitted geotextiles. are a subset to woven geotextiles and are found mostly as filters on pipes

10. Function of Geotextile
Separation - to prevent mutual mixing between 2 layers of soil having different particle sizes or different properties

11. Function of Geotextile
Drainage -Geotextiles will efficiently collect superfluous water from structures, such as rainwater or surplus water, from the soil and discharge it. In these systems, the drainage geotextile acts as a filter, allowing the water to pass, while restricting soil fines from entering into, and clogging, the sand, gravel or pipe portion of the drain system.

13. Function of Geotextile
Filtration- The restraining of soil or other particles subjected to hydrodynamic forces while allowing the passage of fluids into or across a geotextile

14. Function of Geotextile
Reinforcement- due to their high soil fabric friction coefficient and high tensile strength, heavy grades of geotextiles are used to reinforce earth structures allowing the use of local fill material.
It prevents vertical soil walls and steep slopes from collapsing. When dealing with reinforcement, the important parameters are tensile strength and elongation.

15. Function of Geotextile
Protection- Erosion of earth embankments by wave action, currents and repeated drawdown is a constant problem requiring the use of non-erodable protection in the form of rock beaching or mattress structures. Beneath these is placed a layer of geotextile to prevent leaching of fine material. The prevention or limiting of local damage to a given element or material by the use of a geotextile

16. Application to Structures

17. Geonets
A geosynthetic material consisting of integrally connected parallel sets of ribs overlying similar sets at various angles.
Their design function is completely within in-plane drainage area where they are used to convey all types of liquids.

18. Categories of Geonets
Biplanar geonets: These are the original and most common types and consist of two sets of intersecting ribs at different angles and spacing. The ribs themselves are of different sizes and shapes for different styles.

19. Triplanar geonets: These have parallel central ribs with smaller sets of ribs above and beneath mainly for geometric stability.

20. Other geonets: These newer geo-net structures have either box shaped channels or protruding columns from an underlying support network.

21. Geocomposites
These are products manufactured by combining the superior feature of various types of geosynthetics.
This is prepared to extract all the major properties into a single unit with minimum cost.

22. Types of Geocomposites
Geotextile - Geonet composites
Geotextile - Geomembrane composites
Geotextile - Geogrid composites
Geomembrane - Geogrid composites
Geotextile - Polymer Core composites

23. Geotextile - Geonet composites
When a geotextile is used on one or both sides of a geonet, the separation and filtration functions are always satisfied, but the drainage function is vastly improved in comparison to geotextiles by themselves. Such geocomposites are regularly used in intercepting and conveying leachate in landfill liner and cover systems and for conducting vapor or water beneath pond liners of various types.

24. Geotextile - Geomembrane composites
Geotextiles can be laminated on one or both sides of a geomembrane for a number of purposes. The geotextiles provide increased resistance to puncture, tear propagation, and friction related to sliding, as well as providing tensile strength in and of themselves.

25. Geotextile - Geogrid composites
A needle punched nonwoven geotextile bonded to a geogrid provides in-plane drainage while the geogrid provides tensile reinforcement. Such geotextile-geogrid composites are used for internal drainage of low-permeability backfill soils for reinforced walls and slopes. The synergistic properties of each component enhances the behavior of the final product.

26. Geomembrane - Geogrid composites
Since some types of geomembranes and geogrids can be made from the same material (e.g., high-density polyethylene), they can be bonded together to form an impervious membrane barrier with enhanced strength and friction capabilities.

27. Erosion Control Geocomposite
Installation of a geocomposite drain.

28. Geotextile - Polymer Core composites
A core in the form of a quasi-rigid plastic sheet, it can be extruded or deformed in such a way as to allow very large quantities of liquid to flow within its structure; it thus acts as a drainage core. The core must be protected by a geotextile, acting as a filter and separator, on one or both sides.