1. 100 million 1 million 350 thousand 20 million 750 million
Approximately how many victims of human trafficking exist in the world today?
100 million
1 million
350 thousand
20 million
750 million 10

2. Which of the following is an indicator of possible human trafficking?
Presents with unexplained injuries or signs of prolonged/untreated illness or disease
Exhibits a loss of sense of time
Is not allowed or able to speak for him/herself (e.g., a third party may insist on being present and/or interpreting)
Exhibits unusually fearful, anxious, depressed, submissive, tense, or nervous/paranoid behavior
All of the above 10

3. AbolitionOhio– The Anti-Human Trafficking Coalition in the Miami Valley abolitionohio.org Human Trafficking 101 Miami Valley/Ohio 24 hour Hotline:
human
being?

4. Human trafficking is the modern day slave trade.
Human beings are forced, tricked, or threatened into situations where they work for little or no pay and often are unable to leave.
Their labor and their bodies are exploited for another’s profit.
They are subjected to horrible physical, psychological, and spiritual abuse that leaves them scarred for life—if they survive the ordeal.

5. Major Types of Human Trafficking
Forced Labor
Sex Trafficking
Bonded Labor/Debt Bondage
Involuntary Domestic Servitude
Forced Child Labor
Child Soldiers
Child Sex Trafficking

6. Human Trafficking: Quick Stats
Over Twenty-seven million slaves exist in the world today
Cases in over 160 countries
And all 50 US States
Two hundred thousand people are currently enslaved in the US
Up to 17,500 new victims are trafficked across US borders each year
$150 Billion! in revenue each year
Sources: Kevin Bales, United Nations, US Dept. of Justice, US Dept. of State, International Labour Organization
Estimates; vary based on source as these are very difficult stats to collect and measurement is not standardized.

7. International Labour Organization 2012 Estimates
20.9 million total (Conservative Estimate)
11.4 million (55%) are women and girls
9.5 million (45%) are men and boys.
15.4 million (74%) are adults
5.5 million (26%) are children
4.5 million (22%) are victims of forced sexual exploitation
14.2 million (68%) are victims of forced labor

8. IOM 2014
International Office of Migration

9. Human trafficking: Legal Definition (Also known as TIP—Trafficking in Persons)
The Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA) defines “severe forms of trafficking” as:
Sex trafficking in which a commercial sex act is induced by force, fraud, or coercion;
Sex trafficking in which the person induced to perform such an act has not attained 18 years of age;
The recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for labor or services, through the use of force, fraud, or coercion for the purpose of subjection to involuntary servitude, peonage, debt bondage, or slavery.
A victim need not be physically transported from one location to another in order for the crime to fall within these definitions.

10. Slide is from Polaris powerpoint
* With the passage of HB 130 End Demand Act, Ohio is now in line with the Federal TVAP law which says that minors don’t have to prove compulsion; all minors are victims.

11. Venues where labor trafficking is likely in US
Farrell, et al, 2010
Urban institute, 2014
Agriculture
Domestic work
Construction
Factories/Industrial
Landscaping
Retail sales industries
Entertainment
Restaurants
Domestic Victims
Forced begging
Agriculture
Hospitality
Domestic service in private residences
Construction
Restaurants
Farrell, A., McDevitt, J., & Fahy, S. (2010). Where are all the victims? Understanding the determinants of official identification of human
trafficking incidents. Criminology & Public Policy, 9(2),
The Urban Institute, located in Washington DC and founded in 1968 operates policy centers and conducts independent scholarly research on a variety of topics. They recently released a report on labor trafficking “Hidden in Plain Sight” and this information is from that report.

12. Types of Sex Trafficking in the US
Apartments
Bars
Hotels
Massage Parlors
Parks
Residential Homes
Street-based
Strip Clubs
Truck Stops
Residential/Underground Brothel Settings
Escort Services
Pimp-Controlled Prostitution
Can take many different forms and occur in many different locations
Residential/underground brothels are in motels, homes,… with transactions usually arranged by internet

13. Recruitment Strategies
Fraud/Deception: Number One Method
Seemingly legitimate work opportunities
False/predatory romantic involvement
Offers of food, housing, clothes, drugs,… in exchange for sex (survival sex)
Purchase of women or children from impoverished family/guardians
Kidnapping (less common)

14. Breakdown of TIP in USA But look at this.
Sex is estimated to be less than ½ of all TIP in US.
Labor is just much harder to find—especially domestic servitude, and less vigorously pursued. Everyone reacts when they hear about CSEC. Exploited migrant farmworkers…not so much.

15. US Justice Dept. Statistics (2011)
2,515 suspected cases of human trafficking
82% were classified as sex trafficking—nearly half of these involved victims under the age of 18
83% of confirmed sex-trafficking victims were U.S. citizens
Most confirmed labor-trafficking victims were identified as undocumented immigrants (67%) or legal immigrants (28%)

16. Victims Most victims “willingly” go with their trafficker
Many victims do not think they are a victim
Victims are “surviving” not being “victimized”
Online solicitation is increasing
Social media
Use of commercial sex websites
Backpage.com
This information is generally acknowledged by Polaris and was supported by research conducted by Dr. Celia Williamson, University of Toledo.

17. The Traffickers 1 2 3 4
1. Veniamin Gonikman, a fugitive seen in this undated handout from US Immigration and Customs Enforcement(ICE), wanted on human trafficking charges for allegedly forcing eastern European women to dance in Detroit strip clubs was arrested Thursday night at John F. Kennedy International Airport, officials said.
2. Three cops under the command of "America's toughest sheriff," including a deputy in the human smuggling unit, have been arrested in Arizona and charged with trafficking in humans and drugs. Deputy Alfredo Navarrette and two female prison guards were arrested following a year-long sting that netted nine other people in a suspected criminal ring.
3. Police say a man wanted for sex trafficking and promoting prostitution is now in cuffs, thanks to tips from "America's Most Wanted" viewers. Rufus Byers, who was wanted out of New Mexico for allegedly trafficking a young woman, was taken into custody on February 29, a few days after appearing on AMW's two-hour sex trafficking special on Lifetime.
4. MONTEREY, Calif. - A 35-year-old Monterey woman has been arrested in connection to human trafficking and other charges, said police.
The Monterey Police Department arrested Aaliyah Solange Ali Person, also known as Lisa Louise Banner, after investigating an allegation that an underage female runaway from the bay area was brought to Monterey to be a prostitute.
5. Devon Tenille Bradford, 33, was arrested on May 14, 2012, on suspicion of rape, human trafficking, and lewd and lascivious acts, according to police Detective Steve Anderson of the Modesto Police Department. (Modesto Police Department) Read more here:
6. GREENVILLE, N.C. - The ring leader in a human trafficking organization has been arrested.
That's according to the Pitt County Sheriff's Office. 37-year-old Oscar Salinas-Rodriguez was taken into custody Thursday at a brothel house on Highway 264 East in Greenville. Deputies say the prostitution operation is part of a larger criminal organization. A female victim from western North Carolina was identified and rescued. She was allegedly promised a cleaning job, but when she arrived, she was forced to engage in sex labor. She had been held at the brothel for about a week.
7. Rubicela Montero, an undocumented woman from Chicago, was charged with human trafficking after one of her victims reported the activities of the brothel through a police hotline. Montero, 39, picked up a total of 6 girls with promises of legitimate work but forced them into performing sex several times a week while threatening their lives and those of their loved ones if they exposed her. The Chicago police set up a sting operation and sent an undercover, Spanish-speaking cop, to uncover the brothel and arrest the woman who trafficked her victims for $100 each. Montero is being held on a $400,000 bail and faces 30 years if convicted.
8. Feng Liu of Gaithersburg was the owner of Ya Ya Spa. She has been charged with human trafficking and conducting prostitution. Howard Hao Wang, who operated Tropical Spa and Best Massage, faces the same charges.
9. Mauricio Alex Garcia Guardia of Rockville, who owned Executive Body Work, has a warrant for his arrest on charges of conducting prostitution and human trafficking. 5 6 7 8 8 9

18. The Victims
Have audience study photos. After a few moments, point out that it is same girl. Mug shots for soliciting as a minor over a short (about 2 year) period.

19. Trafficking in Ohio
Toledo: Was #4 city in arrests and investigations related to child sex trafficking
Over 400 Human Trafficking investigations in Ohio since 2003
Cases in urban, suburban, and rural areas
783 foreign persons trafficked into Ohio’s labor and sex trade in any given year
1,078 American-born Ohio youth trafficked into sex trade in any given year
Ohio 4th in call volume to National Hotline
Source: Ohio Attorney General Human Trafficking Commission report; It just became mandatory for law enforcement to have specific training and also to specifically report human trafficking cases to the AG’s office so that may explain some of the discrepancy between estimated cases versus lower number of actual investigations.
DISCLAIMER: Documented cases in every major city, not just Toledo
*Youth = ages 12-17
REMEMBER—these are estimates

20. Ohio Vulnerabilities Extensive highway system
Most truck stops in nation
5th most strip clubs in nation
Proximity to Canada
Within day’s drive to multiple
major metropolitan cities
Large Minority Population
Sharply rising immigrant
population
Unemployment
Poverty
-Ohio is a source, transit, and destination state
-Prime Target:
1. Extensive highway system: can get out of Ohio anywhere within 2 hours; within day’s drive to Indianapolis, St.
Louis, Chicago, Detroit, Nashville, Washington D.C., Pittsburgh, and Toronto
2. Proximity to Canada: Canada is a frequent port-of-entry for international victims, and Toronto has been
identified as a growing trafficking hub; susceptible to international trafficking due to its 146-mile border
along Lake Erie, allowing traffickers the protection of water travel
3. Immigrant population: From , the Hispanic population increased by 50% and the Asian
population nearly as much, with the overall migrant population climbing over 30%. Also immigrants are more vulnerable to being trafficked for
fear of deportation and/or losing green card/work visas
4. Agricultural industry: 130 migrant labor camps that employ numerous individuals, a majority of which are from
the Hispanic migrant labor pool. Because of this market, among others such as restaurants, textile industry,
landscaping, and small factories, Ohio attracts many foreign born immigrant groups looking for work
5. Poverty: Ohio ranks 27th in the nation in handling the problem of child homelessness, according to a 2014 state-by-state report card released by the National Center on Family Homelessness. Over 47,000 children are estimated to be homeless.
--In 2015, over 1.7 million Ohioans lived below the poverty level

21. Ohio AG 2015 Report 102 human trafficking investigations
104 arrests; 33 convictions
130 traffickers
167 suspected buyers of sex (consumers)
203 trafficking victims; 196 female; 3 male
3 victims under 12; 4 aged 13; 23 aged 14-15; 30 aged 16-17
Majority were young, white adults
6 potential labor trafficking victims (3 minors)

22. Ohio Law- 2905.32 Adult (≥18) Act or attempt to: Purpose: Recruit
Lure
Entice
Harbor
Transport
Provide
Obtain
Maintain
Purpose:
Subjected:
Involuntary servitude
Compelled*:
Sexual activity for hire
Sexual performance
Production of obscene material
KNOWINGLY
*Compulsion does not need to be openly displayed or physically exerted.
Compulsion is established if victims will is overcome by force, fear, duress, intimidation or fraud.

23. Ohio Law- 2905.32 <16 years old or DD
Act or attempt:
Recruit
Lure
Entice
Harbor
Transport
Provide
Obtain
Maintain
Purpose:
Subjected:
Involuntary servitude
Compelled:
Sexual activity for hire
Sexual performance
Production of obscene material
KNOWINGLY

24. Ohio Law- 2905.32 16-17 years old Act or attempt: Purpose: Recruit
Lure
Entice
Harbor
Transport
Provide
Obtain
Maintain
Purpose:
Subjected:
Involuntary servitude
Compelled:
Sexual activity for hire
Sexual performance
Production of obscene material
KNOWINGLY
And:
Certain relationship of authority
from

25. Ohio Law- 2905.32 16-17 years old Offender is:
Parent, Stepparent, Guardian, Custodian
Teacher, Coach,
or other person in authority in school
Supervisory
or disciplinary authority over victim,
Scout leader
Medical or mental health professional,
Cleric
Detention facility worker, Peace officer

27. “Online classifieds like Backpage
“Online classifieds like Backpage.com are now a primary venue for traffickers to sell sex with minors and for buyers to purchase sex with these children.”
-Shared Hope International

28. Backpage.com, Commercial Sex, & Sex Trafficking
Most commercial sex transactions in the US are now facilitated online
Backpage.com has become the largest commercial sex marketplace in the US
Recent ASU study shows nearly 80% of adult services ads in Phoenix were for prostitution
Shared Hope Intl reports an 800% increase in minors being sex trafficked online over a 2 year period. A majority on Backpage.com

29. Dayton/Springfield Backpage Ads
Dates: 10/16/ /7/2014
52 days
846 Total Ads
Ave 16 Ads per Day

31. Number of Times Mentioned
Locations
Top Ten Locations
Number of Times Mentioned
1. Dayton
807
2. Dayton Area/Surrounding Areas 64
3. Miamisburg 61
4. North Dayton 55
5. South Dayton 47
6. Various cities/Anywhere 42
7. Centerville 30
8. Cincinnati 16
9. Englewood 15
9. Troy

34. Provider’s Recorded Race Total Number Identified
Who Posted?
Provider’s Recorded Race
Total Number Identified
Average Age
Minimum Age
Maximum Age
Asian 13
31.62 19 36
Black
160
25.91 69
Hispanic 44
31.23
Multiracial 8
29.63 23
Unknown
214
27.73 18 50
White
397
27.13 53
Total
836
27.36

36. Age: 18-69, average 26 Age: 19-44, average 27.5 80% USA (N=1837)
Ohio (N=64)
Age: 18-69, average 26
Age: 19-44, average 27.5
Race
Percent
White
57.3
Black/African-American
20.2
Multiracial
6.7
Asian
5.8
Hispanic
5.4
Other
4.7
80%

37. City
Total Ads Posted 1 day
Akron/Canton 46
Ashtabula 5
Athens 4
Chillicothe
Cincinnati 94
Cleveland
147
Columbus
115
Dayton 36
Huntington 6
Lima 8
Mansfield 7
Sandusky
Toledo 45
Tuscarawas
Youngstown 18
Zanesville
Ohio Total 555, Mean 34, Median 7

38. A Simplified Business Model of Human Trafficking
Supply Side
Demand Side
Supply
(Slave)
Wholesaler
(Recruiter)
Distributer
(Transport,
Intermediaries)
Retailer
(Pimp,
Brothel,
Agent)
Customer
(John,
Owner)

39. Red Flags Indicators of Potential Trafficking
Polaris Project
The Individual(s) in Question…
Is not free to leave or come and go as he/she wishes
Is under 18 years of age and is providing commercial sex acts
Is in the commercial sex industry and has a pimp/manager
Is unpaid, paid very little, or paid only through tips
Works excessively long and/or unusual hours
Is not allowed breaks or suffers under unusual restrictions at work
Owes a large and/or increasing debt and is unable to pay it off
Was recruited through false promises concerning the nature and conditions of his/her work
Is living or working in a location with high security measures (e.g. opaque or boarded-up windows, bars on windows, barbed wire, security cameras, etc.).

40. Red Flags (continued)
Exhibits unusually fearful, anxious, depressed, submissive, tense, or nervous/paranoid behavior
Reacts with unusually fearful or anxious behavior at any reference to “law enforcement”
Avoids eye contact
Exhibits a flat affect
Presents with unexplained injuries or signs of prolonged/untreated illness or disease
Appears malnourished
Shows signs of physical and/or sexual abuse, physical restraint, confinement, or torture.

41. Red Flags (continued) Has few or no personal possessions
Is not in control of his/her own money, and/or has no financial records, or bank account
Is not in control of his/her own identification documents (e.g. ID, passport, or visa)
Is not allowed or able to speak for him/herself (e.g., a third party may insist on being present and/or interpreting)
Has an attorney that he/she doesn’t seem to know or to have agreed to receive representation services from.

42. Red Flags (continued)
Has been “branded” by a trafficker (e.g. a tattoo of the trafficker’s name)
Claims to be “just visiting” and is unable to clarify where he/she is staying or to provide an address
Exhibits a lack of knowledge of whereabouts and/or does not know what city he/she is in
Exhibits a loss of sense of time
Has numerous inconsistencies in his/her story.

43. Human Trafficking Prevention & Intervention Protocol
If you suspect human trafficking is taking place:
Look for the Red Flags
Reach out to the victim and offer support.
Many victims will deny anything is happening
Inform your supervisor (if mandated reporter)
Call local law enforcement (Call 911 if someone is in immediate danger)
For child—Report to Children’s Services
Call the National Hotline:
From Polaris and the National Human Trafficking Resource Center

44. What Else Can I do? Educate yourself more Spread the word
If you see something, report it to
Get involved, volunteer
Don’t support commercial sex
Buy used (second hand, thrift stores,…)
Buy Fair Trade!

45. AbolitionOhio.org - AbolitionOhio@gmail.com
Thank You!
AbolitionOhio.org -
Facebook.com/AbolitionOhio