1. Map Link: Great Saljuq Empire on the Eve of the Crusades:
<
uploads/Maps/Map%20-%20Salljuqs%20%26%20
Eve%20of%20Crusades.pdf>

2. Timeline
27th November 1095 Pope Urban II
(p ) preaches the First Crusade
at Clermont.
Sep/Oct 1096 Peasants’ Crusade annihilated
by Saljuqs of Rum.
End 1097 “Official” crusading armies reach
Constantinople, make agreement with
Byzantine emperor, and are shipped across
Bosphorus.

3. Timeline
Crusaders defeat Saljuqs of Rum
and Danishmendids, take over much of coast.
Crusaders set up states at Antioch, Edessa,
Tripoli and Jerusalem.
1105 Kitab al-Jihad (Book of the Jihad)
dictated in public by ‘Ali ibn Tahir
al-Sulami ( ).

4. Map Link: The Crusader States:
<
medieval/maps/map012.jpg>

5. Timeline
1119 Ilghazi of Mardin defeats count of
Antioch at Battle of Balat, a.k.a. Ager
Sanguinis (Field of Blood).
1127 ‘Imad al-Din Zangi (r ) appointed
atabeg (military regent) of Mosul. In following
years usurps power, takes Aleppo and expands
holdings elsewhere but fails to take Damascus.
Also directs attacks against crusader states.

6. Timeline
1144 Zangi takes Edessa.
1146 Zangi murdered by slave.
Reign of Sayf al-Din (at Mosul).
Reign of Nur al-Din.

7. Map Link: Zangi’s Territories:
<
Possession_of_Zengi_%281146%29.svg/2000px-
Possession_of_Zengi_%281146%29.svg.png>

8. Word List
Timeline
madrasa
(religious college)
Sufi (Muslim
mystic)
1148 Nur al-Din helps
foil crusader attack on
Damascus.
1154 Nur al-Din takes
Damascus and
consolidates hold on
Syria.

9. Timeline
1160s Struggle for control over Egypt.
1169 Asad al-Din Shirkuh becomes vizier of
Egypt, dies a few weeks later. Succeeded
by nephew, Salah al-Din Yusuf (Saladin).
Reign of Saladin.
1171 Saladin abolishes Fatimid caliphate
after death of caliph al-‘Adid (r ).

10. Timeline
1174 Death of Nur al-Din. Saladin takes
Damascus.
1183 Saladin takes Aleppo.
1186 Mosul recognises Saladin’s authority.
1187 Saladin destroys crusader field army at
Hattin. Soon takes much of crusader territory,
including Jerusalem.

11. Map Link: Saladin’s Conquests:
<
saladin_conquests_map.jpg>

12. Map Link: The Battle of Hattin, 1187:
<

13. Timeline
1189 Richard I arrives in Levant.
Richard and Saladin
fight each other to a standstill.
Sept 1192 Peace agreement
made. Richard leaves Levant.
4th March 1193 Death of Saladin.

14. Map Link: The Levant in 1197:
<
thumb/9/96/Levant_1197-fr.svg/440px-Levant
_1197-fr.svg.png>

15. Timeline
1204 Crusaders take Constantinople, set up
Latin states in Greece. Crusaders rule in
Constantinople until 1261.
1218 Crusaders attack Egypt.
1219 Crusaders take Damietta. Al-Kamil
(r ) offers to return Jerusalem, but is
refused.
July 1221 Crusaders driven from Egypt.

16. Map Link: Fifth Crusade:
<
13thcentury/images/nile.jpg>

17. Frederick II Yolanda
Timeline
1228 Frederick II arrives in Levant.
1229 Frederick negotiates handover
of Jerusalem.

18. Timeline
1244 Khwarazmians take Jerusalem.
1246 Al-Salih (r ) has Khwarazmians
annihilated.
1249 Louis IX attacks Egypt, takes Damietta.
Begins advance on Cairo.
Al-Salih dies of illness in his tent…

19. (Book of Learning by Example)
Usama ibn Munqidh ( )
Kitab al-I‘tibar
(Book of Learning by Example)

20. Object List
Jami‘ al-Nuri, Hama, Syria (bt ). Plan. (Carole Hillenbrand,
The Crusades: Islamic Perspectives (Edinburgh: Edinburgh
University Press, 1999), p. 129.)
Jami‘ al-Nuri. Minaret. (Carole Hillenbrand, The Crusades: Islamic
Perspectives, p. 140.)
Jami‘ al-Nuri. Inscriptions. (Carole Hillenbrand, The Crusades:
Islamic Perspectives, pp two slides.)
Jami‘ al-Nuri. Minbar. (Carole Hillenbrand, The Crusades:
Islamic Perspectives, p. 157.)
Great Mosque, Aleppo (restored ). Courtyard. (A)
F = Ferret, A = Archnet

21. Object List Great Mosque, Aleppo. Minaret. (A)
Great Mosque, Aleppo. Mihrab and minbar. (A)
Great Mosque, Aleppo. Interior of Sanctuary. (A)
Funerary madrasa of Nur al-Din (1172). Plan. (A)
Funerary madrasa of Nur al-Din. Interior of muqarnas dome. (A)
Funerary madrasa of Nur al-Din. Exterior of muqarnas dome. (A)
Funerary madrasa of Nur al-Din. Muqarnas domes. (A)
F = Ferret, A = Archnet

22. Object List Citadel, Aleppo. View from the Northeast. (A)
Aerial View of Aleppo. (A)
Aerial View of the Citadel, Aleppo. (A)
Citadel, Aleppo. Glacis, northwest side with north barbican and minaret
in background (A)
Citadel, Aleppo. View of entrance gate and bridge over moat. (A)
Citadel, Aleppo. Plane of gatehouses and bridge. (Byzantium Novum
Militarium: <
F = Ferret, A = Archnet

23. Object List
Marble water basin. Egypt, 13th c. (Niall Christie, Personal
Collection: <
waterbasin.jpg>.)
Door knocker. Bronze. AD Aleppo. al-Madrasa
al-Shadhabakhtiyya. 15.5cm. (F)
Mystery object! Bronze. AD Damascus. (F)
Alaeddin Camii, Nigde (Anatolia). 13th c. Plan. (F)
Alaeddin Camii, Nigde (Anatolia). 13th c. interior. (F)
Yirli Mosque - old Byzantine church. Antalya, Turkey (F)
Cifte Minare Madrasa, Erzurum (Anatolia), Front view. (F)
F = Ferret, A = Archnet

24. Object List
Cifte Minare Madrasa, Erzurum (Anatolia), Detail of Minaret. (F)
Cifte Minare Madrasa, Erzurum (Anatolia), Portal. (F)
Cifte Minare, Erzurum (Anatolia), Detail of Cifte Minare
façade. (F)
Cifte Minare, Erzurum (Anatolia), Detail of portal. (F)
Cifte Minare Madrasa, Erzurum (Anatolia), Carved motif. (F)
Cifte Minare Madrasa, Erzurum (Anatolia), Interior courtyard. (F)
Cifte Minare Madrasa, Erzurum (Anatolia), Interior courtyard and
arcade of Cifte Minare Madrasa, detail of columns. (F)
F = Ferret, A = Archnet

25. Object List Gok Medrese, exterior. Sivas, Turkey. 1271. (F)
Ince Minare Madrasa (1258). (Ernst J. Grube, The World of Islam
(London: Paul Hamlyn, 1966), p. 79.)
Ince Minare Madrasa, Konya (Turkey) Façade and pishtaq. (F)
Ince Minare Madrasa, Konya (Turkey). c Detail of façade.
(F)
Ince Minare Madrasa, Konya (Turkey). c Detail of
entrance façade. (F)
Ince Minare Madrasa, Konya (Turkey). c Detail. (F)
Karatay Madrasa. Konya, Turkey Façade. (F)
F = Ferret, A = Archnet

26. Object List
Dome of Karatay Madrasa. (Ernst J. Grube, The World of Islam, p. 78.)
Karatay Madrasa. Konya, Turkey. 1251/2. Qur’anic inscription:
Al ‘Imran. (F)
Turbe (tomb-mausoleum) of Hatun Hanien, daughter of Sultan Alaeddin
Kay-Qubad I (F)
Church of Surp Khach (Holy Cross, ), Aktamar Island, Turkey.
(BBC News: <
Tomb of Halima Khatun, (Robert Hillenbrand, Islamic Art and
Architecture (London: Thames and Hudson, 1999), p. 118.)
Hudavent Hatun turbe Nigde Anatolia. (F)
F = Ferret, A = Archnet

27. Object List Detail of turbe of Hudavent Hatun. 1312. Anatolia. (F)
Detail of Church of Surp Khach (Holy Cross), Aktamar Island, Turkey.
(BBC News: <
Sultanhane Caravanserai. Anatolia (1229). Detail of portal. (F)
Sultanhane Caravanserai. Anatolia. Ceremonial gateway. Caravanserai
with Corinthian capitals and zigzag columns (F)
Ceramic mihrab: Arslanhane Mosque. Ankara. Seljuq period. 13th c. (F)
Decorated vase. Ceramic. 12th c. H = 19.5cm; D = 15.2cm. Lebanon. (F)
Bowl with hare. Ceramic. AD Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi. 23 x 11 cm.
(F)
F = Ferret, A = Archnet

28. Object List F = Ferret, A = Archnet
Bowl with two women. Faience. AD Hama. 26 x 6.5 cm. (F)
Bowl, late 12th/early 13th c. Raqqa, Syria. (Metropolitan Museum of
Art: < – 2 images)
A Syrian healing bowl allegedly made for Mahmud ibn Zanki, or the
“son of Zangi, also known as Nur al-Din,” ruler of Damascus
from th c. (F)
Blacas Ewer: brass hammered inlaid silver and copper. Mosul (F)
Detail of the Blacas Ewer. Brass, with silver and copper inlay. Mosul.
1232. “al-Mausili”. (F)
Pyxis depicting Christ’s entry into Jerusalem and other scenes, mid 13th
c., Syria. (Metropolitan Museum of Art:
<

29. Object List
Detail of the interior of the so-called “d’Arenberg Basin”, showing what
appears to be Christian saints. Syria. c. 1240s. Brass inlaid.
9” high. (F)
Tapestry-woven tiraz fragment attached to linen. Egypt. Second half of
the 12th c. (F)
Silk fabric. Turkey (F)
Wooden Qur’an stand. Konya, mid-13th c. (Niall Christie,
Personal Collection: <
HIST2252slides/quranstand1.jpg>.)
Wooden Qur’an stand. Konya, mid-13th c. (Volkmar Enderlein et al.,
Museum für Islamische Kunst (Mainz: Verlag Philipp von Zabern,
2001), p. 60.)
F = Ferret, A = Archnet