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Reforming Worship.

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Presentation on theme: "Reforming Worship."— Presentation transcript:

1 Reforming Worship

2 Just Say "Yes" to M-M(M) Good Worship
Meaningful Memorable (Manageable) Worship Goal today is to share strategies Trinity UCC has used and learned about to  create meaningful and memorable worship in a manageable way. By way of background, in 2014 Trinity UCC formed a Dream Team which was responsible for putting legs on some new dreams for our church. One of the identified actions was to diversify our worship. The team tasked with carrying out this dream decided to learn more about the latest thinking in worship design. We sought funding from the Catoctin Church and Ministry Commission to attend wo worship conference facilitated by Marcia McFee,a leading thinker in creating meaningful and memorable worship. Four of us from Trinity attended the conference:  Ben Starr, our Director of Music Ministry, Sedonia Martin,  chair of our Worship Committee, Larry Martin, responsible for our sound and media, and  myself who serves as Trinity's pastor. And because there is no such thing as a free lunch, the commission's scholarship came with the caveat that the four of us would have to share what we learned at the conference with the association.

3 Today... Snapshot of worship in our association​
Trinity UCC's journey to M-M-M worship​ TUCC's rationale for reforming worship​ How we began​ Fundamentals of M-M-M worship​ Examples of M-M-M worship​ What we've learned along the way to  making changes and bringing along the congregation​ Resources​ Suzanne: Goal today is to share with you what we learned. Here is a quick run down of the topics to be covered today. Keep in mind that two years ago, we started with a traditional worship service, did not have a screen or projector, and knew very little about what we are going to share today. Receiving key handouts today. Both worship and workshop PPT's will be on the Catoctin Association Website. (Referenced in your handouts.)

4 CAC Church Survey Results
What Does Worship Look Like in the Catoctin Association? Presenter: Larry

5 Survey Responses Out of 38 churches – 24 responses = 63.2% response rate The survey Worship Music Technology

6 Worship Responses Q2 Does your church use a worship series? Yes = 12%
No = 48% Other Books of the Bible Lectionary and themed series Not exactly sure what is meant by this question Sometimes – related to recent issues

7 Worship Responses Q3 – Does your church congregation help plan Worship? Yes = 50% No = 50%

8 Worship Responses Q4 - How many worship services does your church have throughout the week? 1 = 76% 2 = 20% 3 = 0% 4 = 0%

9 Worship Responses Q5 – How would you describe your worship service(s)?
Traditional Fairly/mostly traditional – mix up the style Liturgical but casual Both traditional and contemporary Morning service German Reform – evening contemporary Mildly blended Eclectic blend of traditional and other

10 Worship Responses Q6 – What resources does your church use in planning worship? Narrative lectionary Worship Ways UCC resources Ecumenical music & worship planner COCU Lectionary Various liturgy sites Revised Common Lectionary

11 Music Responses Q7 – Do you have a children’s choir? Yes = 26.09%
No = 56.52% Other = 17.3% Sing only for special occasions Almost Children’s bells, voice coming

12 Music Responses Q8 – Do you have an adult choir? Yes = 70.83%
No = 16.67% Other = 12.5% Only on special occasions

13 Music Responses Q9 – Does your church have an organist? Yes = 84%
Other = 12% Just resigned Sometimes Several who alternate

14 Music Responses Q10 – Does your church have a pianist/keyboardist?
Yes = 48% No = 12% Other = 40% Same person as Organist Occasionally use the piano

15 Music Responses Q11 – Is your organist also the choir director?
Yes = 44% No = 48% Other = 8% For adult choir, different director for children

16 Music Responses Q12 – Do you have a choir director? Yes = 48% No = 28%
Other = 24% The Organist One member does the job Music Director

17 Music Responses Q13 – Does your church have a band? Yes = 13.04%
No = 69.57% Other = 17.39% Haven’t seen one in past few years On occasion

18 Technology Responses Q14 – Does your church have a projection/TV system in your worship space? Yes = 32% No = 56% Other = 12% Have a projector, not a system In Chapel not sanctuary

19 Technology Responses Q15 – If so, does your church use your system during the service? Yes = 29.41% No = 23.53% Other = 47.06% For contemporary service Announcements, limited in service For special services, not regular worship

20 Technology Responses Q16 – Does your church use the projection/TV system in place of your bulletin? Yes = 5.26% No = 78.95% Other = 15.79% For contemporary service Use both

21 Technology Responses Q17 – Does your church project the words to Hymns/songs during worship? Yes = 13.04% No = 73.91% Other = 13.04% Special occasions Only in the evening

22 Technology Responses Q18 – Does your church have a sound system?
Yes = 95.83% No = 4.17%

23 Technology Responses Q19 – Is your sound system connected to your projection/TV system? Yes = 33.33% No = 58.33% Other = 8.33% Levels are automatic

24 Technology Responses Q20 – Does your church have operators for sound?
Yes = 33.33% No = 54.17% Other = 12.5% Only one Yes but not actively managing system once service starts

25 Technology Responses Q21 – Does your church have operators for projection? Yes = 34.78% No = 65.22%

26 Technology Responses Q22 – Does your church use PowerPoint?
Yes = 39.13% No = 56.52% Other = 8.70% Sometimes Evaluating Media Shout Power Point too horrible to contemplate for worship For the service, not the sermon Just my printed out sermon, then it gets loaded onto Facebook

27 Summary We mostly have one worship service per week
The Pastor is getting some help from congregation in developing worship Various resources used to develop worship Doing well with music Most have an organist/keyboardist/pianist – very few have a band The same person is the Choir Director

28 Summary Not doing so well with Technology
Number of churches skipped these questions Having reviewed the survey, we will demonstrate how to pull all of these resources together, to provide a Meaningful and Memorable worship experience.

29 Why and How We Began To learn how to diversify worship
so that it is meaningful and memorable for everyone. Presenter: Sedonia Today we’re going to present our notes, insights and what we learned from or trip to the Marcia McFee Worship Design Studio Planning Retreat. Lake Junaluska, North Carolina, September 14-17, 2015

30 Marcia McFee Worship Planning Workshop Report
Who was there? Folks traveled from 13 states 4 Denominations – UCC, PSCA, MCC, UMC 38 Churches represented Presenter: Sedonia

31 Presenter: Sedonia

32 Presenter: Sedonia

33 Presenter: Sedonia

34 Presenter: Sedonia

35 M-M Good Worship Meaningful and Memorable Worship
Meaningful – it connects with us Memorable – it sticks with us Presenter:  Suzanne What makes meaningful and memorable worship: Meaningful – it connects with us Memorable – it sticks with us

36 Creating Meaningful and Memorable Worship
Recognize the power of ritual Become familiar with and be willing to create worship rituals  Design worship experiences which embody that which we proclaim Presenter:  Suzanne

37 How do we embody that which we proclaim?
Through addressing in worship the: Need for ritual Need to connect Need for symbolism Presenter:  Suzanne “How do we embody that which we proclaim?” Worship answers three timeless human – divine needs: The need for ritual – patterns tell us who we are (What rituals do you repeat in your worship settings to remind congregation of who that are?)  The need to connect – the embodiment of belonging (What are some new ways in which your worship embodies belonging? Children bringing up communion elements on World Communion Sunday,  The need for symbolism– marking the passages of our lives (using both ancient and new symbols is good).Good Friday slide?

38 Need for Ritual Patterns Which Tell Us Who We Are
What are some rituals which your congregation repeats in worship to remind them who they are?

39 Need to Connect The Embodiment of Belonging
What are new ways to embody belonging in worship? Children can play an important part in the embodiment of belonging. At Trinity,we have expanded children's role in worship: 1.Brought elements and symbols for the altar on World Communion Sunday (Gabriel bringing up globe.) 2. Tomorrow the children will lead the bendiction.

40 Need for Symbolism Using both old and new symbols
Ancient symbol of cross with words to old spiritual shown on screen (modern symbol)during Good Friday Blues Service.

41 Think Like a Filmmaker Multiple Intelligence Theory by Howard Gardner
What is "sensory-rich" worship? Why do we need it?” We are all “wired” (or “tuned-in”) in different ways: Multiple Intelligence Theory by Howard Gardner Presenter:  Sedonia What is sensory-rich worship?   It’s not just the latest worship trend. It is using the latest theories in effective communication, learning styles and the science of memory and formation. Why do we need it?   To create unforgettable messages. To be better storytellers. To draw folks into the service and message.  We want to make worship vital and engaging using all the art forms – objects, colors, dialogue, music, gesture and movement.  We’re not making a movie – just using some of the same techniques that filmmakers use to better communicate in worship.  Let’s look at Howard Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence Theory for more explanation.

42 Applying Multiple Intelligences Theory to Worship
Verbal-linguistic  Musical-rhythmic Logical-mathematical Visual-spatial Bodily-kinesthetic Personal Presenter:  Suzanne Applying Multiple Intelligence Theory (learning theory) by Howard Gardner to worship, We all have preferences for the way we learn and we all have preferences for the ways in which we define worship as meaningful and memorable. Let's take today's worship as an example: •verbal-linguistic (words carry the message) –Call to Worship, Gathering Prayer, Words of the Reformers • musical-rhythmic (music carries the message) – Ben played and sang during Procession, We sang A Mighty Fortress and Enter Rejoice and Come In  • logical-mathematical (how things connect to each other, patterns are important –Elements in Order of Worship are logical and connect to one another; Today: Moved from Martin Luther to us(named our own churches)  to reformers in a chronological order  • visual-spatial (visuals carry messages) – Refer to today's altar scape, screen • bodily-kinesthetic (ritual action carries messages) –Involve body (Today? Pounded on pew) • personal (interpersonal and intrapersonal) –Didn't do they today but we could have included question  for sharing or silent reflection Example of interpersonal/interactive-Where is reforming happening in your life or the life of your church? (public-Ask to share with one other person) If intrapersonal, can pose this question and ask people to reflect quietly on this. (private-keep to self)

43 We need “The Three V’s” for Design
Verbal Visual Visceral Presenter:  Ben Show some of our PP’s from services, workshops, etc. to demonstrate the 3 V’s.  Will use rain stick at Ben's direction. 7 intelligences condensed into three concepts for how to design worship to engage all. Verbal – Words and sounds of worship. Verbal-linguistic, musical-rhythmic, personal Visual – “Sights of worship” –objects / symbols, colors, lighting, and spatial design. visual-spatial, logical-mathematical, personal (intra) Visceral - Visceral “from the gut” – how we connect to message on an emotional, rather than analytical level. Ways to “embody” the Word of God, Ways worship elements evoke a ‘visceral’ reaction. body-kinesthetic, Personal (intra / inter), visual-spatial, musical-rhythmic

44 Verbal What voices do we hear? How do we explain our message?
What does our worship sound like? Examples of verbal elements in worship: Scripture readings. Recited prayers. Hymn texts/song lyrics. Sermons. Anything else spoken/sung/heard. What voices do we hear? – whose voices, lay or clergy? Do we hear from people who relate personally to the message? (example. feed my sheep / food bank) - How many voices? Where are they coming from? (Can we dramatize scripture easily into multiple voices. Can we position readers in different parts of the room.) How do we talk about God/Christ? - can we write / find some litanies that have diverse metaphors for God? (e.g. Forgiver God – confession, Eternal Timekeeper – Advent) - can we have some words / phrases that reinforce our theme / message? (e.g. current worship series, “God does not require … successful / faithful” – Teresa) - do we have some songs that reinforce the message? (e.g. What does our worship sound like? - are there instrumental sounds (a bell , chime, rainstick ? Etc.) that can reinforce our theme or message? - can we use music in other parts of worship than just hymns / special music. (Fold music into prayer) - Can we use silence as a worship element?

45 Visual What does our worship space look like?
What visual elements could reinforce the message? Examples of visual elements of worship: Design of sanctuary space: lighting, color, spatial organization. Symbols / objects of worship (crosses, offering plates, flowers in memory of etc). Video clips / lighting. What does our worship space look like? -could we alter the design of our space at all to reinforce our theme. -what colors / textures lend to the message? (e.g. are we choosing paraments for the season – can we enhance to evoke the drama of our message) What visual elements could reinforce the message? -could there be a “visual metaphor” for our message? (An object) -can it go beyond the worship service (something to take home).

46 Visceral Can we do anything to inspire visceral reactions to the message? How can we “embody” the message in worship? Examples of visceral elements of worship: bodily ritual acts (small: crossing oneself, folding hands in prayer, clapping or dancing during cong. song) (big: taking communion, procession around sanctuary) Committed to Community moments Can we do anything to inspire visceral reactions to the message? -this can involve music, set-up of the room, what we do to set the initial mood. -”when we enter a space, we get an immediate ‘hit’ – a visceral snapshot of what we imagine will happen here.” How can we “embody” the message in worship? -can we take communion? Do movements (as simple as turning to face the person next you)? - have a procession? - clap ?

47 Why Care About "The Three V's" When Designing Worship?
By the 6th grade, out of 10 learners: 2 Primarily auditory learners 4 Primarily visual learners 4 Primarily tactile kinesthetic learners Presenter:  Suzanne Because just as we have different preferences for learning, we also have different preferences for what constitutes meaningful and memorable worship. Sensory rich worship is not new; Think about Stations of the Cross (Say words, you see stations, and you move.) “Sensory-rich” worship is more than just having all the senses represented. It’s all about layering the senses.Ben is going to give examples.

48 Layering “Filmmakers “layer” the senses to tell a story:
Verbal dialogue Music sets the mood, tone, context Visuals: Lighting and spatial design Presenter: Ben Layering: We use the example of filmmakers to illustrate how the senses (the 3 V’s) don’t occur separately but work together to create a full-body immersive experience. We don’t just watch it, we put ourselves in it. Layering helps us immerse ourselves and congregation in the experience. Verbal – “content” – plot forward. “words serve higher goal: move an audience.” Words are symbols. Dialogue is compact and rich. Verbal dialogue happens, but it is not the only–or at times even the primary–medium of communication. Music sets the mood, tone and context. Sound–even the sound of silence–creates experience and mood (differences in sound will change the energy of the service. think about how the previous or next musical piece might “weave” its way into the words of the worship leader or the liturgy that precedes or follows it. Visuals – lighting, camera angle (think of design of worship space), colors. Color and lighting contribute to the energy of the moment (different color palettes and lighting arrangements can change the mood of the worship service)

49 Layering in Worship: Example
Music and prayer working together Setting a ‘tone’ with music, visuals Set up our next example.

50 Open our eyes, Lord, we want to see Jesus, To reach out and touch him, and say that we love him.
(start with musical underscore) Spoken prayer: Lord God, our Provider-- We worship you as the one who meets our needs, who grants our daily bread, who restores our humanity. And we worship you as your people, in a world where wealth is mixed with poverty; where we have all we need, but don’t know how to share. Where poverty hunger and greed make it hard for others to see your healing power in our midst. (animation here) Congregation sings: Open our Eyes, Lord, we want to see Jesus, To reach out and touch him, and say that we love him. Then change slide.

51 Open our ears, Lord, and help us to listen, Open our eyes, Lord,
we want to see Jesus. prayer (underscore continues): So, open our eyes, God. Where there is need, help us to give generously. Where there is injustice, help us to fight mindfully. Where there is brokenness, help us to bring wholeness. With his sight and vision healed Bartimaeus trusted and followed in true discipleship. He followed Christ by imitating Him and when we imitate Christ we not only leave the old things behind, but we take on new and better ways of being and doing. Jesus, you are calling us, saying, “take heart – get up!” Help us to hear your call, to follow you in the way. (animation here)  Congregation sings: Open our ears, Lord, and help us to listen. Open our eyes, Lord, we want to see Jesus. Change slide.

52 Open our eyes, Lord, we want to see Jesus, To reach out and touch him, and say that we love him.
prayer: Show us how to worship you, the crucified God, the risen God, the God who provides. Help us to carry our cross, to accept your gift of new life, to bring that gift to others. Amen. Animation here: Congregation sings whole song. Change slide at the end of this verse.

53 Open our ears, Lord, and help us to listen, Open our eyes, Lord, we want to see Jesus.

54 “Under the Tuscan Sun” "We don't just want to watch it – we want to be in it." Presenter:  Sedonia Let’s watch this clip from “Under the Tuscan Sun” In this scene, Molly, played by Sandra Oh, has her baby. Diane Lane picks up the baby and says, "What's her name, Mol?"  She hears and repeats the name, "Alessandra." As she takes the baby across the room to the window, the voice-over narration says, "dare a la luce" which means "to give to the light."Lane opens the window with the baby in her arms, looks at the sunrise,and says, "welcome to the light."  See if you can pick out the layering elements that make the full experience: Verbal,  Tone,  Music,  Context,  Visuals Filmmakers use layering: narration, dialogue, music sets the mood, tone, context, visuals, color palettes, lighting, panoramic or close-up to create a deeply meaningful and memorable movie. We need to utilize these same techniques to create meaningful and memorable worship. Maybe it’s as simple as a spot light in your sanctuary for a service. Show our spot.

55 “People don’t just want to watch a movie, they throw themselves into the experience….they want to lose themselves in what they’re seeing.” Presenter:  Sedonia Marcia says……. So let’s put Marcia’s theory to work and try an experiment to demonstrate what she’s talking about. Close your eyes - visualize in your minds eye.  Ben plays. (Ben plays)  Let your imagination go free. The music swells as a colorful procession enters the space. Dove-kites fly overhead, calling your eyes to the upward regions of the sanctuary architecture. Bells begin to peel with from ringers in the balcony and a single candle held aloft makes its entrance as the worship leader gestures for all to stand. – Marcia McFee Marcia invites us to focus on perhaps a different set of observations that can give us new lenses to view and design worship. 

56 Three Terms for Simplifying the Planning Process
Anchor Visual/metaphorical representation of the theme. Stones Footprints Presenter:  Sedonia There are three key terms or pieces to the worship series design: Anchor, Frame and Thread. Let’s look at Anchor first. Our ministry team (Pastor Suzanne & Ben) put together the worship series theme using the lectionary or, we have used, Marcia McFee’s worship series. Based on the scripture text they develop the anchor, frames and threads. First is the Anchor. Look at your Matrix handout. “Anchor” • metaphor/symbol – used throughout the entire worship series. Refer to your matrix handout. You will notice the “anchor” them located at the top of the matrix. In the example the Anchor is – “Uncertain Roads” The entire worship series will use an image. A symbol that can powerfully represent the message and help it stick with us. In addition, to the title of the series as an anchor, we’ve used additional symbols throughout the series to reinforce the worship series including: Stones – There are stone on the Uncertain Road Footprints – There are footprints on the Uncertain Road

57 Three Terms for Simplifying the Planning Process
Frame Each Sunday’s Sermon Title Presenter:  Sedonia The second tool is the Frame. Titles for each week of the worship series – each service is called a Frame. Look at your matrix example and you’ll see “Uncertain Signs” and “Uncertain Voices.” Two of the “frames” for the worship series.

58 Three Terms for Simplifying the Planning Process
Thread Repeated Weekly Prayer Music Response Presenter:  Sedonia The third tool is the Thread. Thread – Things that will be repeated throughout the worship series.  Such as a prayer, music, response – purposeful repetition – makes the most of your resources and is sustainable. 

59 Our Process Brainstorming session – congregation support
Ministry team develops the Anchor and Frames Anchor theme Title and scripture for each Frame Synopsis for each Brainstorming session – congregation support Pick a day - 9:30 to 1:30p.m. Select a facilitator Presenter: Larry Now that we have provided you with the theory, we are going to demonstrate how Trinity prepares for a worship series The ministry team will select the series title or anchor, and the title for each of the frames or Sunday’s Then the ministry team will select the scripture for the anchor or series and the Frames or titles as well as a brief synopsis for each We set a date and have Brain storming session. We invite the congregation to participate in the planning process How many have heard or participated in brainstorming sessions? The session are held on a Saturday from 9:30 to 1:30 Pick a facilitator that can keep the pace moving – some series have a lot of Sunday’s and if not kept moving may not complete the task at hand As we will see in a few minutes We open with prayer, song and scripture reading

60 Our Process Provide food and they shall come!
Have fun but keep it moving For each Frame Using the 3 V’s – how to make it M-M Good Verbal, Visual, Visceral The vote Assign action items Find the Thread We have breakfast – keep it simple, no one should feel overwhelmed We have a light lunch – sandwich, chips, fruit, dessert, drinks Keep it informal, allow people to move around if need be Next page turn to handout

61 Sample of Anchor and Frame
Please turn to the page in your handout titled “Uncertain Roads” Have congregation turn to hand out and see the example

62 Audience Participation

63 Illustrating the Frame
Using the 3 V’s – what are some ideas to make this Meaningful and Memorable? Verbal Visual Visceral

64 12/24/2015 Uncertain Welcome Luke 2: 1-20 Mary gave birth to her first born child, a son, wrapped him snugly, and laid him in a manger because there was no place for them in the guestroom. (verse 7) On this most holy of nights, we will gather to hear the old story again about "No Room in the Inn" for our Savior. We will learn of the journey of the Holy Family as they make their way through Manchester and through our lives. Have congregation read aloud Capture the ideas the congregation throws out on flip chart. The vote Then explain that the next step is to assign action, person(s) responsible, completion date, etc. Use other individuals from the church to be involved.

65 Process Summary The process is to be a social event – have fun
Congregation involvement Big help to the Pastor, Ministry Team, and congregation. Don’t get burned out having these session to close

66 Keys to Developing M-M Worship
Start small, find resources/funding, form team. Use worship themes based on church seasons. Share the task by working with team at retreat.  Uncertain Signs        Uncertain Traveling Companions                                                   Presenter:  Suzanne Start small. (We started with altarscapes with symbols representing lessons for the day.) Use worship themes based on church seasons.​-Refer to Uncertain Roads Descriptions and Scriptures. (adapted from WDS) Share the task by working with team.​-Refer to Uncertain Roads Brainstorm. Build on work of planning team.-Refer to Bulletin Covers Develop Worship Planning Matrix for season.​-Refer to Uncertain Roads Matrix Repeat worship elements throughout theme-Refer to Uncertainty Opening Expand beyond worship theme.

67 Repeat worship elements throughout theme.​ Expand beyond worship theme
Develop Worship Planning Matrix for season based on ideas shared at retreat. Repeat worship elements throughout theme.​ Expand beyond worship theme Congregational wide project:  Traveling with the Holy Family during Advent which culminated with video of travel photos on Christmas Eve Enlist help with worship and offer training (reading scripture, operating projector)

68 Preparing For and Managing Change
Presenter:  Suzanne Good luck with this. Difficult to predict how congregation will react. Anticipate reactions. Prepare through communications but don't make too big of a deal about it.

69 Presenter:  Suzanne Reactions to worship are:  • theological (our “experience” of God) This is not necessarily well-thought-out systematic theology… but can be related to things that “feel” holy to us… even down to the habits that make us feel at home. Larry walks the isle to “the Martin’s pew.” Where we sit (Sunday after Sunday) - our “vantage-point” in the sanctuary even becomes part of the memories of our experience of God. These kinds of neural connections are deeply felt and it is difficult to articulate why we want to sit in the same spot, but we just know we do!!• © Marcia McFee

70 Keeping change manageable...
Start small. Build support and communicate changes to congregation. Research resources and budget over time to purchase resources. Join Worship Design Studio and take advantage of free workshops. Suzanne 1. Start small-gradual changes. Altarscapes,  Ash Wednesday around the Communion Table 2.Build support and communicate changes to congregation. 3. Research resources-I graduated from seminary just 5 years ago and did not learn anything remotely related to M-M worship. Search the internet (example: Very moving World Wide Communion service) 4.Join WDS-8 of us went to hear Marcia in PA (Thanks to Steve!) 5. Involve a variety of people in planning and leading worship . Donna and her globe, dolls, and Memorial Day; 9.11  6. Market worship to generate interest (worship themes, "teases" like money ) 7. Seek feedback and adjust accordingly (bulletin, reflection questions)

71 Involve a variety of people in planning and leading worship.
Generate interest by marketing "worship".  Seek feedback and adjust accordingly. Suzanne

72 How's M-M Good Worship Working?​
Well received​ (overall) Bulletin format change was not embraced. Increased congregational participation​ Always learning; keeps things interesting Labor intensive but using themes is key. Evolving; act on feedback and input. Suzanne

73 (We still provide printed bulletin)
Screen (We still provide printed bulletin) Congregation sings out b/c they look up  Feedback about screen backgrounds​ Some people miss seeing "music"​​ Suzanne

74 Resources for Worship Planning
Websites use with Narrative Lectionary) Lectionary Liturgy            The Text This Week   UCC Worship Ways   Suzanne

75 Worship Blog Spot    ​ Worship Design Studio    Video Resources Skit Guys            You Tube            Ted Talks            Hyperpixels Media      

76 Books Creating Holy Spaces, Worship Visuals for the Revised Common Lectionary, Delia Halverson and Karen Appleby Prepare! An Ecumenical Music & Worship Planner,  David L. Bone and Mary J. Scifres Think Like a Filmmaker: Sensory-Rich Worship Design for Unforgettable Messages, Marcia McFee Suzanne

77 Questions???


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