1. Smart Cities Expo World Forum, 01-Sep-2017
Choosing Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWANs) for the Internet of Things (IoT)
Dr Boyd Murray 2017
Murray Wireless
E : W: M:
Linked-In:
Smart Cities Expo World Forum, 01-Sep-2017

2. Outline Introduction What are IoT & LPWAN? LPWAN Comparison
How to Choose an LPWAN
Resources
Q&A
Outline
Introduction
What are IoT & LPWAN?
LPWAN Comparison
How to Choose an LPWAN
Resources
Q&A

3. Introduction
What are IoT & LPWAN?
LPWAN Comparison
How to Choose an LPWAN
Resources
Q&A
Abstract
Who is Dr Boyd Murray?
Abstract
The Internet of Things (IoT) is the next big thing in the wireless revolution. It is a natural evolution of the Internet and, as the name suggests, goes beyond the connection of people to the Internet by connecting ‘things’ such as computers, machines, & sensors. The use of Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWANs) as the communications medium makes for a ‘killer app’ which will explode onto the world in millions of applications and implementations over the next decade.

4. Who Is Dr Boyd Murray? Telys AWA Plessey Patents (Details on LinkedIn)
Introduction
What are IoT & LPWAN?
LPWAN Comparison
How to Choose an LPWAN
Resources
Q&A
Abstract
Who is Dr Boyd Murray?
Who Is Dr Boyd Murray?
Lifelong fascination with wireless (1’st transmitter at 8)
Education: BEng (Elec), MEng (Telecoms), PhD (Telecoms)
Employee: AWA, Plessey, Optus, CSIRO, Macquarie Uni
CSIRO’s wireless technology analyst & Wi-Fi rep (12 years)
Startup Founder:
Telys (VoIP)
Murray Wireless (consulting/design/deployment)
Patents (Details on LinkedIn)
6Gbit/s Shorthaul (2-5km) Backhaul Point-to-Point mmWave Radio System Operating at e-Band (70-80GHz)
Multi-Gbit/s Longhaul (10-40km) Backhaul Point-to-Point mmWave Radio System Aggregating Vacant Channel in the 6, 8, & 12GHz Microwave Bands
Publications: (Details on LinkedIn)
Telys
AWA
Plessey

5. What Are IoT & LPWAN? IoT Overview Wireless Network Categories
Introduction
What are IoT & LPWAN?
LPWAN Comparison
How to Choose an LPWAN
Resources
Q&A
IoT Overview
Wireless Network Categories
Killer App: LPWAN
What Are IoT & LPWAN?
IoT Overview
Wireless Network Categories
Killer App: LPWAN
10m
100m
50km
>50km

6. IoT Overview IoT = Internet of Things
Introduction
What are IoT & LPWAN?
LPWAN Comparison
How to Choose an LPWAN
Resources
Q&A
IoT Overview
Wireless Network Categories
Killer App: LPWAN
IoT Overview
IoT = Internet of Things
Coined in 1999 by Kevin Ashton for RFID
Sometimes referred to as IoE (Internet of Everything)
Classical Internet connects people to information servers
IoT is a network of  ’things’ (objects)
Physical devices, vehicles, buildings, etc
‘Things’ are embedded with electronics, software, sensors, and ...
Network connectivity (fixed and wireless)
10m
100m
50km
>50km
KILLER APP
KILLER APP

7. Wireless Networking Categories
Introduction
What are IoT & LPWAN?
LPWAN Comparison
How to Choose an LPWAN
Resources
Q&A
IoT Overview
Wireless Network Categories
Killer App: LPWAN
Wireless Networking Categories
NOTE: IoT participates in ALL of these categories
PAN = Personal Area Network
BAN = Body Area Network
LAN = Local Area Network
WLAN = Wireless Local Area Network
MAN = Metropolitan Area Network
WAN = Wide Area Network
LPWAN = Low Power Wide Area Network

8. Wireless Networking Categories
Introduction
What are IoT & LPWAN?
LPWAN Comparison
How to Choose an LPWAN
Resources
Q&A
IoT Overview
Wireless Network Categories
Killer App: LPWAN
Wireless Networking Categories
NOTE: IoT participates in ALL of these categories
2G GSM
3G UMTS/HSPA
4G LTE
4.5G LTE-A
4.5G LTE-M
4.5G NB-LTE-M
4.5G NB-IoT
(LPWAN)
SigFOX
LoRaWAN
Neul 5G
Ingenu
10m
100m
<50km
>50km
(WLAN)
(BAN)

9. Killer App: LPWAN Not ... Use scenario
Introduction
What are IoT & LPWAN?
LPWAN Comparison
How to Choose an LPWAN
Resources
Q&A
IoT Overview
Wireless Network Categories
Killer App: LPWAN
Killer App: LPWAN
LPWAN = Low Power Wide Area Network
Features
Low power (enabled by low datarates & frequency bandwidths)
Long battery life (because of low power)
Low data rates (opposite of cellular)
Largish Range (3-30km) (enabled by low datarates)
Low frequency bandwidths (enabled by low datarates)
Small size of user equipment (enabled by low power, small batteries)
Low cost
Easy remote deployment (enabled by wireless networking & low-power/long battery life)
Remote processing enabler (complex processing referred to ‘The Cloud’, enabled by wireless networking, allows small low-powered devices)
Not ...
Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee <- Short range
2G, 3G, 4G <- High-power
Use scenario
Remote metering/sensing/control

10. LPWAN Comparison Introduction What are IoT & LPWAN? LPWAN Comparison
How to Choose an LPWAN
Resources
Q&A
LPWAN Comparison
Technology
Taggle
Sigfox
LoraWAN
Ingenu/On-Ramp
Neul Weightless
LTE Cat-M1
LTE Cat-M2 (NB-IoT)
Origin
Australia
France
USA UK
Europe ETSI 3GPP
Founded/Released
2007
2009
2015
2013
2016
2017
Frequency
ISM 915MHz? 2.4GHz?
MHz (ISM)
ISM bands: MHz MHz MHz (Australia)
2.4GHz (ISM)
900MHz (ISM) 458MHz (UK) MHz (White Space)
Reuse 2G,3G,4G frequencies
Max Urban Range (99% Reliability)
9.5km
7.2km
4.6km
4.1km
0.6km
Suburban/Rural Range
30-50km
15km
20km
5-50km
Max Link budget
156dB
151dB
163dB
147dB
Channel Bandwidth
100Hz
125kHz
1MHz
200Hz
1.4MHz
192kHz In-band, guard-band, stand-alone
Spectrum efficiency (bps/Hz)
Low
Very low
Medium
High
Duplex
Uplink only
Uplink mainly Downlink is only after uplink
Half-duplex: Uplink Full-Duplex Other?
Half-duplex: Uplink
Full-Duplex
Nodes per Gateway
Large (due to Spread Spectrum)
50000
40000
20000
Scalability
Simultaneous Demod Capacity 25 8
4000 64
Security
16 bit
32 bit
AES 128 bit No
bit
Minimum Node cost $2
US$29 $5
$19
Battery Lifetime
10 years
1-5 years
Better than Cat-M1
Modulation
DSSS (Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum)
UL: DBPSK DL: GFSK
CSS (Chirp Spread Spectrum)
DSSS (Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum) RPMA (Random Phase Multi Access)
UL: SC-FDMA DL: OFDM
Packet Size
UL: ~ 12 bytes (varies) DL: 8 bytes
UL: Bytes DL: Bytes
Packet Rate
UL: ~24/day/node
UL: 140/day/node DL: 4/day/node
Unlimited
UL: 100kB/day/node
Transmitter Power
19dBm
Data Rates
bps
300bps -50kbps (adaptive)
624kbps (Uplink) 156kbps (Downlink)
Few bps up to 100kbps
2Mbps
200kbps

11. LPWAN Comparison (Cont’d)
Introduction
What are IoT & LPWAN?
LPWAN Comparison
How to Choose an LPWAN
Resources
Q&A
LPWAN Comparison (Cont’d)
Technology
Taggle
Sigfox
LoraWAN
Ingenu/On-Ramp
Neul Weightless
LTE Cat-M1
LTE Cat-M2 (NB-IoT)
# Deployments
100+ 30 10
Starting 2017
First commercial project
2010
2014
2013
Rollouts
Australia: 21 Water Utilities > 100,000 devices
Europe, USA, Australia, NZ
Europe: France, Holland (KPN), Switzerland, Belgium Africa: South Africa Asia: SK Telecom (South Korea) Australia: 2016/2017: NNNCo – Ergon trial in Townsville, QLD 2016: Meshed – small number of gateways - Castlecrag, Wollongong, UTS, Barangaroo, JCU, others??
38 Networks deployed worldwide
James Cook Uni
Application
Smart meters
Various sensors
Verticals
Water industry
Operators
Taggle (Aus)
National Franchisees Thinxtra (Aus)
Private (mainly) A few national Telcos Meshed (Aus) NNNCo (Aus)
IoTOz (Aus)
Telcos
Other Info
On-Ramp rebranded to Ingenu on 11-Sep Rumours about Oz deployment.
Acquired by Huawei in Sep-2014
Rapid deployment: Software upgrade to existing basestations
Also: Suez 169MHz LPWAN technology
Significant rollouts in Europe
Mainly water utilities
Proprietary – so details sketchy
For more detail on these LPWAN technologies,
see previous slide presentations at:

12. How to Choose an LPWAN Technical Considerations Ecosystem Costs
Introduction
What are IoT & LPWAN?
LPWAN Comparison
How to Choose an LPWAN
Resources
Q&A
Technical
Ecosystem
Costs
Business
Taggle
Thinxtra
Meshed
How to Choose an LPWAN
Technical Considerations
Ecosystem
Costs
Business Considerations
Tips from Taggle (Taggle)
Tips from Thinxtra (Sigfox)
Tips from Meshed (LoRaWAN)

13. Technical Considerations
Introduction
What are IoT & LPWAN?
LPWAN Comparison
How to Choose an LPWAN
Resources
Q&A
Technical
Ecosystem
Costs
Business
Taggle
Thinxtra
Meshed
Technical Considerations
Usage case: LPWAN providers all agree that certain usage cases fit certain LPWAN technologies
Power, battery, spectrum, datarate, range/coverage requirements
Duplexing
SigFox is mainly uplink
But ... do you really need the downlink?
Security
Eaves-dropping
Spoofing
Hacking
Software upgradeability
Basestations
Nodes (need downlink)
Is this really necessary?
Capacity
Nodes/gateway
Transmissions/day/gateway
Collisions, dropped packets, retransmits
Multiple chipset sources
LoRaWAN: Single source Semtech
Licensed/Unlicensed spectrum?
Reliability
Interference from other unlicensed/class-licensed spectrum users
Global Roaming
Needed for international asset tracking (couriers, containers, etc)
Must be able to automatically support frequencies in different countries
4G vs 5G 4G
Larger cell-sizes
Larger protocol overhead
More Tx power -> shorter battery life 5G
Opposite of above
Note: NB-IoT is 4G

14. Introduction
What are IoT & LPWAN?
LPWAN Comparison
How to Choose an LPWAN
Resources
Q&A
Technical
Ecosystem
Costs
Business
Taggle
Thinxtra
Meshed
Ecosystem
Most IoT systems users want an integrated ‘vertical’ solution
This very important !!!
Basestations
Nodes/Sensors
Platform
Support
Local or overseas?
This can be a deal-breaker!

15. Costs Capex Opex Question: DIY or pay someone else? Equipment
Introduction
What are IoT & LPWAN?
LPWAN Comparison
How to Choose an LPWAN
Resources
Q&A
Technical
Ecosystem
Costs
Business
Taggle
Thinxtra
Meshed
Costs
Capex
Equipment
Installation
Commissioning
LoRaWAN, Sigfox: Require new network rollout
NB-IoT: Only software upgrade to existing network
Opex
Maintenance
Overheads
Operations staff or 3’rd party support
SIMs (NB-IoT)
Spectrum (NB-IoT)
Question: DIY or pay someone else?

16. Business Considerations
Introduction
What are IoT & LPWAN?
LPWAN Comparison
How to Choose an LPWAN
Resources
Q&A
Technical
Ecosystem
Costs
Business
Taggle
Thinxtra
Meshed
Business Considerations
Is there a clear & profitable business case?
Readiness for Market
SigFox, LoRaWAN, Neul standards have existed for several years
Sigfox: LPWAN being rolled out in ANZ right now
LoRaWAN: Rollouts only local (not national) in Australia
Will there ever be a national LoRaWAN network?
NB-IoT: Due ‘sometime’ 2017
Will first-to-market dominate in each national market?
Well-respected standard?
3GPP is the world-dominant cellular standards body
Produced 2G, 3G, 4G standards
Equipment used world-wide
LTE-M1 & NB-IoT are just software upgrades to existing basestations
NB-IoT already very popular
Very fast rollout for regional/national networks (due 2017-Q3)
Longevity of Standard/Technology/Operator
Some utility contracts last for decades
Will the Standard/Technology/Operator be around/supported then?

17. Tips from Taggle Technical Ecosystem Costs Business Taggle Thinxtra
Introduction
What are IoT & LPWAN?
LPWAN Comparison
How to Choose an LPWAN
Resources
Q&A
Technical
Ecosystem
Costs
Business
Taggle
Thinxtra
Meshed
Tips from Taggle
3. LPWAN Technology Choice
Is the technology offered commercially proven or is it still in development phase?
If still in development, what are the risks?
Where else has it been used?
Is the technology appropriate for the data acquisition task? One-way or two-way comms? High Data rates? Small or large data packets? Long or short range? All of these contribute to the cost of endpoints.
Do endpoints have features built-in which could be achieved more cost-effectively in the cloud? For large deployments, it’s better to do processing in the cloud to keep the cost of the endpoint to a minimum.
Need to keep the cost of endpoints to  a minimum! Batteries are the most expensive component so everything should be done to reduce the power required.
What’s the future of the chosen technology?
If using a managed service, is there any flexibility in the technology available?
What about security? What are the pros and cons of the security offered by a one-way and two-way systems?
4. Taggle
Australian company
Developed its own LPWA technology
Local support and flexibility for further development
Offers Australia’s most commercially successful LPWA network (>20 water utilities, universities etc)
Data acquisition as a managed service with agreed service levels
Proven data delivery business model
Provides communication endpoints guaranteed to work with Taggle network
Thorough research & development, particularly in relation to battery technology, results in devices tried, tested and proven to work under a wide range of Australian conditions
Takes responsibility for all communications issues as part of its managed service
Cost effective – why use expensive comms like 3G to collect small amounts of data from very large numbers of endpoints?
Flexible approach to the future of LPWANs – Taggle is and will continue to add new comms technologies as they are proven and demanded by customers. Current roadmap includes adding LoRa and NB-IoT to Taggle’s Managed Network as a Service.
Taggle focuses on collecting data allowing its customer to focus on extracting value from the data.
1. Set clear objectives
What data is to be collected?
How frequently?
What volume?
What will it be used for?
How will it be analysed?
How much is it worth to collect the data? (No point spending $10m to ultimately save $100k!)
Is there a clear business case?
Does the business case include the tangible as well as intangible benefits and costs?
2. Next, more questions
Will the LPWAN be self-managed or will it be outsourced?
If self-managed, do we have the in-house resources already or do we have to hire new expertise? Will the supplier be there to offer support?
If outsourced, does the LPWAN supplier provide its services to agreed service levels?
Does the LPWAN supplier also supply the endpoint communication devices or do we need to provide our own?
If we have to provide our own endpoint devices, where does responsibility for broken communications fall? How will disputes be settled?

18. Tips from Thinxtra (SigFox)
Introduction
What are IoT & LPWAN?
LPWAN Comparison
How to Choose an LPWAN
Resources
Q&A
Technical
Ecosystem
Costs
Business
Taggle
Thinxtra
Meshed
Tips from Thinxtra (SigFox)
3. NB-IoT
Licensed band
Promoted by Telcos - reassuring for a lot of customers
But Telcos won’t supply SLA.
Ideal when you need to send larger amount of data: traffic light configuration, alarm panel, near real time gps tracking (every minute). electricity grid (switch between grid & solar battery in near real time)
Not available realistically before late 2018
No real ecosystem of solutions before 2018
Will be very expensive because licensed band & telcos.
Higher power consumption.
Higher cost of module ( US$7 vs $2.80 for Sigfox) = higher cost of device too.
4. Sigfox
For the things that don’t have much to say (up to 12bytes and max 140 messages/day) \
Low cost
For monitoring unexpensive assets: gps tracking shopping trolleys, pallets, bottle of gas, cattle... monitoring pest traps, lights, exit signs, temperature of crates, door open/close
Quite mature technology at this stage
Main advantages : lowest costs of devices & connectivity and lowest power consumption.
3 different modules for all international zones but same footprint on printed-circuit boards
Sigfox technology is simpler to develop than Lora or NB-IoT
Murata just released joint Sigfox/LoRa chip
1. Usage Case
LPWAN providers all agree that certain usage cases fit certain LPWAN technologies.
2. Comments on LoRaWAN
LoRa is a community network & private network where you can select frequency, size of packets, back-end.
Good when you want to send more than 12 bytes at a time and you want your own private network.
Not good when connecting 10 of thousands of devices (not even talking millions here) in a specific area and not good if you require nationwide coverage.
Not good if your are not techie as well (you need to set up your back end, build the network).
Ideal case could be water quality monitoring in a specific area, smart grid monitoring, smart parking of busy parking spots, research.
May not be many requirements outside of the above areas for LoRa as NB-IoT will take over the other applications.
2. Comments on Ingenu
Arrived late
Interesting technology on paper
Expensive to implement
Power hungry for devices
Hasn’t grown outside a few cities in USA
WeightlessP same as Ingenu, except starting from Europe

19. Tips from Meshed (LoRa)
Introduction
What are IoT & LPWAN?
LPWAN Comparison
How to Choose an LPWAN
Resources
Q&A
Technical
Ecosystem
Costs
Business
Taggle
Thinxtra
Meshed
Tips from Meshed (LoRa)
4. How Much Data?
Sigfox is max 140 messages per day at 12 bytes each
LoRaWAN is more
NB-IoT will be more again
5. Availability of Technology
Now: LoRaWAN, Sigfox
12-18 months: NB-IoT
Area not well serviced by carriers - use LoRaWAN
Connectivity in a large number of locations – use now, NB-IoT later
6. Power, Battery Life
LoRaWAN and Sigfox are very low power/long battery life
NB-IoT is likely to be higher power/shorter battery life
1. Network Ownership
Pay per use (carrier model e.g. NB-IoT, Sigfox)?
Or own the network yourself (eg. LoRaWAN)
Note: Some international telcos (e.g. KT) already operate LoRa & that may happen also in Australia
2. Data Passage
Consider where your data goes
Must it pass through some-one else’s network (e.g. Sigfox, other carriers)?
Or do you have full control (LoRaWAN)?
3. Two-way Data
Uplink only (Sigfox)
Uplink & Downlink (LoRaWAN)

20. Resources: Industry/Interest Groups/Blogs/News
Introduction
What are IoT & LPWAN?
LPWAN Comparison
How to Choose an LPWAN
Resources
Q&A
Resources: Industry/Interest Groups/Blogs/News
Engineers Australia - Applied IOT Engineering Community:
Everything IoT:
Internet of Everything:
IoT Australia News:
IoT Hub:
IoT Sydney:
IoT Startup Hub (Vodafone, LX Group):
Utility Magazine:
Others

21. Questions? Dr Boyd Murray, BEng, MEng, PhD
Introduction
What are IoT & LPWAN?
LPWAN Comparison
How to Choose an LPWAN
Resources
Q&A
Questions?
Dr Boyd Murray, BEng, MEng, PhD
Director, Principal Consultant
Murray Wireless
E : W: M:
LinkedIn:
A: 9 Bedford Road NORTH EPPING NSW AUSTRALIA
Consulting
Wireless network RF planning
Wireless link design
Wireless system deployments
Wireless Communications
Project management
Systems Engineering
Electronic Design
Modulations: OFDM/Wi-Fi/3G/4G/LTE/IoT
Test/Verification
FPGA Firmware & Hardware
Microwave/RF Engineering
Digital Signal Processing
Simulations – Matlab, Simulink
Standards
Lecturing / Training