1. DTT Booster – Edexcel CORE
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DTT Booster – Edexcel CORE
Generating Electricity and Energy
THERAPY Topic P1.5 P1.6   
Commissioned by The PiXL Club Ltd. February 2016
© Copyright The PiXL Club Ltd, 2016
This resource is strictly for the use of member schools for as long as they remain members of The PiXL Club. It may not be copied, sold nor transferred to a third party or used by the school after membership ceases. Until such time it may be freely used within the member school.
All opinions and contributions are those of the authors. The contents of this resource are not connected with nor endorsed by any other company, organisation or institution.
The PiXL Club Ltd, Company number

2. How to deliver the DDT Booster
Administer the short diagnosis test.
Mark the test.
Work through the therapy slides completing the model questions and answers.
Complete the question slides for students to self or peer assess.
Administer the final test.

3. Conduction and convection
Edexcel Generating Electricity and Energy P1.5 P1.6 – Energy Transfer
Model Questions
A TV transfers electrical energy into which two forms of useful energy?
2 If the TV has a power of 400W and is switched on for 10 mins. How much energy will it use?
An electric oven uses 18kWh of electricity in a day. If electricity costs £0.22/kWh, how much does it cost to run the oven for a day?
Model Answers
Light and sound
E = P x t = 400 x 600 = J
18kWh x £0.22 = £3.96
Energy transfer diagrams show the source of energy stores and where it is transferred to. For example, consider the energy transfers in the torch circuit below.
This can also be represented as a Sankey diagram to show the amount of energy being transferred.
The amount of electrical energy transferred can be found from:
Energy = Power x time
CLICK to reveal MODEL ANSWER
P1.1.3a/P1.1.1

4. Conduction and convection
Edexcel Generating Electricity and Energy P1.5 P1.6 - Production of Electricity
Model Questions
Name three primary energy sources which do not contribute to global warming when producing electricity.
What are the main parts of a generator?
Explain why electricity is described as a secondary energy source.
Model Answers
Wind, geothermal, solar, hydroelectric,
wave, tidal, nuclear.
Coil(s) of wire and magnets.
It has to be made using another form of energy.
Electricity is made in power stations.
Power stations need large amounts of energy to turn the turbines. Most use heat energy produced from burning coal, oil or gas whilst others use wind energy or moving water (primary energy sources).
The spinning turbine causes large magnets to turn within wire coils - these are the generators. The moving magnets within the coil of wire cause the electrons (charged particles) to move within the coil of wire. This is electricity which is a secondary source of energy.
CLICK to reveal MODEL ANSWER
P1.1.3a/P1.1.1

5. Conduction and convection
Edexcel Generating Electricity and Energy P1.5 P Electricity Transmission
Model Questions
What is the purpose of a step-down
transformer?
Explain why voltage needs to be very high when transmitting electricity around the country.
Model Answers
To reduce voltage.
High voltage means less current for the same power. Less current means less energy lost as heat.
The National grid system is the network of cables which transport electricity from the power stations in Britain to homes and factories.
Power stations produce electricity at high currents. Electricity transmission at high currents would encounter a large resistance in the transmission wires and therefore lose a lot of its energy as heat. To prevent this, the current generated is passed through a step up transformer. Here the voltage is increased to as much as 400,000V and the current decreased. Remember the relationship P = V x I - an increase in voltage and decrease in current by the same ratio will give the same power.
The high voltage (400,000 Volts) electricity is carried along overhead lines and underground cables. The voltage is then reduced in several stages by step-down transformers before reaching the end user.
CLICK to reveal MODEL ANSWER
P1.1.3a/P1.1.1

6. Conduction and convection
Edexcel Generating Electricity and Energy P1.5 P1.6 - Transformers
Model Questions
Why would the transformer drawn
opposite not change the voltage?
If the number of coils on the secondary side doubles, what would you expect to happen to the voltage on that side?
A transformer has a primary voltage of 100V and 600 turns. If the secondary coil has 30 turns, what would the output voltage be?
Model Answers
It has the same number of coils on each
side.
The voltage would double.
Vp = Np 100 = V
Vs Ns Vs
Transformers are used to change voltage.
Transformers work using alternating current.
Step-up transformers increase voltage.
Step-down transformers decrease voltage.
The ratio of the voltage, turns of wire and current is the same for a transformer.
Vp = Np where: V is volts
Vs Ns N is turns of wire
p is primary side s is secondary side
CLICK to reveal MODEL ANSWER
P1.1.3a/P1.1.1

7. Conduction and convection
Edexcel Generating Electricity and Energy P1.5 P1.6 –Electromagnetic Induction
If a magnet is moved into a coil of wire, which is part of a complete circuit, a voltage is induced across the ends of the wire - a current is produced (induced) in the wire. If the magnet is then moved out of the coil, or the other pole of the magnet is moved into the coil, the direction of the induced voltage (current) is reversed.
Model Questions
Why is iron preferred to steel for use as the core of an electromagnet?
What type of current is generated by this type of electromagnetic induction?
Model Answers
Iron is easy to magnetise and demagnetise.
Alternating current.
CLICK to reveal MODEL ANSWER
If you keep moving the magnet backwards and forwards, you produce a voltage that keeps swapping direction: this is an alternating current.
To increase the voltage you can use a stronger magnet, move it faster, have more turns of wire or use a coil with a bigger area.
P1.1.3a/P1.1.1

8. Conduction and convection
Edexcel Generating Electricity and Energy P1.5 P1.6– Energy Efficiency and Conservation
Energy efficiency is "using less energy to provide the same service". When you replace an appliance, such as a refrigerator, the new equipment provides the same service, but uses less energy. This saves you money on your energy bill, and reduces the amount of greenhouse gases going into the atmosphere.
Energy efficiency is not energy conservation.
Energy conservation is reducing or going without a service to save energy.
For example: turning off a light is energy conservation. Replacing a light bulb with a fluorescent lamp (uses much less energy to produce the same amount of light) is energy efficiency.
Efficiency is calculated using:
Efficiency = useful energy transferred
total energy supplied
This can be given as a fraction or X 100 to give a percentage efficiency.
Model Questions
Is turning off a light bulb, when you are
not in a room, energy efficiency or energy conservation?
Give two reasons why it is better to use an A rated washing machine which is energy efficient.
A light bulb is supplied with 2000J of
energy but only emits 170J of light. A similar brightness LED lamp emits 400J of light for the same input. What is the efficiency of each light source?
Model Answers
Energy conservation.
Uses less energy, saves money, less CO2.
Bulb – = or 8.5%
2000
Lamp = or 20%
CLICK to reveal MODEL ANSWER
P1.1.3a/P1.1.1

9. Conduction and convection
Edexcel Generating Electricity and Energy P1.5 P1.6 – Renewable Energy
Model Questions
Name two types of renewable energy where the turbine is spun directly by the energy source.
Describe two advantages of using wind turbines rather than biomass.
Explain what it means to decommission a nuclear power station.
Model Answers
Wind turbines, hydroelectric, wave, tides, geothermal
Instant energy, do not need to wait for plants to grow.
Does not emit CO2 and contribute to global warming.
3. To take it out of service and make it safe.
We can make electricity using non-renewable energy. Coal, gas and oil are three kinds of non-renewable energy.
We can also make electricity using renewable energy such as solar, wind, water and biomass. They can never be used up and they don’t cause pollution.
However, on the scale we currently use renewable energies, they do not produce sufficient energy to meet our needs.
When deciding which type of energy resource to invest in we have to consider:
Environmental impact – damage or effect on the landscape;
Economics – cost of building, maintaining and decommissioning;
Waste produced – danger to life and cost of cleaning up;
CO2 emissions – contributes to global warming.
CLICK to reveal MODEL ANSWER
P1.1.3a/P1.1.1

10. P1.5 P1.6 Generating Electricity and Energy - Questions
What does start-up time mean when referring to a power station?
How is coal used to spin a turbine in a power station?
What are the two main components of a generator?
State one advantage and one disadvantage of generating electricity with nuclear power rather than a wind turbine.
An electric drill transfers 200J of electricity into 70J of movement, 30J of sound and 100J of heat. Draw a Sankey diagram to illustrate this.

11. P1.5 P1.6 Generating Electricity and Energy - Answers
What does start-up time mean when referring to a power station? Time taken to start producing electricity.
How is coal used to spin a turbine in a power station? Coal is burnt to heat water and produce steam. Steam under pressure spins the turbine.
What are the two main components of a generator? Coil of wire and a magnet.
State one advantage and one disadvantage of generating electricity with nuclear power rather than a wind turbine.
Adv. Constant supply, efficient Disadv. Hazardous, expensive.
5. An electric drill transfers 200J of electricity into 70J of movement, 30J of sound and 100J of heat. Draw a Sankey diagram to illustrate this.
Sound
Movement
Electricity
Heat

12. Final test DTT Booster Students now complete the final test.
Compare this to what they achieved in the diagnostic test.