1. Respiratory system

2. Respiratory system
Understand the impact of a healthy, active lifestyle on the respiratory system
The main function of the respiratory system and respiration
Immediate and short-term effects of participation in exercise
Long-term effects of regular participation in exercise
Effects of recreational drugs

3. Mind map the following questions
What is the purpose of the respiratory system?
Why does an athlete benefit from an efficient respiratory system?
What would happen if the athlete worked extremely hard? Can you explain this

4. To bring O2 into the body and take CO2 out
Allows more O2 to reach the blood and consequently the muscles. Important because the harder and longer the activity more the O2 is needed for the muscles to keep working.
Working too hard may result in oxygen debt

5. Pathways of the air
Using your labelled diagram of your lungs, can you bullet point the pathway of air (how the respiratory system works)
Be prepared to explain to the rest of the class

6. Respiration and exercise

7. Label the lungs In your books you should have labelled the lungs
Extension: can you explain the mechanism of breathing using the key words

8. Mechanisms of breathing – inspiration
Intercostal muscles pull ribs up and out
When you breathe in:
intercostal muscles between the ribs contract, pulling the chest walls up and out
the diaphragm muscle below the lungs contracts and flattens, increasing the size of the chest
the lungs increase in size, so the pressure inside them falls. This causes air to rush in through the nose or mouth.
Air is then warmed and moistened
Diaphragm contracts and moves down

9. Mechanisms of breathing – expiration
Ribs move in and down
When you breathe out:
Intercostal muscles between the ribs relax so that the chest walls move in and down.
The diaphragm muscle below the lungs relaxes and bulges up, reducing the size of the chest.
The lungs decrease in size, so the pressure inside increases and air is pushed up the trachea and out through the nose or mouth.
Diaphragm relaxes and bulges up

10. What happens during gaseous exchange? ( 1 minute)
Oxygen gets into the blood stream via the capillaries around the alveoli
Once it is in the blood it can get t0 the muscles where it is needed
This is called gaseous exchange

11. How is the respiratory system measured?
Two measurements help to estimate the efficiency of the respiratory system.
Tidal volume
Vital capacity
Task: 2 minutes to find out the difference between the two and write them down in your booklet

12. Tidal volume = amount of air inspired and expired with each normal breath at rest or during exercise
Vital capacity = the greatest amount of air that can be made to pass in and out of the lungs by the most forceful inspiration and expirations. Normally 4-5 litres.

13. Task: 7 minutes
Complete Homework 1 and worksheet 3 in your booklet.

14. What is aerobic/anaerobic respiration
When exercising very hard, the heart cannot get enough oxygen to the muscles.
Respiration then becomes anaerobic.
Glucose → energy + lactic acid
When the body is at rest this is aerobic respiration.
As you exercise you breathe harder and deeper and the heart beats faster to get oxygen to the muscles.
Glucose + oxygen → energy + water + carbon dioxide

15. Extension tasks/homework
Complete worksheet 4 and homework sheet 2
Use your prior knowledge on aerobic and anaerobic

16. Exit ticket What can you remember? Can you explain the terms below?
Stick on a post it note in the correct system
Respiratory System Tidal volume Vital capacity
Trachea Alveoli Intercostal muscles
Bronchi Rib cage
Diaphragm Oxygen Debt Aerobic respiration

17. Learning intentions
Understand the immediate and long term effects of exercise on the respiratory system
Describe the effects of immediate and long term exercise on the respiratory system
Explain why the effects these have on a performer

18. Immediate effects of exercise on the respiratory system
What happens to the respiratory system during exercise? (immediate)

19. TASK Breathing quickens and deepens... WHY? Out of breath... Why?
Count how many times you breath in over the next 30 seconds
Stand up and jog on the spot
Count your breaths again

20. Oxygen debt- what is it?
Stand on the spot and pump your arms and legs as quickly as you can?
How long can you do this for?
What makes you stop?
What happens after you have finished?

21. Oxygen debt This happens when you work ANAEROBICALLY = Without Oxygen
When you do strenuous activity, oxygen cannot be supplied quickly enough through breathing e.g. sprinting flat out
This means when you stop, you need to make up for the oxygen used by taking big gasping breaths
Gasping breaths replaces oxygen as quickly as possible and removes wastes products (CO2 and Lactic Acid)

22. Question: use your whiteboard to answer the question
During a match a player is likely to build up an oxygen debt. What is oxygen debt? (1)
If a player has built up oxygen debt will she have been working aerobically or anaerobically? (1)
What by-product is associated with oxygen debt? (1)

23. Long term effects of regular exercise
Lung capacity increases
Increased vital capacity
Number of alveoli increases
Use your sheets to find out more about these changes.