1. The Birth of Greek Civilization
You are traveling through 2000 B.C. – 500 B.C.

2. SWBAT:
Identify and explain how early eastern cultures influenced Greek culture.
Analyze the structure of Greek city-states.

3. Development of Greek Civilization
The arts and traditions of 3 cultures influenced the development of Greek civilization:
These cultures are:
The Minoans
The Mycenaeans
The Phoenicians

4. The Minoans
About 100 years ago, archaeologists uncovered the ruins of an unknown civilization on the island of Crete.
They named it Minoa after Minos, the king of Crete.
Artifacts showed that Minoa was a wealthy trading culture about 2000 B.C. The Minoans exported pottery, metalwork, wine and olive oil.

5. The Mycenaeans
Around 1600 B.C., people from the northeast had moved onto the Peloponnesus, settling at Mycenae.
They traded metals from the Greek mainland for beautiful exports from Minoa.
Around 1450 B.C., the Mycenaeans conquered Crete (Minoans) and took over Minoa’s valuable trade expeditions.

6. The Phoenicians
Phoenicia was a land in the eastern Mediterranean in what is today Lebanon.
They set up colonies around the Mediterranean Sea. A colony is an area under the control of another distant country.
The Phoenicians developed the alphabet that is the basis of the alphabet we use today.

7. Turn & Talk… What 3 cultures influenced the Greek civilization?
If you could say one thing about each culture what would you want to remember?

8. The City States of Greece
By 700 B.C. all Greek city-states had common features such as culture, language and religion. This is what united them despite their geographical difficulties.
Each region usually had one city at its heart. The Greek word for this kind of city-state was polis.

9. Most city-states were set up the same way.
They were built around an acropolis. An acropolis was a walled hill where people of the city could seek safety during an enemy attack.
Farmers gathered at an open area near the acropolis to trade with each other and with local craft workers. This open area was called an agora. This was an outdoor market place and also a place for meetings.

10. How were Greek city-states set up? What did they all have in common?
Sum it up..

11. Day 2- Athens & Sparta SWBAT:
Analyze how Greek city-states are governed
Compare and contrast the cultures of Athens and Sparta

12. Developing Governments
The leaders of each Greek city-state had to be citizens of their polis. A citizen is a person with rights and responsibilities in his or her own country.
In ancient Greece, only men could be citizens, and not even all men were granted this right.
Women were not allowed to be citizens. They had very few rights. They took care of the home and children.
Slavery was common. Slaves could never be citizens.

13. The kind of government was different from city to city.
Some city-states had a single ruler. This type of government is called a monarchy. You inherit your power from a family member.
Other city-states, a small group of the richest and most powerful citizens controlled decision-making. This type of government is called an oligarchy.

14. Which government do you think is better?
Turn and Talk
Which government do you think is better?
Monarchy
Vs.
Oligarchy
What class of citizens would you belong to if you were living in Greece?
Man, Woman or Slave?

15. Sparta and Athens
Sparta and Athens were the most famous Greek city-states.
We know about them because there have been many documents and artifacts have been preserved.
Daily life in these two powerful city-states were very different.

16. Day 3- Athens & Sparta and Greek Culture
SWBAT…
Compare and Contrast the cultures of Athens and Sparta.
Explain what cultural features all Greeks shared.

17. Sparta: City of Soldiers
Greece’s largest city-state.
Sparta was located right in and by the mountains.

18. Strengthening Sparta
If the men were always training for war, who was left to farm and take care of the land?
In Sparta a group of men remained behind to work the land. They were called helots.
Helots were farmers.

19. Around age 7, boys and girls began training to defend their city-state.
Boys were taught to read and write, but they spent most of their time training to be soldiers.
Girls practiced running, throwing spears, and playing ball games; however, girls couldn’t become soldiers.
Girls were trained to be strong mothers of strong children.
Duty to Sparta was considered more important than art or individual freedom.

20. Spartan Soldier
The average Spartan warrior was called a hoplite, named after the Greek word for shield or hoplum.
The hoplum was the key piece in their armor because it defended themselves and the person next to them, it was made of overlapping domed layers of wood and covered with bronze.
Spartans used Λ (lambda) the Greek letter L, it stood for Laconia, the ancient name for the region of Sparta.

21. Athens: City of the People
Athenian girls didn’t practice sports.
They stayed at home, took care of the house and learned to weave cloth from sheep’s wool.
Most Athenian boys couldn’t afford to go to school. They worked with their fathers as farmers, potters, or stoneworkers.
Wealthy parents sent their sons to school to learn to read and write. After classes, these students went to a gymnasium to learn to wrestle or box.

22. Athenian Government
Most of Athens early leaders belonged to rich and powerful families.
The poorer citizens began demanding a voice in their government. Eventually the oligarchy was forced to share its power.
The new government of Athens was called a democracy. In a democracy, every citizen is allowed to vote on important decisions. This idea was an important moment in world history.

23. Turn and Talk… Athens or Sparta?
If you had to choose a city-state to live in, where would you live? Why?
Be ready to defend your answer with evidence.

24. A Common Greek Culture All Greek city-states had much in common.
They all reserved several days each month to honor gods and goddesses.
Ancient Greeks were polytheistic (belief in many gods).
They believed most of their gods and goddesses lived on Mount Olympus.

25. Greek Gods and Goddesses*
The gods were honored by all Greeks, but each city had a particular god or goddess who was honored as that city’s special protector. For example, the people of Athens honored Athena, the goddess of wisdom.
All Greeks worshiped Zeus, the king of all gods and goddesses.
An important temple in his honor was at Olympia. Every four years Greek athletes met at Olympia for the Olympic Games. These games were so special that wars stopped during the Olympic Games.

26. A Greek Poet Ancient Greeks enjoyed poems about Greek history.
One of the most famous poets was Homer. He created two epic poems. An epic is a long poem that tells the story of a legendary hero or historical figure.
In the Iliad, Homer described a war between the Greek city-states and Troy, an enemy city-state.
Homer also wrote the Odyssey, a poem about a hero, Odysseus, and why it took so long for him to return home.

27. What’s Next?
Greek city-states in western Asia faced a powerful Asian empire.
This empire was called the Persian Empire – centered in modern day Iran.
The Persian Empire was the largest empire in the world.