1. Thyroid gland
Anni, Pauliina & Emma

2. Anatomy weight: 15-25 g Consists of follicles Located in lower neck
Core of a follicle is surrounded by single layer of follicular cells
Located in lower neck
Structure: two lobes are connected by narrow isthmus

3. triiodothyronine (T3) and thryoxine (T4)
Amino acid derivative
Triiodothyronine is the main form and 3 times as effective as thryoxine
Affect the regulation of anbolic metabolism:
Increase of heat production and oxygen consumption
Increase of glynoneogenesis and glycolysis
Acceleration of lipolysis  increase of fatty acid amount in blood
Increase of synthesis and removal of cholesterol

4. CalCitonin Peptide hormone Secreted from parafollicular C-cells
Inhibits osteoclasts by binding to receptors of their surface
Decreases the reabsorbtion of calcium in kidneys

5. Regulation of Hormone production
TRH
Hypothalamus
TSH
Pituitary gland
Thyroid gland
T3,T4 and calcitonin

6. Thyroid conditions Hyperthyroidism = over-function of thyroid gland
Caused usually by Graves disease (80%)
Autoimmune disease
TSH cannot regulate due to overdose of antibodies which bind to TSH receptors overgrowth
Untreated hyperthyroidism can lead to bone problems and thryoid storm
Symptoms: tiredness, eye problems, loss of weight, sweating, nervousness, high heart rate, breathing problems, swollen thyroid gland
Treatment: thyreostatics, β-blockers, radioactive iodine

7. Thyroid conditions Hypothyroidism = lack of thyroid hormone Causes:
Inflammated thyroid gland
Medical treatments
Example symptoms: fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, muscle aches and cramps, depression
Treatment: medical treatment

8. Thyroid conditions Thyroid nodules common, mostly harmless
Thyroid cancer
Common but not fatal
Symptoms: hoarseness, neck pain, enlarged lymph nodes
Thyroiditis
Inflammation of thyroid gland
Associated with hypothyroidism
5 different types

9. Sources