1. The Treaty Of Versailles & The Rise of Stalin
On the Road to the Second World War

2. After reading this source, how do you think the Germans felt at the end of World War One?
“Through the doors at the end…come four officers of France, Great Britain, America and Italy. And then, isolated and pitiable, come the two Germans, Dr. Muller and Dr. Bell. The silence is terrifying…They keep their eyes fixed away from those two thousand staring eyes, fixed on the ceiling. They are deathly pale…There is general tension. They sign. There is general relaxation…We kept our seats while the Germans were conducted like prisoners from the dock.”
(Harold Nicolson, Peacemaking, 1919)

3. The Major Players Lloyd George Wilson Clemenceau
PM Great Britain President USA President France

4. The Major Players
Great Britain, America and France were the three most powerful Allies and they wanted to exert their influence upon the Treaty of Versailles.
Yet they wanted different things.

5. Lloyd George (UK) Germany to be justly punished, but not too harshly
Germany to lose its navy and colonies as these were a threat to Britain's own navy and empire
Germany and Britain to become trading partners

6. Pressure at home to make Germany pay – if he had been too soft he would have been voted out as PM.
Lloyd George liked the fact that Britain got German colonies, and the small German navy helped British sea-power.
Lloyd George thought that the Treaty was too harsh, and that it would start another war in 25 years time.

7. Clemenceau (France)
To cripple Germany so it couldn't attack France again.
Wanted Germany broken down into smaller states (weakened).
France had suffered the most during the war so Clemenceau was under great pressure from the French people to make Germany pay.

8. Clemenceau liked the harsh things that were in the Treaty, especially reparations
Germany should be brought to its knees so that she could never start a war again.
Liked the idea of a small German army, and the demilitarised zone in the Rhineland
Also, liked that France received Alsace- Lorraine as this had been taken off France by Germany in 1871.
Wanted the Treaty to be harsher.

9. Wilson (United States)
a better and more peaceful world
a League of Nations that would help and support each other and help to promote world peace
the right to self-determination. The right to decide which country you wish to be governed by
The U.S.A. had joined war late (1917) and hadn't suffered as much as the other Allies in terms of human and material costs.

10. Wilson got self-determination for the peoples of Eastern Europe, and a League of Nations
Disappointed with the Treaty because few of his ‘Fourteen Points’ were acted upon.
Worst of all, when Wilson went back to America, the Senate refused to join the League of Nations, and refused to sign the Treaty of Versailles
Government wanted a policy of isolation and leave Europe to its own devices.

11. The main points of the Treaty [BRAT]
Germany had to accept the Blame for starting the war
this was called the War Guilt Clause or Article 231
This was vital because it provided the justification for...

12. The main points of the Treaty [BRAT]
Germany had to pay £6,600 million (called Reparations) for the damage done during the war
£1 in 1919 = £35.6 in 2011
So, they were looking at paying about $381.4 Billion CDN if they were paying today (roughly 50 times the annual budget of NB).

13. The main points of the Treaty [BRAT]
Germany was forbidden to have submarines or an air force  
A navy of only six battleships, and an Army of just 100,000 men
Germany was not allowed to place any troops in the Rhineland, the strip of land, 50 miles wide, next to France

14. The main points of the Treaty [BRAT]
Germany lost Territory (land) in Europe.
Germany’s colonies were given to Britain and France.
Germany had to hand over some 70,000 square kilometres of land.
This accounted for about 13% of all of her land and six million of her people who lived there.

15. Lost Territory

16. Recap
The Treaty seemed to satisfy the "Big Three" overall.
It made Germany too weak to start another European War, yet strong enough to help stop the spread of Communism.
It kept the French border with Germany safe from future German attacks.
It created the League of Nations. This would help promote peace and trade throughout the world.

17. Recap
Germans hated the treaty, especially Article 231 which blamed them for starting the war.
Many Germans also thought the financial penalties that the treaty imposed upon their country and her people to be immoral and unjust.
The German Government that had agreed to the treaty became known as the "November Criminals“.

18. Rise of Stalin Real name: Joseph Dzhugashvili
Born: Georgia 1878 or 1879
Working class: mother was a seamstress and father was a shoemaker
Dedicated Bolshevik, very loyal to Lenin
Commissar for Nationalities after October Revolution
Appointed ‘General Secretary’ of the Communist Party in 1922

19. After the Russian Revolution
Russian Revolution was similar to French Revolution.
Both wanted to destroy social and political structures.
Included Violence, and terrorism.
Russia wants to build a totalitarian state

20. Characteristics of a Totalitarian State
Dictatorship and One-Party Rule
Dynamic Leader
Ideology
State Control Over All Sectors of Society
State Control Over the Individual
Dependence on Modern Technology
Organized Violence

21. Characteristics of a Totalitarian State
Dictatorship and One-Party Rule
Dynamic Leader
Ideology
State Control Over All Sectors of Society
State Control Over the Individual
Dependence on Modern Technology
Organized Violence

22. An Industrial Revolution
1st and 2nd Five-Year Plan set impossibly high quotas Government controlled the worker's life made impressive gains agricultural nation → industrial nation

23. An Agricultural Revolution
1st and 2nd Five-Year Plan Collective farms Resistances of peasants Kulaks were identified as class enemies because they owned land

24. Weapons of and daily life under totalitarianism
Police Terror
Indoctrination and Propaganda
Censorship
Religious Persecution
Comparing Revolutions
Soviet Women
Education

25. Test This Wednesday: Causes of WW I Treaty of Versailles
Rise of Totalitarianism in Soviet Union