1. VMware Virtualization
Presentation by ing. Rob Clardij,
EDS ABN AMRO Account

2. What is Virtualization?
Virtualization is an abstraction layer that decouples the physical hardware from the operating system to deliver greater IT resource utilization and flexibility.
Virtualization allows multiple virtual machines, with heterogeneous operating systems to run in isolation, side-by-side on the same physical machine.
Each virtual machine has its own set of virtual hardware (e.g., RAM, CPU, NIC, etc.) upon which an operating system and applications are loaded.
Explain what Virtualization is.
You can host multiple machines with various operating systems on one physical box.

3. Virtualization products
Virtual Machine Operating System and applications
x86 or x64 Server
Windows Server 2003 (32-bit or 64-bit)
Virtual Server 2005 R2
Virtual Hardware
VMware
VMware Workstation (5.x)
VMware Server
VMware ESX Server (3.x)
Supports Windows, Linux, Solaris, Novell
Microsoft Virtual Server
2005 R2 (runs on an operating system and not on “bare metal”)
2008 Hyper-V
Only supports Windows systems.
Xen
Virtuozzo
Solaris Containers
Mainframe Lpars
Mention the products.
ESX runs on bare metal.
Microsoft Virtual Server 2005 R2 runs on an operating system.

4. Before Virtualization After Virtualization
Single OS image per machine
Software and hardware tightly coupled
Running multiple applications on same machine often creates conflict
Underutilized resources
Inflexible and costly infrastructure
Hardware-independence of operating system and applications
Virtual machines can be provisioned to any system
Can manage OS and application as a single unit by encapsulating them into virtual machines
Before: conventional method;
After: All kinds of OS runs on the same hardware.
VM’s can be depoyed to any ESX servers;
VM’s are just files.

5. Why Virtualization ?
Virtualization delivers measurable savings in both capital and operating costs
» Increases hardware utilization and reducing hardware requirements
with server consolidation ratios commonly exceeding ten virtual machines per physical processor
» Reduces the cost of rack space and power proportionate to the
consolidation ration achieved
» Decreases labor cost
Virtualization improves responsiveness, serviceability, availability
and flexibility of IT infrastructure
Server consolidation (5 - 8 Virtual Machines per Processor Core)
» Focus on reducing existing infrastructure “number of servers”
» Focus on reducing power, cooling and rack space
Test and Development optimization
» Rapidly provisioning test- and dev servers by using pre-configured systems.
Business Continuity Protection (Disaster Recovery) at lower cost
Main reason is cost reduction achieved by less servers

6. VMware VMware has 80% of the virtualization market.
VMware ESX server 3.x
VMFS3 file system, iSCSI
Four way Virtual SMP
VirtualCenter 2 with VMotion / Snapshots
VMware Distributed Resource Scheduler (DRS)
VMware High Availability (HA)
VMware Consolidated Backup
Storage Vmotion
Mention VMware 3 with the features.
Details will be explained later in other sheets.

7. Virtual Machine
A Virtual Machine is like a Physical server. Instead of electronics it is a set of software files.
Run on industry standard x86 physical servers.
Have full access to all physical server resources such as CPU, memory, disk, networking, and peripherals.
Are completely isolated.
Can run concurrently with other virtual machines for optimal hardware utilization.
Are encapsulated in software files so that they can be provisioned, backed up or restored with the ease of a file copy.
VM is treated like a physical machines with all features

8. Virtual Machine
Are portable, so full systems including virtual hardware, operating systems and fully configured applications can be easily moved from one physical server to another, even while running
Can incorporate distributed resource management and high availability capabilities that provide better service levels to software applications than static physical infrastructure
Can be built and distributed as plug-and-play virtual appliances that contain the entire stack of virtual hardware, operating system, and fully configured software applications for rapid deployment

9. Virtual SMP
VMware Virtual SMP™ enhances virtual machine performance by enabling a single virtual machine to use multiple physical processors
Virtual SMP periodically moves processing tasks between the available processors to re-balance the workload.
A VM can make use of more CPU’s. It can be configured.

10. VMware VMFS
Virtual machines are completely encapsulated in virtual disk files that can be either stored locally on the ESX Server or centrally using shared SAN, NAS or iSCSI storage.
VMware VMFS is a high-performance cluster file system that allows multiple ESX Servers read-write access to the same virtual machine storage concurrently
The cluster file system include live migration of running virtual machines from one physical server to another, automatic restart of failed virtual machines on a different physical server, and the clustering of virtual machines across different physical servers.
VM’s are just files.
When connected to SAN it is accessible by many ESX boxes.

11. VMware Infrastructure Suite Components
ESX Server with VMware VMFS and Virtual SMP
VirtualCenter with VMotion, VMware DRS, and VMware HA, Consolidated Backup
VirtualCenter is necessary for DRS, HA and Condolidated Backup while SMP and VMFS not

12. VMware VMotion
VMware VMotion enables the live migration of running virtual machines from one physical server to another with zero downtime, continuous service availability, and complete transaction integrity.
Hardware maintenance without scheduling downtime and disrupting business operations.
VMotion also allows virtual machines to be continuously and automatically optimized within resource pools for maximum hardware utilization, flexibility, and availability.
Explain what VMOTION is.
You need SAN and special network connections (GB)

13. VirtualCenter
VirtualCenter Management Server centrally manages hundreds of ESX Server hosts and thousands of virtual machines
Virtual machines can be provisioned, configured, started, stopped, deleted, relocated and remotely accessed with keyboard and mouse control.
Centralized management capabilities allow administrators to organize, monitor, and configure the entire environment through a single interface
Performance monitoring capabilities, including utilization graphs of CPU, memory, disk I/O, and network I/O
Operational automation through task scheduling
Rapid depoyment of Virtual Machines
VirtualCenter is a management tools. Ease of use.
If this server fails, ESX and VM’s are NOT affected. Can be managed on server by server level using the MUI

14. VirtualCenter VirtualCenter is a management tools. Ease of use.
If this server fails, ESX and VM’s are NOT affected. Can be managed on server by server level using the MUI

15. VMware DRS (Distributed Resource Scheduler)
VMware Distributed Resource Scheduler (DRS) works with VMware Infrastructure to continuously automate the balancing of virtual machine workloads across a cluster in the virtual infrastructure.
VMware DRS can be configured to operate in automatic or manual mode.
VMware DRS also supports affinity and anti-affinity rules for certain use cases.
Explain DRS. Handy for automatic loadbalancing.
Only when on iplevel if the VM’s can run on different ESX hosts.
Affinity: 2 or more VM’s may run on same ESX box. E.g. for better performance.
Anti Affinity: 2 or more machines may not run on same box. E.g. for availability.

16. VMware HA (High Availability)
VMware HA provides easy to use, cost effective high availability
VMware HA will manage the reassignment and restart of the failed host’s virtual machines on the other ESX Server hosts in the cluster
High availability for applications is usually achieved with failover clustering products like Microsoft Cluster Services or Veritas Cluster Services, but that technology is expensive and difficult to configure and manage. Applications must be cluster-aware

17. VMware Consolidated Backup
VMware Consolidated Backup provides an easy to use, centralized facility for LAN-free backups
VMware Consolidated Backup centralizes backup processing by taking snapshots of running virtual machines
Backups occur without system interruption and do not affect production servers.

18. VMware Infrastructure 3 editions
EDS uses Enterprise Edition
Mention the editions.
Enterpise costs: 4000 euro + gold support 1000 euro. This is for 2 CPU.
Licenses is based on CPU’s in step of 2 CPU’s incrementation.

19. In progress VMware ESX Infrastructure

20. Examples

21. Determine your strategy
Virtualization is not a goal; it is an enabler
Ask yourself what it is that you want to achieve first.
Reduction of footprint
Reduction of resources
Reduction of power and heat
Increase in flexibility
Increase in portability
High Availability

22. Core Four The four core resource components are: Memory CPU Network IO
Disk IO

23. Rule of Thumb ¤ Normal performing Windows App ¤ Legacy NT
Candidates
Ideal Candidates
Estimated Hardware Utilization/ Requirements (high=10 to low=1) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
¤ Normal performing Windows App
¤ Legacy NT
¤ Maintenance
¤ Anti-Virus
¤ Citrix Support Servers
¤ Site File Serv.
¤ DC small site
¤ SMS
¤ Print Servers
¤ Ent. Web
¤ Small Citrix
¤ Ent. File Serv.
¤ Combined file/print/DC/Infra server for a small site
¤ Ent. Citrix Serv.
¤ Ent. DBMS
¤ DC large site
Non Candidates
Potential Candidates
Number of Users (Corporate wide=10, small groups=1)

24. Examples Appliances: Virtual Hardware
Removes time consuming specific installations.
Drivers and special components are avoided.
Zero footprint after program is closed.
Limited time available.
Virtual Hardware
Rapid provisioning of temporary machines through cloning.
Easy rollback.
Test environment.
Remote desktop users.
Hardware doesn’t leave the premises.

25. Gotchas Het inzetten van virtualisatie in ASP en/of SaaS oplossing.
Appliances kunnen op tijdelijke of permanente basis als geheel (een virtuele machine + software) geleverd worden.
Licenties van apps die op gevirtualiseerde HW draaien.
Dit is per applicatie verschillend. Sommige vendors geven discount (Microsoft), maar de meeste zien het niet anders dan een fysieke machine.
Hoe kun je SLA's in VMWare implementeren, oftewel kun je in VMWare garanderen dat bepaalde resources beschikbaar zijn, dat uptime gegarandeerd wordt etc.
De mogelijkheid bestaat om per resource limits aan te geven om er zodoende afscherming aan te geven; dit is in princiepe niet anders dan de verschillende "versnijdingen" van netwerk bandbreedtes en de prijzen die daar aanhangen. Ook bestaat de mogelijkheid om weeg faktoren mee te geven zodat bij contentie de ene machine zwaarder weegt dan de andere.
Waar moet je op letten wanneer je een in beslagname moet doen in een omgeving waarin gevirtualiseerd is?
Je hebt alle VM files nodig inclusief de configuratie files. Je moet ook weten op welke fysieke hardware het draait en welke versie van virtualisatie software er draait. Niet alle hardware wordt gevirtualiseerd; de processor wordt namelijk niet gevirtualiseerd. Zet je de VMs aan op de verkeerde processor dan kan hij crashen.
Waar moet je op letten (als PM) wanneer je een virtualisatie project doet
Dat hangt er van af wat je precies in je project gaat doen: Ga je infra opbouwen, ga je gebruik maken van VMs in een gesharde infra, of ga je fysieke machines virtualiseren met p2v software.
Waar moet je op letten (als PM) wanneer je project op gevirtualiseerde HW moet landen, wat zijn de voor- en nadelen?
Nadeel: je deelt de resources met anderen; je moet garanties krijgen over de minimale hoeveelheid resources die je ter beschikking krijgt. Voordeel: de provisioning is veel sneller.
Productie en test omgevingen door elkaar?
Ja. De performance requirements van test en productie vullen elkaar aan. Scheidt wel de netwerken en de disken.

26. Host Mention the products. ESX runs on bare metal.
Microsoft Virtual Server 2005 R2 runs on an operating system.

27. VMware Cluster
VMware Clusters are a new concept in virtual infrastructure management that combines the power of multiple host servers with the simplicity of managing a single entity.
Explain VMware cluster. Bounding resources together.

28. Single Site Design Explain what Virtualization is.
You can host multiple machines with various operating systems on one physical box.

29. Stretched (Campus) setup

30. LUNs All LUNs accessible from all Hosts.
1 VMFS volume created on a LUN.
Each VMDK file is a VMs Harddisk.
VMX files contain VM configurations.
Virtual Swap disks (memory design).
Max number of paths to LUNs 256.
16 – 20 VMs per LUN.
Max 16 Host connected to a LUN.
Max farm size 16 Hosts (8-10 better)
EMC recommended LUN size 250GB.
Small performance gain 90 GB.
Huge performance decrease > 2TB.

31. Core Four - Memory The hosts physical memory is being used for:
Console (typical 800MB)
Virtual Machines
Minimum setting (default is half the maximum; difference reserved as swapfile)
Overhead (512 MB, typical 54 MB for single CPU , 64MB for Multi CPU)
Additional 32MB per GB.
ESX overhead (typical 6% of the non-service console memory)
Over committing memory is possible.
Page table sharing. (Static OS files are loaded once)
VM Swapping. (Monitor memory usage)
Ballooning. (Small Performance impact)
ESX Swapping. (Big performance impact)
It’s common to achieve over-allocation of 20-30% in production environments. In a static environment higher numbers are possible.

32. Core Four - CPU
On a scale of how well suited a candidate is, it can roughly be seen as follows:
Ideal candidate: uses less than 25% of a single processor.
Candidate: uses between 25% and 150% of a single processor.
Not a candidate: uses more than 150% of a single processor.
A rule thumb for an ESX environment used for server consolidation is to assume an average of 4 – 6 VMs per core of a CPU.

33. Memory Example Physical Memory 16GB Console 800MB (32 or more VMs)
Unreserved memory = 16GB – 800MB = 15.2GB
Assume we want all remaining memory used for 20 servers, single CPU.
15.2 – 6% = /20 = or 714 MB
Overcommit 25% => 714 * 1.25 = 892 MB
Overhead 54 (512mb) + 16 (Extra 512) => 892 – = 822 MB
This is for minimum balooning, no swapping and no memory sharing.
At default memory setting (Memmin = 0.5 Memmax), you could double the memory per VM. This can come with a cost.
After memory sharing, about 50 MB is used by the OS. Almost all VM memory is available for the application.
Samples
NT4: 256 MB
Infrastructure: 386 MB
Application: varies, 512 MB +
XP workstations : 700 MB +

34. VMware Consolidated Backup
VMware Consolidated Backup provides an easy to use, centralized facility for LAN-free backups
VMware Consolidated Backup centralizes backup processing by taking snapshots of running virtual machines
Backups occur without system interruption and do not affect production servers.
VMware Consolidated Backup does NOT provide restores!!!!!
Backup of VM’s as files.
Can also be backed up with backup agents (like now on physical servers=conventional way)