1. Ch. 2 Sect. 3 Spain in America
Explorers and Conquests pp

2. Gold, Glory, God
Conquistadors were given grants to explore in the Americas
Spain received 1/5 or 20% of any riches discovered

3. Cortes conquers the Aztecs Remember CAM
In 1519, Cortes landed in eastern Mexico and attacked the Aztecs at their capital, Tenochtitlan (present day Mexico City)
Aztec leader, Montezuma was captured—then killed
Cortes was later forced to leave the city
In 1521, Cortes retook the city aided by diseases (smallpox) that weakened the Aztecs

4. Pizarro conquers the Inca
In 1532, Pizarro sailed down the coast of the Pacific to present day Peru
Captured and killed their ruler, Atahualpa, and gained control of their empire
Remember PIA

5. How did Spain succeed?
The Spanish had weapons such as guns and cannons, horses and dogs
Assisted in conquering the Aztecs by other Native groups
Diseases (smallpox)

6. Spain in North America
In 1513, Juan Ponce de Leon explored present day Florida, looking for gold and the “fountain of youth”
Others went looking for the Seven Cities of Cibola such as:
Hernando de Soto, who spent 3 years in the southeast of present day U.S., crossing the Mississippi R.
Coronado, who explored Arizona, New Mexico and saw the Grand Canyon

7. Spanish Social Classes
Top—Peninsulares-people born in Spain
Creoles—born in Americas to Spanish parents
Mestizos—Spanish and Native American parents
Native Americans
Enslaved Africans

8. Spanish Rule 3 Kinds of Settlements
Pueblos—centers of trade
Missions—religious centers, with farms and churches
Ex. San Diego
Presidios—forts to protect missions

9. Encomienda and the Plantation System
Spanish gov’t granted rights to demand labor and taxes from Natives—in reality turned them in to slaves—A priest named Las Casas called for an end to the system
Plantations were started to export sugar cane and tobacco—used Native Americans and then Africans as laborers

10. Topics for Quiz Ch. 2 Sect. 2 & 3
Portuguese explorers
Spanish explorers/conquistadors
Columbus--traits
Vocab—Line of Demarcation
Portuguese trading in Africa—gold and slaves
Encomienda and social classes