1. The Digestive System
Digestive System Test (just information from this packet)
April 7, 2017
DV lessons 9-10 Quiz: April 11, 2017

2. Functions of the digestive system
Ingestion: intake of food and liquids into the body. The process of physical or mechanical digestion begins with the teeth and the tongue during ________________________.
Digestion: food is broken down into smaller pieces. Digestion can be physical or chemical. Physical digestion breaks the food down into smaller physical parts while chemical digestion breaks the food down into smaller _______________________________ compounds.
Absorption: nutrients leave the digestive tract and enter the bloodstream then enter cells.
Elimination: solid waste (undigested food, and unused fiber, fat, protein and bacteria) is eliminated or ___________________________________________.
Mastication
chemical
defecation

3. Organs and Structures of the Digestive System can be broken up into the alimentary canal (oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, rectum, and anus) and the accessory organs (teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas).

4. Oral Cavity labia buccae uvula Mouth: food enters the mouth.
The _____________________ protects the anterior opening of the mouth and the __________________________________ form the lateral walls of the mouth.
The anterior of the roof is made up the hard palate and the posterior is made up of the soft palate.
The ______________________________ hangs from the soft palate which covers the nasopharynx (nose and throat) when swallowing.
A mucous membrane lining covers the entire mouth
labia
buccae
uvula

5. Tongue Muscular organ attached to the base of the mouth
Aids in mastication
________________________ on the tongue contain taste buds and taste buds have taste receptors
Necessary for speech production
papillae

6. Teeth: divided into two major regions- the crown and the root
Crown: the part of tooth above the gum line
Root: part embedded below the gum line
The tooth is composed of three layers: enamel, dentin, and pulp
Enamel: hard covering
Dentin: bone like material
_________________________: extends into the root; contains blood vessels, nerves and connective tissue
pulp

8. Salivary glands: the mouth contains three salivary glands that secrete the enzyme amylase (an enzyme that helps break down starches).
_____________________________ gland: under the tongue
Submandibular gland: floor of the mouth
___________________: found anterior to the ________________________
sublingual
parotid
ears

9. Pharynx/throat: Broken into three parts
Laryngopharynx: pathway for food, fluids and air. When ________________________ occurs, epiglottis covers the trachea and the muscular action of ____________________________ brings the food down
deglutition
peristalsis

10. Esophagus: mucous membrane-lined muscular tube that connects the pharynx with the stomach
__________________________________ sphincter controls the flow of substances between the esophagus and the stomach
Cardiac sphincter

11. Stomach: sac-like organ composed of three parts
Fundus: upper round portion of the stomach
Body: main section
Antrum: lower section
Contains folds in the lining called _____________________. Rugae produce gastric fluids that aid in digestion
gastric juices + partially digested food = ________________
stomach is connected to the small intestine by the pylorus which is controlled by the __________________________ sphincter.
Rugae
chyme
pyloric

13. Small Intestine: chemical digestion continues; longest stretch of digestion
Three parts of the small intestine all lined with villi to increase surface area
Duodenum: receives food from stomach and is digested by bile from the liver and gallbladder and pancreatic juices from the pancreas
Jejunum: nutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, & minerals) are absorbed into the bloodstream
Ileum: site of vitamin B12 absorption; ileum joins the large intestine at the cecum, controlled by the ___________________________ valve (sphincter muscle)
ileocecal

14. Colon/large intestine: water absorption; lined with goblet cells that secrete mucous
Six parts of the colon or large intestine
Cecum: pouch that connects small and large intestine; appendix attached
Ascending colon: travels upward from cecum to underside of liver
Transverse colon: ______________________________________ crosses the abdomen
Descending colon: travels from transverse colon to sigmoid colon
Sigmoid colon/sigmoid: connects to _______________________
Rectum: storage area for solid wastes
Anus: opening at the end of the digestive tract which fecal waste is eliminated through
horizontally
rectum

16. Accessory organs Liver Gallbladder Storage of nutrients
Filtration and removal of chemicals, waste products, and old RBCs
Converts glycogen to glucose
Produces ____________________ to help break down fatty foods
Gallbladder
Stores ________________________________
bile
bile

17. Pancreas: produces many enzymes for digestion
Amylase: helps break down carbohydrates
Lipase: helps breakdown _________________________________
Protease: helps breakdown proteins
Insulin: hormone that aids in the absorption of sugar
fats

19. Digestive Diseases & Disorders
Appendicitis: inflammation of the _____________________________________; caused by a blockage
appendix

20. Celiac disease: malabsorption syndrome characterized by weight loss and diarrhea. Thought to be caused by food containing ____________________________________.
gluten

21. Cholelithiasis: abnormal condition of _____________________ in the _________________________________
stones
gallbladder

22. Cirrhosis: scarring of the liver due to alcohol, drugs, or a virus

23. Hepatitis: inflammation of the ___________________________ usually caused by viral infection
Hep A: acute; food contaminated by the feces of infected person
Hep B: chronic; transmitted by blood or bodily fluids, usually through childbirth or sexual contact
Hep C: chronic; transmitted by blood or bodily fluids, usually through blood transfusions or drug needles
liver