1. MODULE 9 – Romanticism and Industrial Revolution
An Architect’s Dream – Thomas Cole, 1842

2. Late Renaissance, Mannerism, Baroque and Rococo.
This Week’s Agenda:
Late Renaissance, Mannerism, Baroque and Rococo.
MODULE 9 – power and passion…
Romanticism / Classicism
Industrial Revolution
MODULE 10 – art, art, art…
Arts and Crafts
Art Nouveau
Art Deco
Denise Scott Brown is an American architect, planner, writer, educator, and principal of the firm Venturi, Scott Brown and Associates in Philadelphia. B.1931

3. The Age of Decadence
Rennaissance – Mannerism - Baroque & Rococo – Neoclassicism + Romanticism

4. QUIZ
On a piece of paper, show the progression of squares within the golden rectangle and write the number that is associated with the golden ratio.
Which architectural style developed this?

5. The Architect’s Dream. Thomas Cole, 1840.3 9 10 8 7 6 5 1 1 4 2

6. Romanticism / Classicism
“Modern architecture is a product of Western Civilization. It began to take shape during the later eighteenth century with the democratic and industrial revolutions.… .”
Baroque and Rococo came to an abrupt end. Normally an artistic phase dies out over several decades. With more sober and ponderous empires, Europe turned to a matching classical architecture.
The artificiality of Rococo art and architecture was seen as symptomatic of the corruption of the ancien régime
“…believed it was imperative to strip away the corrupting influence of the culture of the ancien régime to arrive at the natural condition of humankind…to create a new, purer, more functionally and structurally expressive architecture from the deliberate and rational design of a new social order…”

7. Frontispiece of Marc-Antoine Laugier, Essai sur l’architecture (Paris, 1753) “…the purest architecture (is) that most suited to fundamental human needs and to basic human society … architecture had to get back to basics”

8. A multiplicity of architectural options
A growing yearning for a return to clear forms and to proportional relationships with the revival of Palladian architecture in England by the republishing of Palladio’s Four Books (“Quattro Libre”)
Inigo Jones ( ) is a significant English architect who first used Palladian architecture
Queen’s House at Greenwich,

9. Houghton Hall, Norfolk England. Robert Walpole, 1722-42.

10. Royal Crescent at Bath, 1774 John Wood the Younger
dramatic Palladian frontage
30 terraced townhouses

11. Houses of Parliament
London, England
Charles Barry and A.W.N. Pugin (leader of the Gothic Revival)

12. Symbols of the rise of the middle class
Reform Club 1837
Pall Mall
Charles Barry
Italianate manner

13. Industrial Revolution

14. Crystal Palace
Great Exhibition of the Industry of All Nations
Hyde Park, London, 1851

15. Industrial Revolution
The confidence apparent in the architecture of the age of elegance in the preceding century had evaporated
It was an age of uncertainty
Emergence of the bourgeoisie
The fashionable architecture of the nineteenth century was designed to meet middle-class aspirations
Started in Britain (1750 – 1850)
New way of making things
Exploitation of Natural Resources
Begun with the exploitation of water and coal
Spread with a relentless force throughout the world
Dramatic increase in urban population
Demand for new buildings swelled
Need for designs that will satisfy the new building types for a changing society

16. Engineer W. H. Barlow,
St. Pancras Train Shed 1868
Gothic shaped roof, 243 ft. wide 600 ft. long,
Point of the arch standing 100 ft. above rail level.
Largest enclosed space in the world when built

17. The Crystal Palace
Built in Hyde Park, London for the Great Exhibition of that 1851 celebrating the achievement of modern industry.
Designed by Sir Joseph Paxton, it was a “freak” creation for a very special moment. It could not be a starting point for the future because it was not related to the past.
He went on to design
historicist chateaux.

18. Crystal Palace
Great Exhibition of 1851 -

19. Industrial Revolution
No more “age of elegance”
Started in Britain (1750 – 1850)
New way of making things + the exploitation of natural resources
Dramatic increase in urban population
Need for designs that will satisfy the new building types for a changing society
Innovation, worldliness, new materials, larger quantities
Crystal Palace
Great Exhibition of the Industry of All Nations
Hyde Park, London, 1851
Eiffel Tower, Paris, 1889, Gustave Eiffel.

20. Arts and Crafts
The Arts and Crafts movement was an international movement in the decorative and fine arts that flourished in Europe and North America between 1880 and 1910, emerging in Japan in the 1920s.
traditional craftsmanship
simple forms
medieval, romantic or
folk styles of decoration
anti-industrial
Interior, Drawing Room. Red House, London England, Philip Webb and William Morris.

21. Arts and Crafts
Decorative and fine arts movement between 1880 and 1910
traditional craftsmanship
simple forms
medieval, romantic or folk styles of decoration
anti-industrial
Inspired by the writings of John Ruskin
Red House, London England, Philip Webb and William Morris.

22. John Ruskin (1819 – 1900) was the leading English art critic of the Victorian era, also an art patron, draughtsman, watercolourist, a prominent social thinker and philanthropist.
Best known for his architectural treatise. The Seven Lamps of Architecture provided intellectual authority that enabled the public to distinguish the good and the bad, what is wrong and right in architecture.

23. Arts and Crafts
Frank Lloyd Wright Home and Studio, Oak Park, Illinois, Built for $5000!

24. Arts and Crafts
Frank Lloyd Wright Home and Studio, Oak Park, Illinois, Built for $5000!

25. Art Nouveau
Decorative art, architecture, and design prominent in western Europe and the US from about 1890 until World War I
characterized by intricate linear designs and flowing curves based on natural forms.
Asymmetrical shapes
Extensive use of arches and curved forms
Curved glass
Curving, plant-like embellishments
Mosaics
Stained glass
Japanese motifs
Victor Guimot, Paris metro station

26. Art Nouveau
Art Nouveau (new art) - a style of decorative art, architecture, and design prominent in western Europe and the US from about 1890 until World War I and characterized by intricate linear designs and flowing curves based on natural forms.
Art Nouveau Architect Victor Horta's Tassel House stairway in Brussels. 1894

27. Art Nouveau
Modernisme
La Pradera, , Barcelona. Antoni Gaudi.

28. Art Nouveau Modernisme
Sagrada Familia, started in 1882, Barcelona. Antoni Gaudi.

29. Art Nouveau Modernisme
Sagrada Familia, started in 1882, Barcelona. Antoni Gaudi.

30. Art Deco
Art Deco is an influential visual arts design style that first appeared in France just before World War I and began flourishing internationally in the 1920s, 1930s and 1940s before its popularity waned after World War II.
Craft motifs + machine imagery
Bold geometries + lavish ornamentation
Embraced technology
The Chrysler Building, New York , William Van Allen

31. Art Deco
1920s, 1930s and 1940s before its popularity waned after World War II.
Craft motifs + machine imagery
Bold geometries + lavish ornamentation
Embraced technology
Union Terminal (1933) Cincinnati, Ohio Designed by Alfred T. Fellheimer, Steward Wagner, Paul Philippe Cret, and Roland Wank

32. Art Deco
Clifton Hill, Australia, 1930s.

33. What’s next?
Having been introduced to six new architectural styles, divide yourselves into 6 groups of equal(ish) size. Your instructor will assign one of the styles to each of you.
Baroque
Romantic Classicism
Industrial Revolution
Arts and Crafts
Art Nouveau
Art Deco
Your task is to find 1 building in Europe that exemplifies the style and one building in the Americas that exemplifies the style.
On the board, draw a sketch of each of the buildings and write out 3 points that show that it is part of the style that it is attributed to.
Don’t forget to include its location, the date of construction, and of course the architect.
** You can’t choose a building that we have already discussed in class.

34. Paper Carry Brick(s) In preparation for next week…. Paper carry bricks
Fig 1: Bricks
Fig. 1 Bricks:
Fig. 2 Paper:
Fig 2: Paper
Make a group composed of 2-3 students
With 2 pieces of paper, create a free standing structure with a minimum height of 6” that can support at least a piece of brick place on top of it

35. Johnson Wax Building 1936 to 1939
Frank Lloyd Wright encountered a similar problem when he designed a really slender column for the Johnson Wax building
The commissioner from the city Engineering office will not issue a permit for the structure to be constructed unless they conduct a test: The column will be made to carry twice the amount of load it was designed to carry
Load to carry: 6 Tons
Load it will be subjected to: 12 tons
If it pass the test, then the permit will be issued
Watch what happens in the next slides video

36. Johnson Wax Building Column Test 1939
Video text translation
le batiment Johnson
johnson building
un vaste batiment qui inpire a travailler autant qu une cathedrale a adorer dieu
a vast building which has inpire work so that a cathedral to worship god
After the video analyze the exercise (Paper Post) and how FLW was able to convince the Engineers to allow him to build his structure using the slender post that he designed
Culture
What was the goal of the Johnsons in commissioning this building?
Function
What was this building for, what will its function be?
Technology
What were the concerns of the Engineers?
Aesthetics
What was FLW trying to achieve?
Link to the column test:
Watch this in class
Link to the entire video:
The students will be encourage to watch the entire video

37. Johnson Wax Building 1936 to 1939
Play the video link below to show how the finished building looks like
After the video analyze the exercise (Paper Post) and how FLW was able to convince the Engineers to allow him to build his structure using the slender post that he designed
Culture
What was the goal of the Johnsons in commissioning this building?
Function
What was this building for, what will its function be?
Technology
What were the concerns of the Engineers?
Aesthetics
What was FLW trying to achieve?
Link to the entire video:
The students will be encourage to watch the entire video
Translation
donne-leur ce qu'ils veulent Fank, sinon tu vas perde la commande
Give them what they want Fank , or you'll lose control
Il m'a insulte sur toute la ligne et je l'ai insulte mais si ce type peut parler de cette facon, c'set qu'il a quelque chose
He insults down the line and I insult but if this guy can speak in this way , it has something c'set
Cette fois je veux un batiment simple, quelque chose dans le style d'une usine, rien d'aussi raffine ni dispendieux que le batiment principal
This time I want a simple building , something in the style of a factory, anything so refined nor expensive than the main building