1. Age of Discovery
Standard: Analyze the impact of the age of discovery and expansion into the Americas, Africa, and Asia.
Essential Question: What was the impact of the age of discovery and expansion into the Americas, Africa, and Asia?

2. Technology
Element: Explain the role of improved technology in European exploration; include the astrolabe.
Vocabulary: astrolabe

3. Reasons for Exploration
Marco Polo: fascinated by Marco Polo’s account of his travels to the court of Kublai Khan and the exotic East

4. Reasons for Exploration
Ottoman Empire: made traveling to the East by land difficult in the fourteenth-century. Europeans wanted a route by sea

5. Reasons for Exploration
God: the desire to spread the Catholic faith to native peoples
Gold: the desire for wealth was a large part of European expansion. Merchants, adventurers, and government officials hoped to find precious metals in, and expand trade with the East, especially trade in spices
Glory: Adventure comprised another motive for European expansion

6. Reasons for Exploration
European Monarchs: had expanded their power and resources to a point of being able to support ambitious expansion by the fifteenth century
Technology: reached a level of technology that made a series of regular, long voyages possible

7. Compass
helped to figure out which direction sailors were traveling North, South, East, or West
also how many degrees they were sailing

8. Maps The Gridded Map measured longitude and latitude helped sailors:
measure the distance between one place and another
find routes to places they traveled to or wanted to discover

9. Sextant measure the angle of an astral body from the horizon
allowed navigators to solve half the problem of fixing a position at sea
could determine vessel's latitude

10. Astrolabe an angle-measuring tool measure a star(sun)
had more accuracy on dry land than on the boat

11. Sailing
Caravel:
a boat with a rounded bottom with room for lots of cargo that would be useful for carrying goods for trade
favored for its speed and maneuverability

12. Sailing Lateen Sail: a triangular shaped sail
much better than a square sail
lighter in the air
easier for sailors to steer
for coastal sailing

13. Explorers
Element: Explain the roles of explorers and conquistadors to include Zheng He, Vasco da Gama, Christopher Columbus, Ferdinand Magellan, James Cook and Samuel de Champlain
Vocabulary: explorer, conquistador, Zheng He, Vasco da Gama, Christopher Columbus, Ferdinand Magellan, James Cook, Samuel de Champlain

14. Zheng He Sailed from China around 1405-1433
Led 7 voyages that went to Southeast Asia and eastern Africa
After the 7th voyage China withdrew and went into isolation

15. Zheng He

16. Prince Henry the Navigator
Brother to the King of Portugal
Set up a school for navigation at Cape St. Vincent in 1418
Hired experts to teach regardless of their faith or nationality
Spent 40 years studying and teaching cartography, ship building, instrument use, and geography

17. Bartholomew Dias Sailed from Portugal around 1487
First to sail around the Cape of Good hope, Africa

18. Christopher Columbus Sailed from Spain around 1492-1502
Discovered the “New” World
Landed in Caribbean Islands and South America

19. Christopher Columbus

20. Vasco da Gama Sailed from Portugal around 1497-1498
First European to reach India by sea

22. John Cabot Sailed from England around 1497-1498
Looked for waterways to Pacific along the North American coast

23. Amerigo Vespucci Sailed from Spain around 1499
Scouted the coast of North and South America
America is named after this explorer

24. Vasco Nunez de Balboa Sailed from Spain around 1513
Found the Pacific Ocean by crossing Panama in Central America

25. Juan Ponce de Leon Sailed from Spain around 1513
Searched for “Fountain of Youth”
based in St. Augustine, Florida

26. Hernando Cortez Sailed from Spain around 1519-1521
Defeated the Aztecs in Mexico they thought he was a god

27. Ferdinand Magellan Sailed from Spain around 1519-1522
Led first exploration that sailed around the world
His crew made it even though Magellan died during the trip

29. Francisco Pizarro Sailed from Spain around 1531
Conquered Incas in Peru

30. Jacques Cartier Sailed from France around 1534-1536
Explored St. Lawrence seaway looking for a waterway to the Pacific

31. Hernando de Soto Sailed from Spain around 1539-1542
Searched for gold from the Carolinas to Oklahoma

32. Sir Francis Drake Sailed from England around 1579-1580
Stole treasure from Spanish ships
Also sailed around the world

33. Sir Walter Raleigh Sailed from England around 1587
sponsored first English settlement in Roanoke

34. Samuel de Champlain Sailed from France around 1604-1606
Established fur trade settlements in Canada
A map maker and sailor

36. James Cook Sailed from England around 1769 & 1770
Claimed New Zealand and parts of Australia for England

38. Columbian Exchange
Element: Define the Columbian Exchange and its global economic and cultural impact.
Vocabulary: Columbian Exchange

39. Columbian Exchange
 a period of cultural and biological exchanges between the New and Old Worlds
plants
animals
diseases
technology
transformed European and Native American ways of life

41. Mercantilism
Economic belief that a nation was trying to establish a favorable balance of trade
Meant they made a profit when they exported more than they imported
Establishment of colonies became essential to this competition that grew between European nations
Provided raw materials
Source of trade of manufactured goods

42. Trans-Atlantic Trade trade moving across the Atlantic Ocean
also known as the triangular trade

43. Impact on Slavery
A Spanish ship carried the first boatload of African slaves to the Americas in 1518
trade grew tremendously in the next two centuries
became part of the New World’s economy of the triangular trade

44. Middle Passage
Refers to the journey to the Americas that was the middle leg of the triangular trade route