1. Chapter 6 Decision Support System Development
Turban, Aronson, and Liang Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Seventh Edition
Chapter 6 Decision Support System Development
© Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang

2. Learning Objectives Understand the concepts of systems development.
Learn PADI, the phases of SDLC.
Describe prototyping.
Understand which factors lead to DSS success or failure.
Learn the importance of project management.
Describe the three technology levels of DSS.
Understand the learning process involved in DSS development.
© Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang

3. Creation of a specialized business portal to solve specific problem
Osram Sylvania Thinks Small, Strategizes Big-Develops the Infonet HR Portal System Vignette
Creation of a specialized business portal to solve specific problem
Prototype
Interactive, Web-based
HR portal
Think small, strategize big
Focus on key problems first
Plan to achieve quick small successes
Intranet-based portal for hiring, job postings, benefits, bonuses, retirement information
© Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang

4. Systems Development Life Cycle
Four phases
Planning
Analysis
Design
Implementation
Cyclical
Can return to other phases
Waterfall model
© Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang

5. Tools Computer-aided software design tools RAD design tools
Upper CASE –
Creates systems diagrams
Lower CASE
Manages diagrams and code
Integrated CASE
Combination
RAD design tools
Enterprise class repository and collaboration
UML modeling
Analysis and design software
Code debugging methods
Testing and quality assurance tools
© Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang

6. Successful Project Management
Establish a baseline
Define scope of project
Manage change and scope creep
Get support from upper management
Establish timelines, milestones, and budgets based on realistic goals
Involve users
Document everything
© Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang

7. Implementation Failures
Lack of stakeholder involvement
Incomplete requirements
Scope creep
Unrealistic expectations
Project champion leaves
Lack of skill or expertise
Inadequate human resources
New technologies
© Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang

8. Evolutionary Disruptors
Development environment
Organizational cultural factors
Loss of top management support
User and analyst attitude
User experience
Development team capability
Development process
User education, support, involvement, training
© Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang

9. Project Management Tools
Project management software can allow:
Collaboration among disparate teams
Resource and program management
Portfolio management
Web enabled
Aggregates and analyses project data
© Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang

10. Alternative Development Methodologies
Parallel development
Multiple development on separate systems
RAD
Quick development allowing fast, but limited functionality
Phased development
Sequential serial development
Prototyping
Rapid development of portions of projects for user input and modification
Small working model or may become functional part of final system
Throwaway prototyping
Pilot test or simple development platforms
© Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang

11. © Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang

12. Agile Development Rapid prototyping Used for: Heavy user input
Unclear or rapidly changing requirements
Speedy development
Heavy user input
Incremental delivery with short time frames
Tend to have integration problems
© Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang

13. DSS Development Methodology
Prototyping
Iterative design
Evolutionary development
Middle out process
Adaptive design
Incremental design
© Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang

14. DSS Prototyping Short steps Immediate stakeholder feedback Iterative
Planning
Analysis
Design
Prototype
Immediate stakeholder feedback
Iterative
In development of prototype
Within the system in general
Evaluation integral part
Control mechanism
© Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang

15. DSS Prototyping Advantages Disadvantages
User and management involvement
Learning explicitly integrated
Prototyping bypasses information requirement
Short intervals between iterations
Low cost
Improved user understanding of system
Disadvantages
Changing requirements
May not have thorough understanding of benefits and costs
Poorly tested
Dependencies, security, and safety may be ignored
High uncertainty
Problem may get lost
Reduction in quality
Higher costs due to multiple productions
© Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang

16. Change Management Crucial to DSS People resistant to change
Examine cause of change
May require organizational culture shift
Lewin-Schein change theory steps
Unfreeze
Create awareness of need for change
People support what they help create
Move
Develop new methods and behaviors
Create and maintain momentum
Refreeze
Reinforce desired changes
Establish stable environment
© Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang

17. DSS Technology Levels DSS primary tools DSS generator (engine)
Fundamental elements
Programming languages, graphics, editors, query systems
DSS generator (engine)
Integrated software package for building specific DSS
Modeling, report generation, graphics, risk analysis
Specific DSS
DSS application that accomplishes the work
DSS primary tools are used to construct integrated tools that are used to construct specific tools
© Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang

18. © Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang

19. DSS Hardware Software PCs to multiprocessor mainframes
Involves multiple criteria
Develop in house, outsource, or buy off the shelf
Off the shelf software rapidly updated; many on market
Prices fluctuate
Different tools available
© Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang

20. DSS Team developed DSS requires substantial effort to build and manage
End user developed DSS
Decision-makers and knowledge workers develop to solve problems or enhance productivity
Advantages
Short delivery time
User requirements specifications are eliminated
Reduced implementation problems
Low costs
Risks
Quality may be low
May have lack of documentation
Security risks may increase
© Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang

21. DSS
DSS is much more than just a DBMS, MBMS, GUI, interface, and knowledge component
© Prentice Hall, Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, 7th Edition, Turban, Aronson, and Liang