1. The equation below represents a balanced chemical reaction:
Warm-Up 12/18/2016
The equation below represents a balanced chemical reaction:
2 Mg(s) + O2(g)  2 MgO (s)
How many moles of MgO are produced when 7.2 moles of O2 react with excess Mg?
3.6 moles
14.4 moles
22.3 moles
29 moles

2. Complete the following chart

3. Practice Complete the following chart3

4. Practice Problems
Determine if each of the following solutions is acidic, basic, or neutral:
a. [H+] = 6 x 10-10
b. [OH-] = 3 x 10-2
c. [H+] = 2 x 10-7
d. [OH-] = 1 x 10-7
Begin 1st , 3rd

5. What is the pH and the pOH of the following?
1) M HCl
2) M NaOH
3).0025 M H2SO4
4) M Ca(OH)2

6. Molarity
A measurement of the concentration of a solution
Molarity (M)= is equal to the moles of solute (mol) per liter of solution
M = mol/ L

7. Practice
Calculate the molarity of a solution prepared by mixing 1.5 g of NaCl in mL of water.

8. Practice
How many grams of LiOH is needed to prepare mL of a 1.25 M solution?

9. Practice
What is the concentration of mL of mol of HCl?
What volume of M LiOH will contain g of LiOH?

10. Practice
What is the concentration of 35.0 mL of moles of KCl?
How many grams of KCl is needed to prepare mL of a 0.10 M solution?

11. Molarity and Dilutions
The act of diluting a solution is to simply add more water (the solvent) thus leaving the amount of solute unchanged.
A relationship can be established such that
M1V1=M2V2

12. Molarity and Dilution
Given a 6.00 M HCl solution, how would you prepare mL of M HCl?

13. Practice
Calculate the molarity of a solution prepared by diluting 25.0 mL of 0.05 M potassium iodide with 50.0 mL of water?

14. Practice
A 50.0 gram sample of NaOH is dissolved in L of water. What volume of this solution would be needed to create a 1.5 L solution that is M NaOH?

15. Practice
A concentrated solution of sulfuric acid, H2SO4, has a concentration of 18.0 M. How many milliliters of the concentrated acid would be required to make 250. mL of a 1.00 M H2SO4 solution?

16. Practice
53.4 mL of a 1.50 M solution of NaCl is on hand, but you need some M solution. How many mL of M can you make?

17. Warm-Up 12/20/2016
What volume is needed to store 105 grams of helium gas at 202.6kPa and ˚C?

18. Neutralization Reactions
Neutralization reactions occur when an acid and base react
The products of any neutralization reaction is always a SALT and WATER
Indicators change color in during a neutralization reaction

19. Examples: NaCl, MgF2, FeSO4
Salts
A salt is a compound that contains a metal and nonmetal other than H and OH
Examples: NaCl, MgF2, FeSO4

20. Examples of Neutralization Reactions
Neutralization reactions are double displacement reactions
HCl + KOH  H2O + KCl
Examples:
a. H2SO4 + Mg(OH)2  H2O + MgSO4
b. H3PO4 + LiOH  H2O + Li3PO4

21. Titration
Titration is a neutralization reaction that is used to determine the concentration of an unknown substance
In a titration, a substance with a known concentration is used with an indicator
Burette-the common lab equipment used to deliver a liquid substance to another liquid substance

23. Titration Curve

24. Examples: Red Cabbage is pink in acids and blue-green in bases
Indicators
Indicators are organic substances that change color in the presence of acids and bases
Examples: Red Cabbage is pink in acids and blue-green in bases
Phenolphthalein

25. Indicator Ranges
Indicator Kind pH range
Litmus – 8
Methyl Orange
Phenolphthalein

26. Example Question
The chart below shows the characteristics of several common acid-base indicators
Which indicator would appear to be yellow in a solution with a hydrogen ion concentration of 1.0 x 10-7 ?
Indicator
pH Range
Color Range
Bromocresol Green
Yellow to Blue
Congo Red
Blue to Red
Phenol Red
Yellow to Red
Indigo Carmine
Blue to Yellow

27. Solving for Titrations
How many mL of a 3 M NaOH solutions are required to completely neutralize 20.0 mL of 1.5 M HCl?

28. Practice # 2
What is the molarity of a solution of LiOH if 15.0 mL of the solution is required to neutralize 20.0 mL of 2M HCl?

29. Practice # 3
What volume, in mL, of 0.25 M Acetic Acid is required to neutralize 30.0 mL of 0.05 M of Cesium Hydroxide?

30. Practice # 4
What volume of M HClO4 solutions is needed to neutralize mL of M NaOH?

31. Practice # 5
What volume, in mL, of M HCl is needed to neutralize 2.87 g of NaOH?

32. Homework
If it takes 54 mL of 0.1 M NaOH to neutralize 125 mL of an HCl solution, what is the concentration of the HCl?
If it takes 25 mL of 0.05 M HCl to neutralize 345 mL of NaOH solution, what is the concentration of the NaOH solution?

33. A Broader Definition of Acids and Bases
In the more inclusive Brønsted-Lowry model, an acid is a hydrogen-ion donor and a base is a hydrogen-ion acceptor.
When a Brønsted-Lowry acid donates a hydrogen ion, a conjugate base is formed.
When a Brønsted-Lowry base accepts a hydrogen ion, a conjugate acid is formed.
Two substances related to each other by the donating and accepting of a single hydrogen ion are a conjugate acid-base pair.

34. Identifying Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs
Identify the conjugate acid-base pairs in this reacton.
A hydrogen ion is donated by HClO2, which is the Brønsted-Lowry acid in the forward reaction.
The resulting conjugate base is ClO2–.
The base in the forward reaction is H2O, which accepts a hydrogen ion to form the conjugate acid H3O+.