1. Load Composition Modeling Update
March 14th, 2016
Presenter: Yuan Liu
Team: Yu Zhang (PNNL) Dave Chassin (SLAC)
Pavel etingov, Dan James, Yuan Liu, Soumya Kundu, qiuhua huang (PNNL)

2. Overview Load Composition Model (LCM) Load Model Data Tools (LMDT)
Light LCM
Detailed LCM
Improved light LCM
Load Model Data Tools (LMDT)
Aggregate Protection
Motor response and protection in commercial buildings
Link the equipment in the commercial buildings to the composite load components
Aggregate protection parameters for the composite load model based on categories and sizes of buildings and equipment

3. Data Needed From Utilities
PQube event data and corresponding PMU data
End-use data (hourly or subhourly)
Cooling, heating, lighting, cooking, water heater, plugs, refrigeration
Program details (the number of customers, residential/commercial etc)
SCADA data
Billed data ( e.g. commercial buildings types, number)
Data center and service load
Industrial, agricultural load data
AMI smart meter data
Geographic information (number of buildings/customers)
Contact:
Phone: (305)

4. Data Sources
End-Use Load and Consumer Assessment Program (ELCAP) Load Shape Database:
developed by BPA
Provides an overview of residential consumption patterns in residential homes in the Pacific Northwest.
The data is now outdated because of the increase in equipment efficiency and penetration of electronics loads.
EPRI’s Load Shape Library (LSL) 4.0:
developed by EPRI 2010-now.
Two major load shape database in the tool are used:
End-use load shape: developed by EPRI’s field data collection and laboratory testing and simulation.
Residential Building Stock Assessment (RBSA) load shape: raw data obtained from Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance (NEEA).

5. ELCAP Light Load composition model : Load Shape Library 4.0 RBSA:
Compare Residential Load Shapes Sourced to ELCAP and LSL 4.0 RBSA
ELCAP Light Load composition model :
Based on pacific northwest and populated to other regions
Climate zones:
Seasons of year:
Normal summer day
Hot summer day
Cool summer day
Normal shoulder (Fall/Spring) day
Normal winter day
Hours of day: 24 hrs
End-use applications:
Heating, cooling, vent, water heat, cooking, refrigeration, external light, internal light, electronics, appliances, Miscellaneous, vehicle.
Load Shape Library 4.0 RBSA:
Uniquely for pacific northwest, but can be used as a foundation to derive load shapes for the other climate zones
Climate Zones:
15-min data from April 2012 to March 2013
Data available for each day/month.
End-use applications:
HVAC, water heater, portable heating and cooling, refrigeration, cooking, laundry and dishwashing, entertainment, computer, lighting and other.
Each application contains at least 1 equipment-level end-use
66 cities in Load Shape Library
NWC Region (21 cities)
WA: Seattle WA, Tacoma WA …
OR: Bandon OR, Brookings OR, South Beach OR.
NWV Region (13 cities)
OR: Eugene OR, Lebanon OR, Portland OR…
NWI Region (25 cities)
WA: Kettle Falls WA, Okanogan WA, Newport WA, West Richland WA, Kennewick WA…
ID: Coeur d'Alene ID, Moscow ID, Lewiston ID…
RMN Region (7 cities)
MT: Hamilton MT, Cascade MT, Helena MT, Whitehall MT, Bozeman MT
ID: Shoshone ID, Jerome ID

6. ELCAP-based LCM Map: NEEA RBSA Survey Map
Climate Zone Division in ELCAP and NEEA
ELCAP-based LCM Map:
NEEA RBSA Survey Map

7. Comparison of Results Using ELCAP and NEEA Database
PSLF LID
Motor A
Motor B
Motor C
Motor D
Power Electronic DG
Static PF
Static P Resistive
Static P Current
Static P Power
Static Q Reactance
Static Q Current
Static Q Power
NWC_RES
0.07
0.10
0.04
0.25
0.14
0.00
-1.000
0.33
-0.50
1.50
NWC_COM
0.23
0.12
0.05
0.20
-0.994
0.22
NWC_MIX
0.16
0.11
0.15
0.19
-0.998
0.21
NWC_RAG
0.13
-0.999
0.09
NEEA
PSLF LID
Motor A
Motor B
Motor C
Motor D
Power Electronic DG
Static PF
Static P Resistive
Static P Current
Static P Power
Static Q Reactance
Static Q Current
Static Q Power
NWC_RES
0.07
0.04
0.38
0.13
0.00
-0.999
0.24
-0.50
1.50
NWC_COM
0.23
0.11
0.05
0.10
0.20
-0.993
0.22
NWC_MIX
0.16
0.09
0.18
-0.997
0.15
NWC_RAG
0.12
0.19

8. Composite Load and Protections Involved
Composite load model structure
Protections involved
Bus level protection
Component level protection
Motor A – 3Ph, constant torque, high+low inertia
Commercial air-conditioners, refrigerators
Motor B – 3Ph, speed-dependent, high inertia
Fan motors
Motor C – 3Ph, speed-dependent, low inertia
Pump motors
Motor D – 1Ph motors
Residential air-conditioners and heat pumps

9. Commercial Building Protection Response Table
Source: “Commercial Building Motor Protection Response Report.” (2015), PNNL-24468, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland WA.
The table documents tripping and reconnection responses of typical commercial building end-use motor loads to common voltage depression. Single-phase air conditioner motor stalling is also discussed.
The purpose is to aggregate protection parameters for the composite load model based on categories and sizes of buildings and equipment.
The types of commercial buildings that have been considered are as follows:
Fast Food (2,500 sq ft)
Supermarket (50,000 sq ft)
Miscellaneous
Office (small and large, by square feet)
20k – 100k sf office building motor response (small office)
100k – 1m sf office building motor response (large office)
Retail (small, medium and large, by square feet)
5k – 15k sf retail building motor response
15k – 40k sf retail building motor response
40k – 100k sf retail building motor response
Warehouse (20,000 sq ft)

10. Reach-in Refrigerators, Freezers
Load Protection Settings Example:
Supermarket (50,000 sq ft)
Equip.
Motor Type
Protection
Vtr
Ttr
Vrc
Trc
Reach-in Refrigerators, Freezers
M-A
Compressors
Contactor drops out at 50% <5 cycles, reenergizes after 1-8 cycles.
Protection-4
65/70%
8.5/2 cyc
Extended sag 20+ cycles may cause overload tripping. (manual restart)
Protection-2 TD
10-30min
M-D
fan motors
Extended sag (2-5s) may cause thermal tripping. Auto restart after 3-5 min (ambient temp. dependent).
Protection-3
5-20min
RTUs
M-B
fan
Contactors drop out at 50%, re-energizes after 1-8 cycles.
Voltage sag 60-65% may cause EMS restart
(2s restart delay after reboot)
Protection-5
65s
- 3Ph compressors
(300s restart delay after reboot)
360s
frac. condenser & induced draft Fans
5min to 20min
(150s restart delay after reboot)
210s
Plug Loads
---
(Resistive loads)
Time delay on restart of computer-based loads
50-60%
5 cyc
RTU: roof top unit.
Vtr: trip voltage level.
Ttr: trip time delay.
Vrc: reconnection voltage level.
Trc: reconnection time delay.
TD: to be determined
If voltage recovers to 65%, contactor recloses with 8.5 cycle delay.
If voltage recovers to 70%, contactor recloses with 2 cycle delay.
Protection-1:
Electronic Relay
Protection-2:
Overload Relay
Protection-3:
Thermal Tripping
Protection-4:
Contactor Dropout
Protection-5:
EMS Operation

11. Detailed Parameters of Five Protection Types

12. Thank You!