1. OPENING LECTURE : INTRODUCTION TO HEALTHCARE WASTE MANAGEMENT
Dr Mohammed Ali Al-Zahrani

2. إدارة النفايات الصيدلانية والكيميائية الخطرة

3. INTRODUCTION

4. What is Healthcare Waste ?
(100 %)
Non-Risk Waste
( 80 %)
Risk Waste
( 20 %)
Risk Waste
Waste
Quantities
Business ?
Non-risk Waste
Risk Waste
Non -Risk Waste

5. Healthcare Waste in KSA
The healthcare market in the KSA can be divided as follows :
HOSPITALS
Ministry of Health – 27,279 Beds
Private Sector – 8,766 Beds
Other Governmental Sectors – 9,169 Beds
Total = 45,214 Beds
At average of 1.13 kg/bed/day - Total quantity of HCW = 51 tons per day
= 18,615 tons / year
2. PHC’s & CLINICS
At average of 0.08 kg/visitor/day – Total quantity = 7,626 tons / year
TOTAL = 26,421 tons/ year = 71,893 kg / day

6. CATEGORIES OF HEALTHCARE WASTE
Infectious
Sharps
Genotoxic
Pressurised Containers
Pathological
Pharmaceutical Wastes
Chemical Wastes
Radioactive Wastes

7. Definition , classification and segregation

8. Hospital Waste Management & Treatment
Healthcare Waste
(100 %)
Non-Risk Waste
( 80 –85 %)
Risk Waste
( 20 %)
Refuse
( %)
Recyclable
( 40 %)
Medical Waste
( 14,5 %)
Chemical Waste
( 5 %)
Other Waste
( 0,5 %)
Infectious w.
Sharps
Pathological w.
Chemical waste
Pharmaceuticals
Heavy Metal
Radioactive w.
Genotoxic w.
Pressur.Cont.

9. Risk Waste – Medical Waste
( 20 %)
Division in accordance with a WHO / GCC Management System:
Infectious waste
Pathological waste
Sharps
Pharmaceutical waste
Genotoxic waste
Chemical waste
Wastes with high heavy metal content
Pressurized containers
Radioactive waste
Medical Waste
( 14,5 %)

10. Risk Waste – Infectious waste
Division in accordance with a Waste Management System:
Waste which need special attention for collection and treatment out of infectious preventive reasons.
Infectious waste
Origin: Blood and blood products, items contaminated with blood, serum or plasma and all contaminated waste from the diagnosis and treatment of patients with infectious diseases e.g. AIDS, Hepatitis, CJD, Cholera, Typhus, Dysentery, Tuberculosis, Meningitis, Diphtheria, Rabies,etc.

11. Risk Waste – Pathological waste
Division in accordance with a Waste Management System:
Pathological waste
Pathological waste
Origin: Body part, organs, placentas, fragments of tissues and stored blood from the surgery, pathology, blood bank, etc.
Disposal: The organs or any part of human body should be kept in refrigeration until handled according to Islamic Fatwa No dated 21 Safer 1405 H.

12. Risk Waste – Hospital waste
Division in accordance with a Waste Management System:
Sharps
Sharp waste
Origin: Sharp waste from the diagnosis and treatment of patients which can break the skin like needles, infusion sets, blades, knives, broken glass, etc.
collection: The waste must be collected under consideration of hygienic and health and safety standards at work. Used packing material must be puncture proof !!!

13. Risk Waste – Pharmaceuticals
Division in accordance with a Waste Management System:
Pharmaceuticals but not cytotoxic medicines
Pharmaceuticals
Origin: Dispensary, drugstore, Laboratory, etc.
Disposal: Pharmaceuticals should be collected separately and should be treated to avoid misuse.

14. Risk Waste – Chemical Waste( 2
0 %)
Chemical Waste ( 5 %)
Origin: Generated in laboratories, X-ray, Research departments, etc. but also in wards, technical department.
Disposal/Treatment: Treatment, collection and disposal under consideration of the characteristic of the chemicals

15. Risk Waste – Other Chemical waste
Division in accordance with a Waste Management System:
Acid Waste
Alkaline Waste
Solvents
Inorganic laboratory chemicals
Organic laboratory chemicals
Chemical waste
Origin: Laboratory, Research, etc.
Disposal/Treatment: This chemicals should be collected, transported and treated according to their chemical characteristics.

16. Risk Waste – Photo Chemicals
Division in accordance with a Waste Management System:
Fixing bathes, Bleaching-fixing bathes
Mercury, Cadmium, etc.
Amalgam, etc.
Heavy Metals
Origin: Laboratory, X-Ray, Dental Department, Wards, Technical department, etc.
Disposal: Photo Chemicals should be de-silvered and vaporized; Mercury, Amalgam must be separately collected and can be recycled. Batteries, fluorescent lamps, etc. can be treated in treatment plants.

17. Risk Waste – Radioactive and Cytotoxic waste
Division in accordance with a Waste Management System:
Genotoxic Waste
Radioactive Waste
Pressurized Containers
Radioactive W.
Genotoxic W.
Containers
Origin: Cancer treatment, Nuclear medicine, Laboratory, Research, Engineering department, etc.
Disposal/: Genotoxic waste can be treated by special waste incineration (> 1200°C), radioactive waste can be interim stored, pressurized containers are not allowed to be incinerated in any way.

19. Packaging
Producer
Take the direct responsibility for the segregation and packaging process.
Segregate in the production sites.
Use coded bags and containers.

20. Receptacle for highly infectious waste
Puncture proof
Liquid proof
Irreversible closable
Autoclavable, without PVC
UN, local approved
Easy to handle
Coded

22. Cleaning and supply staff often do not know the real significance.
Labelling
The internationally valid symbol for infectious substances has to be used in all cases when healthcare waste is being handled.
The hospital has to guarantee that all bags and containers are labelled with this sign.
Experience from many hospitals is that not all of the staff is aware that the symbol is important for any person dealing with healthcare waste.
Cleaning and supply staff often do not know the real significance.

24. Classification, Waste-Number, Kind of waste, Responsible
German Sample: Standard labels for receptacles
Classification, Waste-Number, Kind of waste, Responsible
Disposal company, Receptacle number, Waste generator