1. tHE lord’s supper: A Holy Meal
The Practice Of The Early Church
tHE lord’s supper: A Holy Meal

2. Part One: A Feast Focused on the Future
Luke 22 & Acts 2

3. Catholic: Transubstantiation

4. Catholic: Transubstantiation Lutheran: Consubstantiation

5. Catholic: Transubstantiation Lutheran: Consubstantiation
Baptist: Memorial View

6. Catholic: Transubstantiation Lutheran: Consubstantiation
Baptist: Memorial View
Reformed: Spiritual Presence

7. And God said, "This is the sign of the covenant that I make between me and you and every living creature I have set my bow in the cloud, and it shall be a sign of the covenant When I bring clouds over the earth and the bow is seen in the clouds, I will remember my covenant When the bow is in the clouds, I will see it and remember the everlasting covenant "
— Genesis 9:14-16 (ESV)

8. During those many days the king of Egypt died, and the people of Israel groaned because of their slavery and cried out for help And God heard their groaning, and God remembered his covenant with Abraham, with Isaac, and with Jacob.
— Exodus 2: (ESV)

9. For thus says the Lord GOD:
“. . . I will remember my covenant with you in the days of your youth, and I will establish for you an everlasting covenant.”
— Ezekiel 16:59-60 (ESV)

10. Part One: A Feast Focused on the Future
Luke 22 & Acts 2

11. Luke 22:7-13

12. Luke 22:14-16

13. Blessed are those who are invited to the marriage supper of the Lamb."
"Let us rejoice and be glad and give the glory to Him, for the marriage of the Lamb has come and His bride has made herself ready . . .
Blessed are those who are invited to the marriage supper of the Lamb."
— Revelation 19:7, 9 (NASV)

14. “The Passover celebrated two events, the deliverance from Egypt and the anticipated coming Messianic deliverance”
—Fritz Reinecker,
Linguistic Key to the Greek New Testament
p. 207

15. "I say to you, that many shall come from east and west, and recline at the table with Abraham, and Isaac, and Jacob, in the kingdom of heaven.”
— Matthew 8:11 (NASV)

16. "Blessed is everyone who shall eat bread in the kingdom of God!“
"I say to you, that many shall come from east and west, and recline at the table with Abraham, and Isaac, and Jacob, in the kingdom of heaven.”
— Matthew 8:11 (NASV)
"Blessed is everyone who shall eat bread in the kingdom of God!“
— Luke 14:15 (NASV)

17. "Blessed is everyone who shall eat bread in the kingdom of God!“
"I say to you, that many shall come from east and west, and recline at the table with Abraham, and Isaac, and Jacob, in the kingdom of heaven.”
— Matthew 8:11 (NASV)
"Blessed is everyone who shall eat bread in the kingdom of God!“
— Luke 14:15 (NASV)
“Behold, I stand at the door and knock; if anyone hears My voice and opens the door, I will come in to him, and will dine with him, and he with Me.”
— Revelation 3:20 (NASV)

18. Moses and seventy of the elders of Israel went up, and they saw the God of Israel. There was under his feet as it were a pavement of sapphire stone, like the very heaven for clearness. And he did not lay his hand on the chief men of the people of Israel; they beheld God, and ate and drank.
— Exodus 24:9-11 (ESV)

19. Luke 22:17-18

20. Luke 22:19

21. “Remembrance” (Lk 22:19)

22. “Remembrance” (Lk 22:19)
anamnesis

23. amnesis (“amnesia”) = “forget”
“Remembrance” (Lk 22:19)
anamnesis
an = “not”
amnesis (“amnesia”) = “forget”

24. amnesis (“amnesia”) = “forget” anamnesis = “remembrance” = “reminder”
“Remembrance” (Lk 22:19)
anamnesis
an = “not”
amnesis (“amnesia”) = “forget”
anamnesis = “remembrance”
= “reminder”
Baurer, Arndt, Gingrich, & Danker
A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature

27. “unto my reminder” (Lk 22:19)

28. “unto my reminder” (Lk 22:19)
To whom does the reminder belong?

29. “unto my reminder” (Lk 22:19)
To whom does the reminder belong?
Is the reminder for us?

30. “unto my reminder” (Lk 22:19)
To whom does the reminder belong?
Is the reminder for us?
— or —
Is the reminder for Jesus?

31. "That's my picture!“

32. The picture belongs to me
"That's my picture!“
The picture belongs to me
I own it

33. I am the subject of the picture (but I might not own it)
"That's my picture!“
I am the subject of the picture (but I might not own it)

34. The reminder can belong to Jesus — Or —
The reminder can be about Jesus

35. The standard word for “my” = mou

36. The standard word for “my” = mou Mou is grammatically ambiguous

37. The standard word for “my” = mou Mou is grammatically ambiguous
The reminder could be about Jesus or
it could belong to Jesus

38. The standard word for “my” = mou Mou is grammatically ambiguous
The reminder could be about Jesus or
it could belong to Jesus

39. The emphatic word for “my” = emos

40. The emphatic word for “my” = emos
Emos more specifically denotes possession

41. The emphatic word for “my” = emos
Emos more specifically denotes possession
Jesus said emos, not mou

42. The emphatic word for “my” = emos
Emos more specifically denotes possession
Jesus said emos, not mou
This strongly suggests that the reminder actually belongs to Jesus!

43. “The Lord’s Supper would thus be an enacted prayer.”
Dr. Joachim Jeremias said that Jesus used anamnesis in the sense of a reminder for God:
“The Lord’s Supper would thus be an enacted prayer.”
J. Jeremias, Professor of Theology, University of Leipzig, Germany
New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology
Vol. III, p. 244

44. Luke 22:20

45. ‘Take and eat; this is my body.’ ”
“While they were eating, Jesus took bread, gave thanks and broke it, and gave it to his disciples, saying,
‘Take and eat; this is my body.’ ”
— Matthew 26:26 (NIV)

46. “Supper” (Lk 22:20) = deipnon

47. “Supper” (Lk 22:20) = deipnon
“the main meal toward evening, banquet”
Baurer, Arndt, Gingrich, & Danker
A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature

48. Jesus: “A certain man was preparing a great banquet (deipnon) and invited many guests”
— Luke 14:16 (NIV)

49. Jesus: “A certain man was preparing a great banquet (deipnon) and invited many guests”
— Luke 14:16 (NIV)
“Blessed are those who are invited to the wedding supper (deipnon) of the Lamb!”
— Revelation 19:9 (NIV)

50. The Last Supper occurred in the context of the Passover Feast

51. The Last Supper occurred in the context of the Passover Feast
Would the Twelve have somehow deduced that future Lord’s Suppers were not to be true meals?

52. “Holy Communion was not simply a token meal as with us, but an actual meal. Moreover it seems clear that it was a meal to which each of the participants brought food"
Canon Leon Morris
Principal of Ridley College, Melbourne, Australia
Commentary On First Corinthians
Tyndale New Testament Commentary
Inter-Varsity Press, 1976
p. 158

53. "The name Lord's Supper, though legitimately derived from 1 Cor 11v20, is not there applied to the sacrament itself, but to the Love Feast or Agape, a meal commemorating the Last Supper, and not yet separated from the Eucharist when St. Paul wrote."
J G Simpson, Principal of clergy school in Leeds, England
The Dictionary of the Bible (T & T Clark, Edinburgh, 1909, p. 244)

54. "This simple rite was observed by His disciples, at first as part of a communal meal, Sunday by Sunday."
I. Howard Marshall, Emeritus Professor of New Testament Exegesis
University of Aberdeen, Scotland
Christian Beliefs: An Introductory Study Guide
Inter-Varsity Press, 1972, p.80

55. “In the first century, the Lord’s Supper included not only the bread and the cup but an entire meal.”
Dr. John Gooch, church historian and editor,
United Methodist Publishing House , Nashville, Tennessee
Christian History, Issue 37, p. 3

56. "The early church observed the Lord's Supper as an exclusive community meal."
John Drane
lecturer in Religious Studies
Stirling University, Scotland
The New Lion Encyclopedia
Lion Publishers, p. 173

57. Luke 22:29-30

58. What better way to typify the coming Messianic banquet than with a banquet?

59. They devoted themselves to the apostles' teaching and
fellowship, to the breaking of bread
the prayers.
— Acts 2:42 (ESV)

60. Part Two: • The Purpose of a Meeting • One Cup, One Loaf • “Until He Comes”
Acts 20
1 Corinthians 10
1 Corinthians 11

61. Acts 20:7

62. Because there is one loaf, we, who are many, are one body, for we all partake of the one loaf.
— 1 Corinthians 10:17 (NIV)

64. 1 Corinthians 11:17-22

65. When you come together, it is not the Lord's supper that you eat
When you come together, it is not the Lord's supper that you eat. For in eating, each one goes ahead with his own meal. One goes hungry, another gets drunk.
— 1 Corinthians 11:20-21 (ESV)

66. 1 Corinthians 11:26

67. “Until” it stops raining

68. ESV Luke 22:16
For I tell you I will not eat it until* it is fulfilled in the kingdom of God.
*heos hutou

69. “Until He Comes” (1Co 11:26) “until” = achri hou
When used along with an aorist subjunctive verb, it grammatically can denote a goal.
Much more than a mere time frame, the Greek behind “until” in 1Corinthians 11:26 refers to an objective (“until the goal is reached” )
German theologian Fritz Rienecker,
Linguistic Key To The Greek New Testament
p 34

70. “Until He Comes” (1Co 11:26) “until” = achri hou
When used along with an aorist subjunctive verb, it grammatically can denote a goal
Much more than a mere time frame, the Greek behind “until” in 1Corinthians 11:26 refers to an objective (“until the goal is reached” )
German theologian Fritz Rienecker,
Linguistic Key To The Greek New Testament
p 34

71. “Until He Comes” (1Co 11:26) “until” = achri hou
When used along with an aorist subjunctive verb, it grammatically can denote a goal
Much more than a mere time frame, the Greek behind “until” in 1Corinthians 11:26 refers to an objective (“until the goal is reached” )
German theologian Fritz Rienecker,
Linguistic Key To The Greek New Testament
p 34

72. . . . Look forward to the day of God and speed its coming.
NIV 2 Peter 3:12
. . . Look forward to the day of God and speed its coming.

73. . . . Look forward to the day of God and speed its coming.
NIV 2 Peter 3:12
. . . Look forward to the day of God and speed its coming.
NAS Revelation 6:10
"How long, O Lord, holy and true, wilt Thou refrain from judging and avenging our blood on those who dwell on the earth?”

74. Jerusalem will be trampled under foot by the Gentiles until (achri hou) the times of the Gentiles be fulfilled.
— Luke 21:24 (NASV)
A partial hardening has happened to Israel until (achri hou) the fullness of the Gentiles has come in.
— Romans 11:25 (NASV)
He must reign until (achri hou) He has put all His enemies under His feet.
— 1 Corinthians 15:25 (NASV)

75. Jerusalem will be trampled under foot by the Gentiles until (achri hou) the times of the Gentiles be fulfilled.
— Luke 21:24 (NASV)
A partial hardening has happened to Israel until (achri hou) the fullness of the Gentiles has come in.
— Romans 11:25 (NASV)
He must reign until (achri hou) He has put all His enemies under His feet.
— 1 Corinthians 15:25 (NASV)

76. Jerusalem will be trampled under foot by the Gentiles until (achri hou) the times of the Gentiles be fulfilled.
— Luke 21:24 (NASV)
A partial hardening has happened to Israel until (achri hou) the fullness of the Gentiles has come in.
— Romans 11:25 (NASV)
He must reign until (achri hou) He has put all His enemies under His feet.
— 1 Corinthians 15:25 (NASV)

77. “Give us this day our daily bread”
— Luke 11:3

78. “Give us this day our daily bread”
— Luke 11:3
“the bread of the world to come”
— Athanasius
Godet, Commentary on Luke, Kregel Publications, 1981, p. 314

79. Part Three: An Unworthy Manner
1 Corinthians 11:27-32

80. 1 Corinthians 11:27-32

81. KJV: “unworthily” (1Co 11:27)

82. KJV: “unworthily” (1Co 11:27) Greek: anaxios = “in an unworthy manner”

83. KJV: “unworthily” (1Co 11:27) Greek: anaxios = “in an unworthy manner”
ESV: “unworthy manner”

84. KJV: “unworthily” (1Co 11:27) Greek: anaxios = “in an unworthy manner”
ESV: “unworthy manner”
NASV: “unworthy manner”

85. KJV: “unworthily” (1Co 11:27) Greek: anaxios = “in an unworthy manner”
ESV: “unworthy manner”
NASV: “unworthy manner”
NIV: “unworthy manner”

86. 1 Corinthians 11:33-34

87. “Paul’s point is that, if the rich wish to eat and drink on their own, enjoying better food than their poorer brothers, they should do this at home;
if they cannot wait for others (verse 33), if they must indulge to excess, they can at least keep the church’s common meal free from practices that can only bring discredit upon it Paul simply means that those who are so hungry that they cannot wait for their brothers should satisfy their hunger before they leave home, in order that decency and order may prevail in the assembly.”
— C K Barrett, theology professor at Durnham University, England
Black’s New Testament Commentary, The Fist Epistle to The Corinthians
Hendrickson Publishers, 2000, p. 263 & 277

88. Frequency?

89. Frequency?
Form?

90. Frequency?
Form?
Focus?

91. Frequency?
Form?
Focus?
Fellowship or Funeral?

92. Frequency?
Form?
Focus?
Fellowship or Funeral?
Functions?

93. — SUPPER SUMMARY —
Primary Purpose

94. — SUPPER SUMMARY — Primary Purpose
Full Meal / Wedding Supper of the Lamb

95. — SUPPER SUMMARY — Primary Purpose
Full Meal / Wedding Supper of the Lamb
Forward-Looking / Wedding Atmosphere

96. — SUPPER SUMMARY — Primary Purpose
Full Meal / Wedding Supper of the Lamb
Forward-Looking / Wedding Atmosphere
Fellowship and Edification

97. — SUPPER SUMMARY — Primary Purpose
Full Meal / Wedding Supper of the Lamb
Forward-Looking / Wedding Atmosphere
Fellowship and Edification
One Cup & One Loaf / Create Unity / Symbolic of Jesus’ Body and Blood

98. — SUPPER SUMMARY — Primary Purpose
Full Meal / Wedding Supper of the Lamb
Forward-Looking / Wedding Atmosphere
Fellowship and Edification
One Cup & One Loaf / Create Unity / Symbolic of Jesus’ Body and Blood
6. Reminds Jesus

99. On-line Seminary Course
Revised
03/05/10

100. Revised 09/15/12