1. Who is stronger?
MEDIA OR POLITICS

2. Media - Functions Inform Entertain Influence by editors
Present advertisement
Transmit the culture

3. Politics – Functions Management of the state Control power
Inform about controlling
Creating the rules
Present nationality

4. Who CONTROLS the SOURCE of the INFORMATION, CONTROLS the PEOPLE.

5. MEDIA versus POLITICS FIGHT for public controlling COOPERATING
politic PR, business

6. Four theories of the Press
Authoritarian Theory
Libertarian Theory
The soviet communism Theory
The social responsibility Theory

7. Authoritarian Theory The oldest theory of the press
When mass communication history started with Gutenberg … it is important to control flow of the information – state licensing for printers…
Prosecuted journalists
In many Western cultures by the second half of 18. century

8. examples
Burma – controlling media State controlled by military junta… International human rights organizations trying to fight for the people from Burma… MEDIA – access to a country for international journalists is impossible… illegal Burmese reporters – most of them arrested in 2007

9. Burma
Reporters sending materials thru satellite to the world…. High risk journalism

10. Burma protest 2007

11. Police hit them and arrested

12. Libertarian Theory
Press keeps the Individual informed about the operation of government
Bill of Rights guarantee – free speech and free press
Inform about scandals – such a Bill Clinton and Monica Lewinska, Watergate
People s right to know is an essential ingredient of a free society

13. Watergate Burglary at Washington office complex Watergate
5 men tried to plant wiretap into the office of
Nixon's Democratic opponents…
MEDIA found out that it was made by Nixon's people…because of the presidential election…- CIA hide the truth…

14. Journalists in Watergate
Two young men Carl Bernstein and Bob Woodward
In Miami, Bernstein learned that a $25,000 check for Nixon's reelection campaign had been deposited in the bank account of one of the burglars.
Nixon resign

15. The Soviet communist Theory
In Europe = everything controlled by politics
… political prisoners…
VISION: State must be protected from a free an unregulated press…
View of beautiful life in communism…propaganda

16. NORTH KOREA Communism…media controlled by government
Political prisoners
Head of the state :
KIM ČONG-il

17. The Social responsibility Theory
Media as a business
Selling more then serious information
Different owners..different opinions…
Political PR – we will show you, you will support us…

18. PROBLEMS
WATCHDOG FUNCTION – put government and media to negative relationship…at least some times…otherwise criticism from opponent political groups…
BLAMING THE MESSENGER – it is simply human to blame the messenger for bad information, media following the person that much that they can destroy his career …
BIASES – everyone own view…journalists just people…wants to influence and put themselves to the story… make the story bigger then it is…
BAD NEWS ONLY MYTH – that is what sells
MYTH OF MEDIA TRUTH – I saw it in TV…it has to be truth

19. BLAMING THE MESSENGER CLINTON – LEWINSKY
Big political sex scandal in White House
All the media were blaming president for unserious behaving with Lewinsky…
Influenced PUBLIC I

20. BIASES
PHOTOS IN REUTERS…HOW TO SEE THE WAR IN THE MIDDLE EAST

21. Adnan Hajj
Arabic Photographer – worked for Reuters as freelancer 10 years
Then came the war in his country
He was into the story
His nationality won…destroyed ethical rules…
He manipulated with photos of the war with Photoshop
After scandal he was fired…Reuters lost another points of seriosity….

22. Lebanon versus Israel The war in 2006 – media war
Journalists could not access to Lebanese part
ARABIAN FREELANCE JOURNALISTS
Israel controlled the information – psychological moment with destroyed house… journalist on the trip…war PR
TRAVEL WITH SOLDIERS

24. DISCUSSION
Examples of some other cases of authoritarian press theory….

25. PRACTICAL PROJECT…
Choose in media one of the journalist problems…biases, blaming the messenger…bad news only or watchdog function….and write your opinion about it…or make a presentation or bring the newspaper with you so you can speak about it…