1. IP Addressing Pertemuan 06
Matakuliah : H0524/Jaringan Komputer
Tahun : 2009
IP Addressing Pertemuan 06

2. Pada akhir pertemuan ini, diharapkan mahasiswa
Learning Outcomes
Pada akhir pertemuan ini, diharapkan mahasiswa
akan mampu :
Membagi IP Address
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3. Outline Materi Classful Addressing Special Addresses Subnet mask
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4. IP Address
IP Address
A logical address used in TCP/IP networking for identifying a host in the network
IP Address Characteristics
An IP address is 32 bits in size, unique, grouped into four 8-bit octets
Octets are separated by decimal points
Network Administrator
IP addresses are assigned by a network administrator according to an organization’s valid IP address range.
ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names & Numbers)
Central authority on Internet addresses and names.
A group of IP addresses must be obtained via an ISP.
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5. IPv4 Address Formats
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6. Classful Addresses
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7. The network address defines the network to the rest of the Internet.
Network Addresses
In classful addressing, the network address is the one that is assigned to the organization
The network address defines the network to the rest of the Internet.
Given the network address, we can find the class of the address, the block, and the range of the addresses in the block
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8. Some IP address numbers are reserved for special functions.
Special IP Addresses
Some IP address numbers are reserved for special functions.
IP address whose numeric value is the highest value in the network (host bits all equal to one) is a broadcast address.
IP addresses with first octet of 127 such as is a loopback IP used to test local workstation communication
IP addresses ending in “1” are typically reserved for gateway.
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9. Private Addresses
A number of blocks in each class are assigned for private use. They are not recognized globally
Several techniques exist to hide internal network IP addresses from outside view
Any organization can use these addresses provide they adhere to the rules
All connectivity to an Internet host must be provided by a Network Address Translator
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10. They cannot be referenced by hosts in another organization.
Private IP Addresses
Rules:
They cannot be referenced by hosts in another organization.
They cannot be defined to any external router
Organization with private addresses cannot externally advertise those IP.
Addresses and cannot forward IP datagrams containing those addresses to external routers.
External routers will quietly discard all routing information regarding these addresses.
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11. The organization does not require connectivity to the Internet.
Private IP Addresses
Private IP addresses relax the rule that IP addresses are globally unique
This IP conservation technique reserves part of the IP address space for use exclusively within an organization.
The organization does not require connectivity to the Internet.
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12. Reserved IANA IP addresses for Private Internets
Private IP Addresses
Reserved IANA IP addresses for Private Internets
A single Class A network
Sixteen continuous Class B Networks
256 contiguous Class C networks
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13. Allows the use one class of addresses for several network segments
Subnetting
Subnetting
Allows the use one class of addresses for several network segments
A subnetted address is comprised of three parts
Network address
Subnet address
Host address
Subnet address uses part of the host address for subnet address assignment
Efficient use of IP addresses
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14. Subnetting
A subnet mask is a special bit pattern that blocks off the network portion of an IP address with an all-ones pattern
The entire network address, including the network prefix and the subnetting bits, is called the extended network prefix
This activity of stealing bits from the host portion of further subdivide the network portion of an address is called subnetting a network address, or subnetting
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15. Subnetting
A subnet mask that is larger than the default mask for the address in use divides a single network IP address into multiple subnetworks
The network prefix identifies the number of bits in the IP address, counting from the left that represents the actual network address itself, and the additional bits of subnetting represent the bits that were borrowed from the host portion of that IP address to extend the network portion
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16. Subnetting
When a computer on one subnet wishes to communicate with a computer on another subnet, traffic must be forwarded from the sender to a nearby IP gateway to send the message on its way from one subnet to another.
Subnet mask composed of four octets and can be expressed in either binary or dotted decimal notation.
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17. Dotted Decimal Notation 255.255.255.0
Subnetting
Octet of all 1’s
Represents part of the extended network prefix that uses that subnet mask.
Octet of all 0’s
Represents corresponding octets that are assumed to represent host information.
Binary Notation
Dotted Decimal Notation
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18. Default mask and subnet mask
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19. Subnetting First 2 octets represent part of extended network prefix.
3rd octet represents subnet.
4th octet represents host/machine/device.
Router needed to interpret addresses.
IP ending in “1” always reserved for gateways address.
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