CLEC https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html.

EastLink (company) - CLEC services
EastLink was the first[ Halifax Chamber of Commerce, Jan/Feb 2005] major Canadian cable company to offer competitive local telephone service in its territory in 1999 over a fibre optic network.[ Eastlink Press Release] In 2005 the area code 902 telephone market was the most competitive telephone exchange in North America and this was credited to EastLink's presence in the market

International legal theory - Eclectic or Grotian approach
Hugo Grotius a Netherlands|Dutch theologian, humanism|humanist and jurist played a key role in the development of modern international law

International legal theory - Eclectic or Grotian approach
During the 17th century, the basic tenents of the Grotian or Eclecticism|eclectic school, especially the doctrines of legal equality, territorial sovereignty, and independence of states, became the fundamental principles of the European political and legal system and were enshirned in the 1648 Peace of Westphalia.

Public international law - Eclectic or Grotian school
During the 17th century, the basic tenets of the Grotian or Eclecticism|eclectic school, especially the doctrines of legal equality, territorial sovereignty, and independence of states, became the fundamental principles of the European political and legal system and were enshrined in the 1648 Peace of Westphalia.

Cleckheaton 'Cleckheaton' is a town in the Metropolitan borough of Kirklees, in West Yorkshire, England. Historic counties of England|Historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, it is situated south of Bradford, east of Brighouse, west of Batley and south-west of Leeds. It is at the centre of the River Spen|Spen Valley and was the major town in the former borough of Spenborough.

Cleckheaton Cleckheaton has a history as a mill town, although this industry has now all but vanished.

Cleckheaton - Early history
The Spen Valley was once heavily wooded. Evidence of human habitation in Mesolithic and Neolithic times has been found in the area. Roman remains have been found in the valley and it is thought that roads from York to Chester, and from settlements in Halifax, West Yorkshire|Halifax and Wakefield, passed through Cleckheaton and the junction gave rise to a staging post.

Cleckheaton - Textile working
The area was very disorganised for a long time after the Norman Conquest and the richest townships at that time were still the richest 300 years later as the Poll Tax returns of 1379 show

After the English Reformation|Reformation, Kirklees Priory was largely destroyed, many families were driven from the area and new non-aristocratic lords of the manor who were sympathetic to Protestantism were introduced by Elizabeth I of England|Elizabeth I, as was a puritan clergyman who was installed at Birstall Church

By the 17th century land-owning farmers were finding it increasingly difficult as were their landlords and some payments were still in kind as farmers had no money to pay their debts

Cleckheaton - Nonconformity
After the restoration of the Monarchy, Anglicanism was reintroduced also

Cleckheaton - Nonconformity
In spite of the religious strength in the valley, the inhabitants were somewhat unconventional and still went to astrologers, quack doctors and prophets. Men like Eli Collins, the Wizard of Wyke, and Alvery Newsome, the Wise Man of Heckmondwike, were widespread. Furthermore, to increase the isolation, the area had no canals and had few roads, apart from a few turnpike roads, including the major ones from Leeds to Huddersfield and Bradford to Halifax.

Cleckheaton - Industrial Revolution
After the discovery of good quality coal in the north of the valley industry spread quickly.

Cleckheaton - Industrial Revolution
In 1818 Parliament voted a million pounds for the building of new churches in the country and Roberson was able to secure funding to build Cleckheaton Church.Port, M.H.: 'Six Hundred New Churches

Cleckheaton - Spen Valley
By the mid 19th century the Spen Valley entered its golden era. In 1800 children were paid starvation wages for putting staples into leather for carding wool, but by 1838 there were eleven carding factories in Cleckheaton and by 1893 the town was recognised as the carding capital of the world.

Cleckheaton - Spen Valley
The mill owners built turnpike roads between the villages to enable their employees to get to work and lobbied to get railways built to get their products to reach customers

Cleckheaton - 20th century
Around the turn of the century, many huge and expensive buildings were erected and became symbols for the area's wealth; massive chapels and a new grammar school were built in Cleckheaton, and to mark the new Urban district (Great Britain and Ireland)|urban district and the fact that it was the centre of it, Cleckheaton built a town hall in 1892, paid for by public subscription.

The Mowatt family paid for Cleckheaton Library and also the reference library at Cleckheaton's grammar (later secondary) school, Whitcliffe Mount which bears their name.

From the 1920s, however, Spenborough's fortunes began to decline. Pits began to close and trade waned. Slowly, central government took on responsibilities previously held by Spenborough such as water supply, gas production, public health and education. By this time the level of industry was in serious decline as the textile mills, foundries and other factories slowly closed.

In the 1960s and '70s many new houses were built in Cleckheaton, as the town attracted commuters to Leeds and Bradford. Ashtons built many houses around Cleckheaton and neighbouring Mirfield.

Cleckheaton - Cleckheaton railway station
A Dewsbury man was accused of, as counsel for the prosecution put it, effectively stealing Cleckheaton railway station

Cleckheaton - Local government
As of 2007 all three councillors were members of the Liberal Democrats (UK)|Liberal Democrats.[ Your Councillors in Cleckheaton, Kirklees Council, accessed April 1, 2008] Under the borough council's decentralisation scheme, Cleckheaton's councillors are grouped with those of the neighbouring wards of Heckmondwike and Liversedge Gomersal to form the Spen Valley Area Committee.[ Spen Valley Area Committee, Kirklees Council, accessed April 1, 2008]

Cleckheaton - Civic history
In 1915, the three Urban district (Great Britain and Ireland)|urban districts of Cleckheaton, Liversedge and Gomersal were amalgamated to form Spenborough|Spenborough Urban District

Spenborough (which now included all of the Spen Valley save Heckmondwike) was granted a charter of incorporation and became a municipal borough on 23 May The borough continued to use the coat of arms which bore the motto Industry Enriches which it had been granted in 1949.Geoffrey Briggs, Civic and Corporate Heraldry, London 1971

On 1 April 1974 the Local Government Act 1972 reorganised administration throughout England and Wales. The borough of Spenborough was abolished, and its area combined with that of ten other local authorities to form the Metropolitan Borough of Kirklees, one of five metropolitan boroughs of West Yorkshire.Local Government Act 1972, (1972 c.70), Schedule I

Cleckheaton - Parliamentary representation
For elections to the United Kingdom House of Commons|UK parliament, Cleckheaton ward forms part of Batley and Spen (UK Parliament constituency)|Batley and Spen borough constituency.[ The Parliamentary Constituencies (England) Order 2007, Office of Public Sector Information, accessed April 1, 2008] The constituency was created in 1983 and was represented by a Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Member of Parliament|MP from 1983 to 1997

Cleckheaton - Parliamentary history
From 1885 to 1950 the town formed part of the Spen Valley (UK Parliament constituency)|Spen Valley county constituency. The seat was held at various times by the Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal, National Liberal Party (UK, 1931)|National Liberal and Labour parties.

Cleckheaton - Parliamentary history
From 1950 to 1983 Cleckheaton was included in the borough constituency of Brighouse and Spenborough (UK Parliament constituency)|Brighouse and Spenborough. It was a marginal seat, changing hands between the Conservative and Labour parties on six occasions.

Cleckheaton - Geography
Cleckheaton is at the centre of a number of villages which together form the Spen Valley:

Oakenshaw, West Yorkshire|Oakenshaw, East Bierley, Hunsworth, Birkenshaw, West Yorkshire|Birkenshaw, Drub, Gomersal, Little Gomersal, Littletown, Millsbridge, Liversedge, Roberttown, Hartshead, Clifton, Hightown, West Yorkshire|Hightown, Heckmondwike and Scholes.

The town itself is made up of areas such as Moorend, Whitechapel, Whitcliffe, Moorbottom, Moorside, the Marsh and Rawfolds.

Cleckheaton - Sports Cleckheaton Sports Club, based in Moorend, is the home of the town's rugby union team, Cleckheaton RUFC|Cleckheaton R.U.F.C., who play in the North 1 East competition at the sixth tier of English domestic rugby. The club is also home to Cleckheaton Cricket Club, who play in the Bradford Cricket League|Bradford League Division One. At the club, there are also two bowls|bowling greens, home to Cleckheaton Bowls Club, which also host competitions such as the John Smith's Classic.

Cleckheaton - Sports Liversedge F.C. are the town's highest football club in the football league pyramid, currently playing in the Northern Counties East Football League Premier Division as of the in English football| season. They play their home games at the Clayborn Ground, 1km from the town centre.

Cleckheaton - Sports Other sporting teams from the local area include Spen Victoria, Gomersal, Hartshead Moor and East Bierley cricket clubs from the Bradford Cricket League, and Scholes and Liversedge cricket clubs from the Central Yorkshire Cricket League.

Cleckheaton - Notable people
*William Baines (composer/pianist) ( ), lived here from , when his father (later replaced by himself) was a cinema pianist at the Picture Palace. The family lived on Foundry Terrace.

*John Bentley (rugby footballer)|John Bentley, the first man to play both Rugby Union and Rugby League for England, is from Cleckheaton; he played for Cleckheaton RUFC (part of Cleckheaton Sports Club) and is their Director of Rugby.

*Danny Cadamarteri, Huddersfield Town F.C.|Huddersfield Town footballer, was born in Cleckheaton in 1979.

*Andrew Gale, Captain of Yorkshire County Cricket Club|Yorkshire Cricket Club was educated at Whitcliffe Mount School and played for Cleckheaton C.C. (part of Cleckheaton Sports Club)

*Roger Hargreaves, author of the Mr Men and Little Misses series of books, was born in Cleckheaton in 1935.

Although he moved away from Cleckheaton, the industrial scenes of his early childhood continued to inspire him throughout his career (same source).

Hellenistic philosophy - Eclecticism
Eclecticism was a system of philosophy which adopted no single set of doctrines but selected from existing philosophical beliefs those doctrines that seemed most reasonable. Its most notable advocate was Cicero.

Hellenistic philosophy - Eclecticism
* Marcus Terentius Varro|Varro Reatinus ( BCE)

Psychopathy - Cleckley's clinical profile
In his book The Mask of Sanity, Hervey Cleckley described 16 (originally 21 in the first edition) common qualities he thought were characteristic of the individuals he termed psychopaths:

Cleckley stated in the first edition of The Mask of Sanity (p.257) that those he was calling psychopaths were frankly and unquestionably psychotic, but in later editions suggested that they are not psychotic according to prevailing definitions

Despite possible discrepancies, Cleckley's work on psychopathy may have influenced the PCL-R and the initial diagnostic criteria for antisocial personality reaction/disturbance in the DSM, and some researchers continue to consider Cleckley's clinical profile to be a prominent model of psychopathy.

Liberation psychology - Methodological eclecticism
Research with a liberation psychology framework incorporates methodologies from diverse domains. Traditional methodologies, such as surveys and quantitative analyses, are combined with more novel techniques for psychology, such as qualitative analyses, photography, drama, and textual analysis.

Eclecticism 'Eclecticism' is a conceptual approach that does not hold rigidly to a single paradigm or set of assumptions, but instead draws upon multiple theories, styles, or ideas to gain complementary insights into a subject, or applies different theories in particular cases.

Eclecticism It can sometimes seem inelegant or lacking in simplicity, and eclectics are sometimes criticized for lack of consistency in their thinking. It is, however, common in many fields of study. For example, most psychologists accept certain aspects of behaviorism, but do not attempt to use the theory to explain all aspects of human behavior. A statistician may use frequentist techniques on one occasion and Bayesian probability|Bayesian ones on another.

Eclecticism - Origin Eclecticism was first recorded to have been practiced by a group of ancient Ancient Greek philosophy|Greek and Roman philosophers who attached themselves to no real system, but selected from existing philosophical beliefs those doctrines that seemed most reasonable to them

Eclecticism - Origin Other eclectics included Marcus Terentius Varro|Varro and Seneca the Younger|Seneca.

Eclecticism - Architecture and art
Eaton, The Architecture of Choice: Eclectism in America, , 1975

Eclecticism - Architecture and art
In some ways Eclecticism is reminiscent of Mannerism in that the term was used pejoratively for much of the period of its currency, although, unlike Mannerism, Eclecticism never amounted to a movement or constituted a specific style: it is characterized precisely by the fact that it was not a particular style.

Eclecticism - Psychology
Eclecticism is recognized in approaches to psychology that see many factors influencing behavior and the psyche (psychology)|psyche, and among those who consider all perspectives in identifying, changing, explaining, and determining behavior.

Eclecticism - Martial arts
For example, the way of thinking developed by Bruce Lee and often used in martial arts, called Jeet Kune Do, is classified as an eclectic system

Eclecticism - Martial arts
Hapkido, a Korean martial art composed of Throw (grappling)|throws, joint locks, a wide range of punch (combat)|punches and kicks, and even pressure points, may be one of the most eclectic martial arts today. Originally based on the Japanese martial art Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu, it has since incorporated techniqes from a diverse range of styles such as Japanese Judo, Korean Taekwondo, western boxing, as well as some Chinese Chin Na techniques from styles such as Shaolin Kung Fu and Eagle Claw.

Eclecticism - In philology
In textual criticism#Eclecticism|textual criticism, eclecticism is the practice of examining a wide number of text witnesses and selecting the variant that seems best. The result of the process is a text with readings drawn from many witnesses. In a purely eclectic approach, no single witness is theoretically favored. Instead, the critic forms opinions about individual witnesses, relying on both external and internal evidence.

Eclecticism - In philology
Since the mid-19th century, eclecticism, in which there is no a priori bias to a single manuscript, has been the dominant method of editing the Greek text of the New Testament (currently, the United Bible Society, 4th ed. and Nestle-Aland, 27th ed.). Even so, the oldest manuscripts, being of the Alexandrian text-type, are the most favored, and the critical text has an Alexandrian disposition.Aland, B. 1994: 138

Eclecticism - Philosophy
In philosophy, Eclectics use elements from multiple philosophies, texts, life experiences and their own philosophical ideas. These ideas include life as connected with existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language.

Eclecticism - Religion
Eclectics are most interested in what really works, personally and communally.

Book of Shadows - In Eclectic Wicca
In non-traditional or eclectic forms of Wiccan or Neo-paganism|Neo-pagan practice, the term Book of Shadows is more often used to describe a personal diary|journal, rather than a traditional text

Integrative Psychotherapy - Technical eclecticism
Beutler’s model of Systematic Treatment Selection (Beutler, Consoli, Lane, 2005) represents another model of technical eclecticism.

Integrative Psychotherapy - Comparison with full eclecticism
Instead, they may use what they believe or feel or experience tells them will work best, either in general or suiting the often immediate needs of individual clients; See [ Amazon page] and Google book search

Hervey M. Cleckley 'Hervey Milton Cleckley' (1903– January 28, 1984) was an American psychiatrist and pioneer in the field of psychopathy. His book, The Mask of Sanity, originally published in 1941 and revised in new editions until the 1980s, provided the most influential clinical description of psychopathy in the twentieth century. The term mask of sanity derived from Cleckley's belief that a psychopath can appear normal and even engaging, but that the mask conceals a mental disorder.

Hervey M. Cleckley By the time of his death, Cleckley was better remembered for a vivid case study of a female patient, published as a book in 1956 and turned into a movie The Three Faces of Eve in His report of the case (re)popularized in America the controversial diagnosis, multiple personality disorder. The concept of psychopathy continues to be influential through forming parts of the diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder, the Psychopathy Checklist, and public perception.

Hervey M. Cleckley He created two of the enduring myths– I would call them– of the 20th century...These ideas don’t originate with Cleckley, but Cleckley popularized them, he built them up, he sold them– almost as a brand.[ Errol Morris and The Mask of Fatality: An Interview by Julie Cline] February 17th, 2013 Los Angeles Review of Books[ Errol Morris v

Hervey M. Cleckley - Life and career
Connor Cleckley Goodrich] By Albert Ross Jr.| Staff Writer

Cleckley graduated from the Academy of Richmond County high school in 1921, then graduated in 1924 summa cum laude with a Bachelor of Science degree from the University of Georgia (UGA) in Athens, Georgia|Athens, where he was a member of the varsity Georgia Bulldogs football|football and track and field teams. Cleckley won a Rhodes Scholarship to study at Oxford University, England, graduating in 1926 with a Bachelor of Arts.

Cleckley Collection], July 2014

Hervey M. Cleckley - Psychopathy
In 1941, Cleckley authored his magnum opus The Mask of Sanity: An Attempt to Clarify Some Issues About the So-Called Psychopathic Personality. This became a landmark in psychiatric case studies and was repeatedly reprinted in subsequent editions. Cleckley revised and expanded the work with each edition published; the second American edition published in 1950 he described as effectively a new book.

Hervey M. Cleckley - Psychopathy
The Mask of Sanity is distinguished by its central thesis, that the psychopath exhibits normal function according to standard psychiatric criteria, yet privately engages in destructive behavior

Hervey M. Cleckley - Military application
Cleckley critiques the 'benign policy' of the VA of not diagnosing more psychopathic personality due to giving the benefit of the doubt to issues such as neurasthenia, hysteria, psychasthenia, Posttraumatic stress disorder|posttraumatic neuroses, or cerebral trauma from skull injuries and concussions

Hervey M. Cleckley - Semantic theory
[ Also a version published in Time Magazine?] March 30, 1941 However Cleckley also separately employed an analogy to a language disorder called 'semantic aphasia' in explaining the distinction between the appearance of correct functioning on the surface despite an underlying deficit in meaning

Hervey M. Cleckley - Contributors
Cleckley also mentions taking inspiration for the structure of his book from a work called 'The Psychology of Insanity'[ by Bernard Hart, an English physician who also published a case study of a multiple personality.[ A Case of Double Personality] The British Journal of Psychiatry (1912) 58: doi: /bjp

Hervey M. Cleckley - Contributors
Based on Cleckley's work, but with fundamental changes, from the 1970s the psychologist Robert D. Hare devised an influential Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R)|Psychopathy Checklist to assess psychopathy primarily in the criminal justice system.

Hervey M. Cleckley - Vitamins

Hervey M. Cleckley - Coma shock therapy
and Cleckley, H

Hervey M. Cleckley - Criminal responsibility
However, 10 years later, a chapter by Cleckley on Psychiatry: Science, Art,

Princeton, N.J., 1962 In that regard Cleckley expressed his agreement with a critique by Hakeem, yet Hakeem had quoted Cleckley's claims about psychopathy as an example of psychiatrists exaggerating how clear their diagnostic terms are to each other.[ A Critique of the Psychiatric Approach to Crime and Correction] Michael Hakeem, Law and Contemporary Problems, (Fall 1958).

At the Competency evaluation (law)|competency hearing a defense psychiatrist also argued that Bundy was a psychopath, however he concluded that Bundy was not competent to stand trial or represent himself, while Cleckley argued that he was competent.[ The Only Living Witness: The True Story of Serial Sex Killer Ted Bundy] Stephen G

Hervey M. Cleckley - Multiple personality
(1954) Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 49, [ Full Text] Such a diagnosis had fallen into relative disuse in psychiatry but Thigpen and Cleckley felt they had identified a rare case, though others have questioned the use of hypnosis and suggestion in creating some if not all of the characterization, and the diagnosis of multiple personality disorder (now dissociative identity disorder) remains controversial despite, or because of, upsurges in diagnoses in America.[ OCR Psychology: AS Core Studies and Psychological Investigations] Psychology Press, 2013

Hervey M. Cleckley - Multiple personality
Morris, University of Georgia Libraries, 08/03/2007, Last edited by NGE Staff on 03/14/2013 In 1994 Thigpen and Cleckley published a brief communication in an international hypnosis journal cautioning against over-use of the diagnosis of multiple personality disorder.[ On the incidence of multiple personality disorder: A brief communication] International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, Volume 32, Issue 2, 1984 DOI: /

Hervey M. Cleckley - Pathological sexuality
Cleckley also authored the 1957 book The Caricature of Love: A Discussion of Social, Psychiatric, and Literary Manifestations of Pathologic Sexuality

Sociopathy - Cleckley's clinical profile
In his book The Mask of Sanity, Hervey Cleckley described 16 (21 in the first edition) common qualities he thought were characteristic of the individuals he termed psychopaths.

Critical text - Eclecticism
Eclecticism refers to the practice of consulting a wide diversity of witnesses to a particular original. The practice is based on the principle that the more independent transmission histories are, the less likely they will be to reproduce the same errors. What one omits, the others may retain; what one adds, the others are unlikely to add. Eclecticism allows inferences to be drawn regarding the original text, based on the evidence of contrasts between witnesses.

Eclectic readings also normally give an impression of the number of witnesses to each available reading

The result of the process is a text with readings drawn from many witnesses. It is not a copy of any particular manuscript, and may deviate from the majority of existing manuscripts. In a purely eclectic approach, no single witness is theoretically favored. Instead, the critic forms opinions about individual witnesses, relying on both external and internal evidence.Comfort, Comfort 2005, p. 383

Critical text - Limitations of eclecticism
Stemmatics and copy-text editing– while both eclectic, in that they permit the editor to select readings from multiple sources– sought to reduce subjectivity by establishing one or a few witnesses presumably as being favored by objective criteria

Eclectic shorthand 'Eclectic shorthand' (sometimes called Cross shorthand or Eclectic-Cross shorthand after its founder, J. G. Cross) is an English language|English shorthand system of the 19th century. Although it has fallen into disuse, it is nonetheless noteworthy as one of the most compact (and complex) systems of writing ever devised.

Eclectic shorthand - Overview
While most later responses to Pitman shorthand aimed for greater simplicity and an elimination of such characteristics as shading and positional writing (cf Gregg shorthand), Cross took his system in the opposite direction

A large number of tricks are employed to make writing more compact: shading a vowel at the beginning of the stroke denotes that it is preceded by an r; shading the whole stroke denotes a diphthong, while shading the end of the stroke denotes a following r. An l can be indicated by making the outline of the preceding letter smaller, and a following w by deepening the curve of the preceding stroke.

All in all, the system contains far more rules than any other widespread system of English shorthand, and the resulting notes are incredibly concise

An interesting experiment used by Cross was to use paper with slightly curved lines for note-taking, on the assertion that as the hand could move more naturally in an arc across the page than in a straight line; this would improve speed.

Natural capital accounting - Large and eclectic dashboards
These dashboards bring together a number of indicators that are directly and indirectly related to the durability of socio-economic progress.Joseph Stiglitz, Amartya Sen and Jean-Paul Fitoussi, [ “Report by the Commission on the Measurement of Economic Performance and Social Progress”], “Commission on the Measurement of Economic Performance and Social Progress”, 2008 One example of this is the Eurostat Sustainable Development Indicators, which is a list of over 100 indicators used to monitor the EU Sustainable Development Strategy.[ “Indicators”], “Eurostat”, 2013 The criticism associated with these dashboards is that a large number of indicators risks muddling a clear message about sustainability that resonates with policy makers or citizens.[ “Green growth indicators”], “OECD” In response, there has been a greater tendency to select headline indicators that “track central elements of green grown and [are] representative of a broader set of green growth issues.”

Competitive local exchange carrier - Growth of CLECs
The formation of these CLECs, with easy financing from equipment vendors and Initial public offering|IPOs, was a significant contributor to the telecom bubble of the late 1990s which then turned into the bust of 2001–2002.

This greater dependency on the ILECs made these UNE-P CLECs extremely vulnerable to changes in the UNE-P rules.

In the meantime, the largest facilities-based CLECs, MFS, and TCG, had IPOs and then were acquired by Worldcom|WorldCom and ATT, respectively, in 1996 and 1998 as those long distance companies prepared to defend their business customers from the Regional Bell Operating Companies' (RBOC) incipient entry into the long distance business.

The prominent CLECs in business today include: WTI Communications, Inc
Competitive local exchange carrier - Current operating CLEC companies in America The prominent CLECs in business today include: WTI Communications, Inc

Wicca - Eclectic Wicca A large number of Wiccans do not exclusively follow any single tradition. These Eclecticism|eclectic Wiccans each create their own syncretism|syncretic spiritual paths by adopting and reinventing the Religious belief|beliefs and rituals of a variety of religious traditions connected to Wicca and broader Paganism (contemporary)|Paganism.

and eclectics now significantly outnumber lineaged Wiccans.
Wicca - Eclectic Wicca and eclectics now significantly outnumber lineaged Wiccans.

CLEC A 'competitive local exchange carrier' ('CLEC'), in the United States, is a telecommunications provider company (sometimes called a common carrier|carrier) competing with other, already established carriers (generally the incumbent local exchange carrier (ILEC)).

CLEC - Background A data local exchange carrier (DLEC) is a CLEC specializing in DSL services by leasing lines from the ILEC and reselling them to Internet service providers (ISPs).[ Definition] from TechWeb

CLEC - History However, the New York Public Service Commission authorized the nation's first CLEC when it required the New York Telephone (the ILEC) to allow Teleport Communications Group's switches in New York City to connect as peers

CLEC - Important FCC Rulings
Other CLECs bypass the ILEC's network entirely, using their own facilities

CLEC - Important FCC Rulings
In December 2004, the FCC released another set of rules which phase out, over a year, all CLEC leasing of ILEC local switching, while preserving access to most copper local loops and some interoffice facilities.

Contemporary music - Polystylism (eclecticism)
His manner may be called ‘polystylistic’, and entry Polystylist, quoting Musical America, November 1983: An eclectic only passively collects material from different sources, but a polystylist puts together what he collects, consciously, in a new way.

Witchcraft (contemporary) - Eclectic Wicca
and eclectic Wiccans now significantly outnumber lineaged Wiccans; their beliefs and practices tend to be much more varied.

Ann Summers - In 2007, the company faced legal issues with Apple Inc due to its release of an electronic add-on to music players called the iGasm. The company has not backed down despite cease and desist orders by Apple. Also, a former director, who is now a Beate Uhse AG employee is pursuing a libel claim against Jacqueline Gold. feed=rss An advert was banned from the London Underground in the same year.

Ann Summers - In 2007, the company faced legal issues with Apple Inc due to its release of an electronic add-on to music players called the iGasm. The company has not backed down despite cease and desist orders by Apple. Also, a former director, who is now a Beate Uhse AG employee is pursuing a libel claim against Jacqueline Gold. Ann Summers lingerie factory in Portsmouth closed in 2005, with over 50 redundancies.

Cartagena, Murcia - Modernist and eclectic buildings
Cartagena is home to numerous Art Nouveau buildings from early 20th century, when the Bourgeoisie settled down in the city due to the growth of the local mining industry.

The include the City Hall, the Grand Hotel, the Casino (all of them among the city's landmarks). The Railway Station has some outstanding iron doors and columns on the façade, and inside can still be seen the original ticket office, doorframe, ceiling and the lamps.

Other modernist or eclectic houses include the Clares House, the Aguirre Palace (which houses the Regional Museum of Modern Art), the Cervantes House (relatively big in comparison with other modernist buildings), the Llagostera House, the Pedreño Palace, the Dorda House, the Zapata House and the Urban Expansion Company House.

Several charming lively streets cover this area, like Calle Mayor (High street), the major pedestrian and commercial street of the city, full of boutiques and bars with typical tapas, the Carmen Street, the Puertas de Murcia street and many more.

The Caridad church is one of the most important churches in the city, since it is dedicated to the patron saint of Cartagena. The interior is dominated by a dome, similar to the Roman pantheon of Agrippa. There are also several outstanding sculptures by the famous murcian sculptor Francisco Salzillo and his school.

Cyclecar Cyclecars were characterised by their use of basic materials and sometimes fragile engineering and were largely contrived to fill a gap in the market between the motorcycle and the car

Cyclecar - General description
Cyclecars were halfway between motorcycles and cars and were fitted with lightweight bodies, sometimes in a tandem two-seater configuration and could be primitive with minimal comfort and weather protection

The rise of cyclecars was a direct result of reduced taxation both for registration and annual licences of lightweight small-engined cars. In France, for example, a car was classed for reduced rates if it weighed less than .

On 14 December 1912, at a meeting of the Federation Internationale des Clubs Moto Cycliste, it was formally decided that there should be an international classification of cyclecars to be accepted by the United Kingdom, Canada, United States, France, The Netherlands, Belgium, Italy, Austria and Germany. It was also decided to establish two classes of cyclecars, as follows;

All cyclecars were to have clutches and change-speed gears. This requirement could be fulfilled by even the simplest devices such as provision for slipping the belt on the pulley to act as a clutch, and varying of the pulley diameter to change the gear ratio.

Cyclecar - Introduction
From 1898 to 1910, automobile production quickly expanded. Light cars of that era were commonly known as voiturettes. The smaller cyclecars appeared around 1910 with a boom shortly before the outbreak of the First World War.

Cyclecar - Introduction
The first successful cyclecars were Bédélia of France and GN (car)|G.N. from Britain.

Cyclecar - Sporting cars and cyclecar races
Some cyclecars such as Amilcar, Major (automobile)|Major or Salmson of France had sufficient performance and handling to be regarded as sports cars.

Cyclecar - Sporting cars and cyclecar races
The first race dedicated to cyclecars was organised by the Automobile Club de France in 1913, followed by a Cyclecar GP at Le Mans in 1920.

Cyclecar - Demise By the early 1920s, the days of the cyclecar were numbered. Mass producers, such as Ford Motor Company|Ford, were able to reduce their prices to undercut those of the usually small cyclecar makers. Similar affordable cars were offered in Europe, such as the Citroën Type C|Citroën 5CV, Austin 7 or Morris Cowley.

Cyclecar - Demise The cyclecar boom was over. The majority of cyclecar manufacturers closed down. Some companies such as Chater-Lea survived by returning to the manufacture of motorcycles.

Cyclecar - Demise After World War II, small, economic cars were again in demand and a new set of manufacturers appeared. The cyclecar name did not reappear however and the cars were called microcars by enthusiasts and bubble cars by the general population.

*Austro (automobile)|Austro, 1913–14
Cyclecar - Austria *Austro (automobile)|Austro, 1913–14

Cyclecar - Switzerland
*Moser (cyclecar)|Moser (Fritz Moser, Fabrique d’Automobiles et Motocyclettes) (de::de:Fritz Moser, Fabrique d’Automobiles et Motocyclettes|Fritz Moser)

Cyclecar - United Kingdom
*Aero Car (1919 automobile)|Aerocar

*Alvechurch (automobile)|Alvechurch

*Amazon (automobile)|Amazon

*Archer (automobile)|Archer

*Buckingham (automobile)|Buckingham

*Carter (automobile)|Carter

*CFL (automobile)|CFL

*Chota (automobile)|Chota

*Crescent (automobile)|Crescent

*Edwards (automobile)|Edwards

*Gibbons (automobile)|Gibbons

*Gnome(automobile)|Gnome

*Marcus (automobile)|Marcus

*Pyramid (cyclecar)|Pyramid (de::de:Pyramid (Automarke)|Pyramid)

*VAL (automobile)|VAL

*Whitgift (cyclecar)|Whitgift (de::de:Whitgift (Automarke)|Whitgift)

*W.W. (automobile)|Winter

*Woodrow (automobile)|Woodrow

*Xtra (automobile)|Xtra

Eclectic architecture
'Eclecticism' is a nineteenth and twentieth-century architectural style in which a single piece of work incorporates a mixture of elements from previous historical styles to create something that is new and original

Eclectic architecture - History
The Rise of Eclecticism in New York

Eclectic architecture - History
Although it was designed during the peak of the eclectic period (1883–1926), it remains under construction today.

Eclectic architecture - Europe
Eclectic architecture first appeared across continental Europe in established countries such as France, England and Germany, in response to the growing push amongst architects to have more expressive freedom over their work.

Many of the graduates went on to become pioneers of the movement, and used their Beaux-Arts architecture|beaux-arts training as a foundation for new eclectic designs

Whilst the practise of this style of architecture was widespread (and could be seen in many of the town halls constructed at the time), eclecticism in Europe did not achieve the same level of enthusiasm that was seen in America—as it was assumed that the presence of old, authentic architecture, reduced the appeal of historical imitation in new buildings.

Eclectic architecture - North America
This flexibility to adapt, and to blend freely between styles gave eclectic designers more appeal to clients.

Eclectic architecture - North America
The creation of skyscrapers and other large public spaces such as churches, courthouses, city halls, public libraries and movie theatres, meant that eclectic design was no longer only for members of high-society, but was also accessible to the general public

Eclectic architecture - Spread
Some of the most extreme examples of eclectic design could be seen onboard ocean liners (which at the time were the primary form of overseas transport). The lavish interiors were crafted with a mix of traditional styles—in an attempt to ease the discomfort of months abroad and to create the illusion of established grandeur.

At a similar time, such vessels were being used to transport colonists to undeveloped areas of the world. The colonisation of such areas, further spread the Eclectic architecture of the western world, as newly settled colonists built structures commonly featuring Roman classicism and gothic motifs.

To a lesser extent Eclecticism appeared across Asia, as Japanese and Chinese architects who had trained at American Beaux-Arts architecture|Beaux-Arts influenced schools, returned to produce eclectic designs across Asia such as the Bank of Japan (1895) by Kingo Tatsuno.

Eclectic architecture - Critical reception
As a style that offered so much creative freedom, and no guiding rules, the risk of creating an unsuccessful design was apparent to all. Projects that failed to harmoniously blend the different styles were subject to criticism from professionals (particularly those who were against the movement).

Eclectic architecture - Decline
Creative Eclecticism

Eclectic architecture - Contemporary context
In contemporary society, styles that draw from many different cultural and historical styles are loosely described as eclectic though references to eclectic architecture within literature and media are usually about buildings constructed within the eclectic movement of the late 19th-early 20th century period.

Alcyon - Cyclecars between wars
Later the company manufactured another cyclecar of similar design, thought this one featured a single-cylinder engine

List of yoga schools - Eclectic styles
*1935: Kundalini Yoga described by Sivananda Saraswati

Ruby Cycle Co Ltd - Cyclecars
As well as motor cycles the company also made cyclecars at two separate times. There was a major boom in cyclecar production before World War I and between 1913 and 1914 one was made under the Royal Ruby name with 10hp V twin JAP engine, two speed gearbox and either shaft or belt drive to the rear wheels. Only a few are thought to have been made.

Ruby Cycle Co Ltd - Cyclecars
Another Royal Ruby car, this time a three wheeler was announced in 1927 with single cylinder JAP engine but again very few were made. A modified version appeared in 1928 called the MEB made by commercial vehicle bodybuilders Bromilow and Edwards in Bolton.

Architecture of Sydney - 1830s to 1850s: eclectic neo-Gothic
The derivative Neoclassical architecture|neo-Classical Georgian architecture|Georgian style was being replaced with the more ornate and eclectic Gothic Revival

Architecture of Sydney - 1830s to 1850s: eclectic neo-Gothic
Public, commercial and domestic architecture overlooked the local climate in favour of styles transported from Britain, and projects with substantial budgets often produced an indiscriminate eclecticism

Eclecticism in music Eclecticism can also be through quotations, whether of a style (e.g., [ Shostakovich: Symphony No

Douglas (motorcycles) - Cyclecar
A version of Joseph Barter's horizontal twin cylinder engine of 1070cc capacity, water cooled, was fitted to a two seat cyclecar in It was better equipped than the average cyclecar of the era featuring shaft drive from the front mounted engine to the rear wheels and was sold for £200. The rear suspension was unusual with a horizontal coil spring mounted above the differential (mechanical device)|differential, the front used a beam axle and semi-elliptic leaf springing.

Douglas (motorcycles) - Cyclecar
Production was suspended during World War I and when the car re-appeared in 1919 the engine was enlarged to 1224cc and the price had risen to £400 then to £500. This proved to be too expensive and sales dried up after a few hundred had been made. No original cars survive but a replica using some original parts has been made.

Eclectus The parrot genus 'Eclectus' consists of two species, the extant Eclectus Parrot (Eclectus roratus) and the extinct Oceanic Eclectus Parrot (Eclectus infectus).

Eclectus parrot Joseph Forshaw, in his book Parrots of the World, noted that the first European ornithologists to see eclectus parrots thought they were of two distinct species

Eclectus parrot - Taxonomy
Ornithologists usually classify the eclectus parrot as a member of tribe Psittaculini in the Psittacidae family of order Psittaciformes. However, some recent thought indicates that there is a great deal of commonality between the eclectus parrot and the Lorini tribe.

Sir D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson noted there were similarities in the skull between the eclectus parrot and members of the genus Geoffroyus, specifically in the auditory meatus and the prefrontal reaching but not joining the squamosal bones. The skull of members the genus Tanygnathus is also generally similar.

The eclectus parrot is the most sexually dimorphic of all the parrot species. The contrast between the brilliant emerald green plumage of the male and the deep red/purple plumage of the female is so marked that the two birds were, until the early 20th century, considered to be different species.

infectus had proportionally smaller wings than the eclectus parrot

Eclectus parrot - Subspecies
However, most eclectus skins in US museums are in good condition

*'Eclectus roratus roratus', known as the 'grand eclectus', is found on Buru, Seram, Ambon Island|Ambon, Saparua and Haruku in the southern Maluku Islands. The subspecies begins intergrading with race vosmaeri on Seram.

*'Eclectus roratus vosmaeri', known as the 'Vosmaer's eclectus' or 'Vos eclectus', was originally described by Rothschild

*'Eclectus roratus cornelia', known as the 'Sumba Island eclectus parrot', is restricted to Sumba island in the Lesser Sunda Islands. Also larger than the nominate, the male is a paler shade of green overall and has a bluer tail. The female has an all red plumage, except for the Primary feather|primaries which are a dark royal blue. It was described by Bonaparte.

*'Eclectus roratus riedeli', known as the 'Tanimbar Islands eclectus parrot', is found on the Tanimbar Islands. It is smaller than the nominate race. The male has a more bluish tinge to its green cheeks and neck, and its tail is edged with a broad band of yellow. The female has all red plumage, except for royal blue primaries and a broad band of yellow to edge the tail.

*'Eclectus roratus polychloros', known as the 'New Guinea red-sided eclectus parrot', was named by Scopoli

*'Eclectus roratus macgillivrayi', known as the 'Australian eclectus parrot', was named by Gregory Mathews in It is found on the tip of Cape York Peninsula. It resembles polychloros but is larger overall.

*'Eclectus roratus solomonensis', known as the 'Solomon Island eclectus parrot', resembles polychloros but is smaller overall with smaller bills and paler orange in the upper mandible of the male. The green of the male has a more yellow tint, quite similar to the green of the vosmaeri.

Eclectus parrot - Dubious subspecies
*Aru Island eclectus parrot (Eclectus roratus aruensis) – While some believe this bird is doubtfully valid from polychloros others believe it is a distinct subspecies, as the rich yellow on the tail tip of the male often is infused with pink, orange or bright red. At this point, no male eclectus in other subspecies has been described with this type of tail feather coloring. The Aru Island eclectus specimens are also larger than polychloros, often weighing 100grams or more than polychloros.

*Biak Island eclectus parrot (Eclectus roratus biaki) – While some believe the Biak eclectus is doubtfully valid from polychloros others believe it is a distinct subspecies due to the size difference, vocalization and behavior differences.

*Westerman's eclectus parrot (Eclectus roratus westermani) – Many of the museum specimens have clipped wings and clipped tails and there is no uniformity in the coloration of the female specimens, indicating the likelihood of these specimens being cross bred aviary birds. However, Joseph Forshaw doubted it was an aberration, and its status remains unclear. If it ever existed, it is extinct today.

Eclectus parrot - Description
The grand eclectus female is mostly bright red with a darker hue on the back and wings

Eclectus parrot - Description
The above description is for the nominate race

Eclectus parrot - Diet In captivity the eclectus parrot does benefit from a variety of fresh fruits and vegetables, leafy greens such as endive and dandelion, as well as a variety of seeds, including spray millet, and a few nuts such as shelled almonds and shelled walnuts.

Eclectus parrot - Breeding
This unique breeding strategy may explain the pronounced sexual dimorphism of the eclectus, as it is the female which must remain conspicuous at the entry to the nest hole, (in order to advertise her presence at her hollow to males and rival females), but well hidden when in the depths of the nest, because the red color hides her well in the darkness

Two white 40.0x31.0mm (1.5x1.2 in) eggs are laid, which are incubated for 28–30 days. Young fledge at about 11 weeks of age.

Although eclectus parrots may reach sexual maturity earlier or later, they usually reach it between 2–3 years.[ Vetafarm]

It is often possible to place abandoned eggs from other parrot species beneath a broody eclectus hen, which she will readily accept and then happily incubate to the point of hatching and even rearing the hatched chick to the point it is removed from the nest.

Adult females with poor nest hollows often commit Infanticide (zoology)|infanticide on the male, if they produce both a male and a female chick. Inadequate nest hollows have a habit of flooding in heavy rain, drowning the chicks or eggs inside. This reported infanticide in wild pairs may be the result of other causes, since this behavior is not observed in captive pairs where the hen selectively kills male chicks.

Eclectus parrot - Aviculture
Nuts and seeds provide vitamin E, but should be limited in order to avoid too much fat in the diet, as eclectus parrots can become obese.

The captive eclectus can be susceptible to spasm|muscle spasms known as toe-tapping and wing flipping

Eclectus parrots are prone to feather destruction (picking, pulling, cutting and or barbing) in captivity

Many eclectus parrots in captivity in Australia are apparently hybrids between subspecies polychloros and solomonensis, as Sydney's Taronga Park Zoo had a flock of these in a large aviary many years ago. Specimens of the Australian subspecies macgillivrayi have only recently entered the aviculture market in Australia and are more expensive.Forshaw, 2006

The average lifespan of the eclectus parrots in captivity is unknown, since these birds were not kept in captivity in great numbers until the 1980s. Some sources consider the lifespan to be 30 years. The maximum reliably recorded longevity for this species is 28.5 years, however a lifespan of 40.8 years has also been reported.

Eclecticism in art In music the term used may be either Eclecticism in music|eclecticism, crossover (music)|crossover music, or polystylism.

Eclecticism in art - In the visual arts
The term 'eclectic' was first used by Johann Joachim Winckelmann to characterize the art of the The Carracci|Carracci, who incorporated in their paintings elements from the Renaissance and Art in ancient Greece#Classical|classical traditions

Eclecticism in art - In the visual arts
In the 18th century, Sir Joshua Reynolds, head of the Royal Academy of Arts in London, was one of the most influential advocates of eclecticism. In the sixth of his famous academical Discourses (1774), he wrote that the painter may use the work of the ancients as a magazine of common property, always open to the public, whence every man has a right to take what materials he pleases (Reynolds 1775, ).

Eclecticism in art - Western architecture
Eclecticism was an important concept in Western architecture during the mid- and late 19th century, and it reappeared in a new guise in the latter part of the 20th century (Muthesius 2008).

Eclecticism in art - Sources
*Hume, Helen D. (1998). The Art Teacher's Book of Lists. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. ISBN

*Muthesius, Stefan. Eclecticism. Grove Art Online. Oxford Art Online. (subscription access) (accessed 19 September 2008)

*Reynolds, Joshua (1775). A Discourse, Delivered to the Students of the Royal Academy, on the Distribution of the Prizes, Dec. the 10th, London: T. Davies.

Premier Motorcycles - Cyclecars
After the First World War bicycle or motorcycle production was not resumed and the new cyclecar business was acquired by Singer Motors in 1921 although Premier motorcycles were produced under licence in Czechoslovakia throughout the 1930s.

Alexander Goehr - Eclecticism and synthesis
All of Goehr's works are, in one way or another, studies in the synthesis of several, different elements

Another red-thread element of The Deluge is that it takes its cue from an unfinished project—Eisenstein never carried out this particular project

From a strictly technical musical level, Goehr's endeavour has long been that of unifying the contrapuntal rigor and motivic workings of the First Viennese School and Second Viennese School with a strong sense of harmonic pacing and sonority

Rudge-Whitworth - Rudge Cyclecar
Between 1912 and 1913 the company entered the booming cyclecar market

Rudge-Whitworth - Rudge Cyclecar
There are reports that the two seat bodies had the seats staggered to fit in the narrow body, but this is not evident from the photograph taken at the 1912 Olympia Motor Cycle and Cycle Car show.

Categories of New Testament manuscripts - Category III– Eclectic
The manuscripts in category III are important when discussing the history of the textual traditions and to a lesser degree for establishing the original text. The manuscripts usually contain independent readings, and have a distinctive character. Family 1|f1, Family 13|f13 are examples of manuscript families that fall within this category. Manuscripts of this category usually present mixed or eclectic text-type.

Freeform (radio format) - Freeform radio vs. eclectic radio
'Eclectic radio' describes radio programming encompassing diverse music genres. Unlike freeform radio, the eclectic radio format involves prescribed playlists. While freeform radio stands in contrast to commercial radio formats, a number of commercial radio stations offer programs showcasing an eclectic variety of music.

Some eclectic radio stations in the United States are:

*KUOM (University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota)

*WHPK (University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois)

Michel Legrand - Eclecticism
During various periods of creative work, Legrand became a conductor for orchestras in St

Legrand has also recorded classical piano pieces by Erik Satie and American composers such as Amy Beach, George Gershwin, Aaron Copland, John Cage, and Conlon Nancarrow. He is a prolific recorder of jazz, popular and classical music albums, having released over one hundred.

His sister, Christiane Legrand, was a member of the Swingle Singers, and his niece Victoria Legrand is a member of the indie rock duo Beach House (band)|Beach House.[ Paste Magazine :: Feature :: Band of the Week: Beach House]

Chris Douridas - Eclectic24
On Labor Day, September 7, 2009, KCRW launched Eclectic24, an online 24-hour music channel. Created and curated by Douridas, who has programmed the channel since its inception, the concept features a continuous original mix of its unique eclectic programming, including many exclusive live tracks captured from on air performances first broadcast on its flagship daily music program Morning Becomes Eclectic and other programs.

Schizosaccharomyces pombe - Life cycleCell Cycle
Schizosaccharomyces pombe - Life cycleCell Cycle. Principles of Control by David O Morgan, Primers in Biology The fission yeast is a single-celled fungus with simple, fully characterized genome and a rapid growth rate. It has long since been used in brewing, baking, and molecular genetics. S. pombe is a rod-shaped cell, approximately 3µm in diameter, that grows entirely by elongation at the ends. After mitosis, division occurs by the formation of a septum, or cell plate, that cleaves the cell at its midpoint.

Schizosaccharomyces pombe - Life cycleCell Cycle. Principles of Control by David O Morgan, Primers in Biology The central events of cell reproduction are chromosome duplication, which takes place in S (Synthetic) phase, followed by chromosome segregation and nuclear division (mitosis) and cell division (cytokinesis), which are collectively called M (Mitotic) phase.G1 is the gap between M and S phases, and G2 is the gap between S and M phases

Schizosaccharomyces pombe - Life cycleCell Cycle. Principles of Control by David O Morgan, Primers in Biology Fission yeast governs mitosis by mechanisms that are similar to those in multicellular animals. It normally proliferates in a haploid state. When starved, cells of opposite mating types (P and M) fuse to form a diploid zygote that immediately enters meiosis to generate four haploid spores. When conditions improve, these spores germinate to produce proliferating haploid cells.

Morning Becomes Eclectic
'Morning Becomes Eclectic' (MBE) is a three-hour adult album alternative radio program first aired in 1977 and broadcast live every weekday from KCRW in Santa Monica, California. The show's name is a play on the Eugene O'Neill trilogy of plays, Mourning Becomes Electra.

The show is hosted by Jason Bentley, who also serves as the station's program director.[ KCRW names Jason Bentley music director, 'Morning Becomes Eclectic' host] MBE was previously hosted by Tom Schnabel (July November 1990), Chris Douridas ( ) [ Morning Becomes Eclectic 30th anniversary in 2007] and Nic Harcourt ( November 2008)

The show is repeated twice on KCRW's music webcast, and live performances are also sometimes available as audio and video podcasts. Typically, the show features two or three live performances each week during the last hour of the day's broadcast.

Morning Becomes Eclectic - KCRW Sounds Eclectico
KCRW Sounds Eclectico is a compilation album featuring live performances by leading Latin alternative artists on Morning Becomes Eclectic. The album was released by Nacional Records and co-produced by the show’s host Nic Harcourt and veteran Latin rock artist manager Tomas Cookman.

Morning Becomes Eclectic - KCRW Sounds Eclectico
Some of the recordings were re-broadcast on the weekly syndicated program Sounds Eclectic distributed by Public Radio International

Morning Becomes Eclectic - Track listing
* Julieta Venegas – Lo Que Pidas

* Juana Molina – Insensible

* Jorge Drexler – El Pianista del Gueto de Varsovia

* Thievery Corporation – Shadows of Ourselves

* Aterciopelados – Baracunatana

* Manu Chao – Clandestino

* El Gran Silencio – Sound System Municipal

Four Crown Princes of Hell - Abramelin and contemporary eclectic occultism
Since the time of Mathers' translation, The Book of the Sacred Magic of Abramelin the Mage has remained popular among English-speaking ceremonial magicians and occultists interested in Hermetic Qabalah, Christian Kabbalah and grimoires

There are several important differences between the original manuscripts and Mathers' edition

A German translation, credited to Abraham of Worms and edited by Georg Dehn, was published in 2001 by Edition Araki. In the Dehn version, the fourth book is included and Mathers' galangal substitution is reverted to calamus (though not in the English translation — see Abramelin Oil). All 251 of the word squares are completely filled in. An English translation of Dehn's edition was published 2006 by the American publisher Nicholas Hays.

Neo-eclectic architecture
'Neo-eclectic architecture' is a name for an architectural style that has influenced residential building construction in North America in the later part of the 20th century and early part of the 21st. It is a contemporary version of Revivalism (architecture)|Architectural Revivalism that has perennially occurred since Neoclassical architecture developed in the mid 18th century.

Neo-eclectic architecture
In contrast to the occasionally faux and low-budget neo-eclectic detached homesteads, the term New Classical Architecture identifies contemporary buildings that stick to the basic ideals, proportions, materials and craftsmanship of traditional architecture.

Neo-eclectic architecture - Characteristics
Neo-eclectic architecture combines a wide array of decorative techniques taken from an assortment of different house styles. It is a response to the clean unadorned modernist styles, such as the Mid-Century modern and Ranch-style house that dominated North American residential design and construction in the first decades after the Second World War. It is an outgrowth of postmodern architecture. It differs from postmodernism in that it is not creatively experimental.

Neo-eclectic architecture - Applications
Some neo-eclectic buildings will combine an array of different historical styles in a single building

Neo-eclectic architecture - Applications
An important development leading to the modern neo-eclectic style is the popularity of Exterior Insulation Finishing System|EIFS, a form of external insulation that is easy to apply and can be coloured and shaped to appear like an array of different materials such as stucco and stone.

Neo-eclectic architecture - Critiques
Neo-eclectic architecture is most prominent in what are pejoratively known as McMansions, but it has been embraced by almost all residential builders. Across North America most suburbs built in the last three decades can largely be described as neo-eclectic .

Neo-eclectic architecture - Critiques
Critics of Neo-eclectic architecture see the style as pretentious, wasteful and/or garish.Cathleen McGuigan, [ The Mcmansion Next Door], Newsweek, October 27, Retrieved on

Universal Eclectic Wicca
'Universal Eclectic Wicca' (UEW) is one of a number of distinctly American Wiccan traditions which developed following the introduction of Gardnerian Wicca|Gardnerian and Alexandrian Wicca to the United States in the early 1960s. Its corporate body is the Wiccan church|Church of Universal Eclectic Wicca (CUEW) which is incorporated and based in Great Falls, Virginia.

Universal Eclectic Wicca
It is particularly noted for its early Internet teaching coven– the Coven of the Far Flung Net (CFFN), and for its inclusive approach to Wicca#Covens and solitary Wiccans|solitary as well as coven based practitioners.

Universal Eclectic Wicca - Silver Chalice Wicca
What was to become UEW began, in 1969, as the core coven associated with the Silver Chalice Land Trust; an intentional community based in Westchester County, New York|Westchester, New York.

Silver Chalice had a diverse membership drawing from both Dianic Wicca|Dianic and British Traditional Wicca|British Traditional Wiccan backgrounds. It was partly as a response to this diversity, as well as a perceived need for reform in Wicca, that their High Priestess, Jayne Tomas, began to create a body of liturgy for Silver Chalice Wicca as a distinct tradition.

A defining text is the Ordains of Silver Chalice, which may be seen as an attempt to refer to, and move away from, the Wiccan Laws|Old Laws of Gardnerian Wicca. Together with the Fifteen Creeds of Silver Chalice Wicca (1969) they emphasized modernism; democratic principles; historical, intellectual and personal integrity; race and gender equality; self-determination; and engagement with society.

Universal Eclectic Wicca - Change of name
By 1986 the land held by the Silver Chalice Land Trust was sold, and all the covens that originated with Silver Chalice were referred to as Universal Eclectic Wicca.

Universal Eclectic Wicca - Change of name
'Universal' because Wicca is universal because it can be used by all, and anything can be used in Wicca; and 'Eclectic' because UEW is based not on one or two sources, but an infinite number of sources.

Universal Eclectic Wicca - On-line teaching covens
In 1997 UEW chartered the Coven of the Far Flung Net (CFFN), which began operating in January of the following year; and which it maintains was the first on-line teaching coven. UEW has two other on-line teaching groups, the Coven of Non-Fluffy Wicca (2006), which is aimed at more advanced students with some prior knowledge of Wicca, and Vircle, for Third Circle Studies.

Universal Eclectic Wicca - Schisms
In 2004, following a reorganization of CFFN which abolished its then clan structure, one of the dissolved clans, [ Athames's Edge], re-established itself to form an independent Progressive Eclectic Wicca tradition.

Universal Eclectic Wicca - Schisms
Later, in 2008, the first Australian UEW coven, Circle of Oak and Mistletoe|Oak and Mistletoe, split away to establish the Inclusive Wicca Tradition|Inclusive Wicca tradition.

Universal Eclectic Wicca - Core beliefs
UEW allows for diverse interpretations of Wiccan practice and belief; provided that a core set of ethical values are observed. These are commonly referred to as the Five Points of Wiccan Belief and the Affirmation of Acknowledgement.

Universal Eclectic Wicca - Five Points
The Five Points of Wiccan belief are the Wiccan Rede, the Rule of Three (Wiccan)|The Law of Return, the Ethic of Self-Responsibility, the Ethic of Constant Improvement and the Ethic of Attunement.

Universal Eclectic Wicca - Affirmation of Acknowledgement
In addition to the 'Five Points', UEW requires its members to assent to the Affirmation of Acknowledgement, which is intended to inform behavior towards, and interaction with, those of other faiths. It states that: Quote|I: I acknowledge the presence of other faiths on my planet, indeed, right here in my city/town/village. I acknowledge that the followers of these faiths feel as strongly, maybe more so, than I do about mine.

II: I forgive the other faiths and wipe clean the slate between us. I cannot hold a person responsible for the acts of their faith, I cannot hold a faith at fault for individual practitioners. It is not my place to convert, or otherwise alter a person's religion. I invite discussion of beliefs without judgment of those holding them.

III: I acknowledge that I may be wrong, and I have found comfort in the fact that I may be right.

Universal Eclectic Wicca - Types of membership
There are five types of membership recognized in UEW:

Universal Eclectic Wicca - Triad
The executive body of CUEW is the three-person Triad. The Triad is solely responsible for extending or withholding membership of CUEW to both individuals and groups. Each member of the Triad is responsible for the selection and training of their successor.

Universal Eclectic Wicca - Council of Elders
The Triad is advised and assisted by a Council of Elders. Any Third Circle member may nominate themselves for membership of the Council of Elders. The Council of Elders annually elects one of their number as Chief Elder.

Universal Eclectic Wicca - Association of Universal Eclectic Wicca Clergy
The Association of Universal Eclectic Wicca Clergy (AUEWC), is responsible for the ratification of Ordained Clergy. CUEW covens with eight or more.

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