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Cloud Computing Overview and Architecture

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1 Cloud Computing Overview and Architecture
Cloud Computing, CS Cloud Computing Overview and Architecture

2 Course Content Overview and Cloud Computing Architecture
IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS Data Management in the Cloud Hardware and OS Considerations for the Cloud, MS Azure End-to-End Design, and Operations Management Case Study: Google Cloud Computing: Google App Engine Amazon Cloud Computing: EC2, AWS, S3, SQS, SimpleDB Yahoo Cloud Computing IBM Cloud Computing OpenStack Mobile and Cloud Computing

3 Textbooks Cloud Computing Architected, 2011, John Rhoton & Risto Haukioja, Recursive Press, ISBN-13: Cloud Computing Explained, 2nd edition, John Rhoton, Recursive Press, ISBN-13: The Datacenter as a Computer: An Introduction to the Design of Warehouse-Scale Machine, by Luiz André Barroso and Urs Hölzle, Google Inc., ISBN (Internet free download) Programming Google App Engine, Dan Sanderson, O’Reily | Google Press, 2010, ISBN: Programming Amazon EC2, Jurg van Vliet & Flavia Paganelli, O’Reilly, 2011, ISBN:

4 Outline Background Cloud Computing
Characteristics, Attributes, Terms, Terminology Hardware: Data Center and Thin Client Software: Virtualization and Services Why now? What’s the challenge ahead? Mobile Applications and Social Networking How are they related to Cloud Computing? Impact on Consumers and Enterprises Summary and Conclusion I can pretty much read this one straight through and provide details in following slides.

5 Background Here’s an overview of cloud computing. Basically the main bulk of computing power resides in the cloud, accessible on-demand through network. There may be a separate software/service provider or a cloud user that channels/aggregates/provisions the desired services to end users. Source: “Above the Clouds: A Berkeley View of Cloud Computing” Feb. 4, 2009

6 Background: Cloud Computing in a Nutshell
Applications delivered as services over the Internet Hardware and systems software in the datacenters that provide those services. Cloud: datacenter hardware and software Centralization of IT infrastructure made available to end users, software providers, and enterprises over the Internet Service Models: Software as a Service (SaaS, e.g. salesforce.com) Platform as a Service (PaaS, e.g. Google’s App Engine) Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS, e.g. Amazon Web Service) Why? Easier to manage and Larger economies of scale In general, cloud computing can mean 1. applications/services delivered over the internet 2. HW and Systems SW in DC that enable the services. Features: Centralization- think of Office, OS, AV updates. Roughly, there are 3 service models.

7 Background: Cloud Computing Economy
Economies of scale in hardware acquisition cost (5-7X improvement), software license cost, electricity cost and IT management cost (7X improvement) Enable SaaS providers that don’t own IT infrastructure Semiconductor Industry Software Industry Analogy Foundries (TSMC, UMC) Cloud Computing According to the Berkeley research paper, CC saves. Interesting analogy between semi and software industries. Enable Enable Fabless Chip Design (e.g. nVidia…) Datacenter-less SaaS provider Source: “Above the Clouds: A Berkeley View of Cloud Computing” Feb. 4, 2009

8 Background: Players in Cloud Computing Space
End User Enterprise User Consumer SaaS User Cloud Service User Enterprise IT Department Web Application Developer SaaS Provider Cloud Service Provider Mega Data Center Operator Cloud Application Platform Provider A closer look at CC with each component Mega Data Center Hardware Provider Software Provider

9 Background: MEGA Data Center Building Blocks
Server vs. Rack vs. Container High Performance vs. Low Power CPU Enterprise Grade vs. Commodity Hardware GPU or FPGA? Data Center Networking Eliminate Layer-3 routers within data center Network load balancing Storage System Unification of data and storage networking Flash Memory or even DRAM storage Since economies of scale are in play, larger DC is in favor. So the HW blocks can be enumerated. How do you design for best performance?

10 Background: Challenge 1 - Power Efficiency
Why do you build Mega Data Centers at the scales of 100k to one million machines? Energy cost becomes critical Cooling System Think Green New Metric: Amount of work done/joule Intelligent Power Management Centralized or distributed power source Fine-granularity HW component turn on/off: memory bank, CPU core, CPU, disk, etc. Modularity and Flexibility Easily Expandable/Removable Systems Physical Design Concerns MSFT, Google built in Washington and Oregon, Apple in NC

11 Background: Challenge 2 - Data Center Management
Design for manageability Discovery: Establish dependencies among system components. If Switch 32 dies, how many services are affected? Diagnosis: Identify the root cause behind a functionality or performance failure Remediation: Take corrective actions to minimize the mean time to repair Complexity of Managing of Real and Virtual Computing, Networking, Storage and Other Devices

12 Cloud Computing: Characteristics
Cloud Computing: is a style of computing in which dynamically scalable and often virtualized resources are provided as a service over the internet Virtual: Software, databases, Web Servers, Operating Systems, Storage, and networking as virtual servers On-demand: ability to add and subtract processors, memory, network bandwidth, storage as needed Users need not have knowledge of, expertise in, or control over the technology infrastructure in the “cloud” that supports them Software to utilize HW to the max

13 Cloud Computing: Attributes
Off-Premise: The service is hosted & delivered from a location that belongs to a service provider over the Internet Elasticity: leverage the inherent scalability of service provider by providing elastic provisioning mechanism so that resources can be scaled up/down quickly as needed Flexible Billing: Fine-grained metering of resource usage combined with on-demand service provisioning Virtualization: Cloud services offered through an abstracted infrastructure Service Delivery: Typically the service offers programmatic API in addition to user interface Software to utilize HW to the max

14 Cloud Computing: Attributes
Universal Access (Resource Democratization): Pooled resources are available to anyone authorized to utilize them Simplified Management: through automatic provisioning to meet scalability needs, user self-service, and programmatically accessible resources to integrate into the Enterprise Management Framework Affordable Resources: cost is reduced dramatically because: (1) No capital cost. (2) Economy-of-scale Multi-tenancy: mechanisms to isolate tenants (organizations) from each other while pooling resources across customers Service-level Agreement (SLA): Sets the expectations with the customer Software to utilize HW to the max

15 Cloud Computing: Terms
Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA): Decompose IT landscape of an Enterprise into unassociated and loosely coupled functional services. An enterprise that uses SOA is better positioned to leverage Cloud Computing Grid Computing: Use of many interconnected computers to solve a problem through highly parallel computation Web 2.0: Is associated with Cloud Computing even though there are no intrinsic connections. Web 2.0 refers to a class of services (platform for web-based collaborative communities) that may be delivered in many different ways, while Cloud Computing refers to a means of delivering the service Software to utilize HW to the max

16 Cloud Computing: Since 1999 - “Web 2.0”
– Self publishing: LiveJournal/Blogger.com (1999), YouTube (2005) – Metadata & feeds: RSS (1999), Atom (2003) – Collaboration: Wikipedia (2001), Google docs (2006) – Tagging: del.icio.us (2003), digg.com (2004), flickr (2004) – Ajax: Gmail (2004), Google Maps (2005) – Long Tail: Amazon (1994), Google AdSense (2005) – API: Yahoo!, GData, Amazon… (who doesn't?) – Aggregation: Google News (2002), Google Reader (2005) – Social: LinkedIn (2003), MySpace (2003), Facebook (2004) – Microblogging: Twitter (2006), Plurk (2008)

17 Cloud Computing: Terminology
Software to utilize HW to the max

18 Cloud Computing: Hardware – Datacenter & Thin Client
Cloud computing is the modern, if not ultimate, form of Server-Based Computing (SBC) Thin client has been used successfully for the last 20 years Thin client is typically web-based desktop management and support, using HTTP or FTP, and as a result the administration of the thin client infrastructure can be outsources as a cloud service With thin client and outsourcing IT to external service provider, client data are handled professionally and data availability is guaranteed (SLA) Software to utilize HW to the max

19 Cloud Computing: Hardware – Datacenter Classification
Tier I datacenters: Single path for power and cooling distribution, without redundant components Non-redundant components Expected availability of % Tier II: Adds redundant components to this design (N + 1), improving availability Expected availability of % Tier III: Multiple power and cooling distribution paths but only one active path. They also have redundant components and are concurrently maintainable, that is, they provide redundancy even during maintenance, usually with an N + 2 setup Concurrent maintainable infrastructure Expected availability of % Software to utilize HW to the max

20 Cloud Computing: Hardware – Datacenter Classification
Tier IV Meets or exceed tier 1, tier 2, and tier 3 requirements Two active power and cooling distribution paths, redundant components in each path Tolerate any single equipment failure without impacting the load Expected availability of % Software to utilize HW to the max

21 Cloud Computing: Hardware - Main Components
Power UPS PDU Cooling CRAC Free Cooling What about efficiency? The amount of computational work performed divided by the total energy used in the process Software to utilize HW to the max

22 Cloud Computing: Hardware – Datacenter, Where Energy Go
Software to utilize HW to the max

23 Cloud Computing: Hardware – Datacenters Tour
Google Microsoft HP IBM, Facebook, Apple, do your own search Software to utilize HW to the max

24 Cloud Computing: Software – Virtualization and Services
Mapping of Users’ Hardware Requirements Example: Dual core 2.4GHz CPU, 3GB 800MHz Bus-Speed Memory, Gigabit Ethernet and Two Terabytes of 7200 RPM Hard Drives Other Environment Variables, Peripherals, Boot Options Resource Allocation and Provisioning Virtualization for GPU, PS3, FPGA engine, etc. Virtualization-based fault tolerance: Backup and Reliability Software to utilize HW to the max Example: Machine1 Machine Machine3 Machine4 VM VM1(B) VM VM2(B) VM3 (B) VM VM4 (B) VM4 VM5 (B) VM VM5 (B) VM5

25 Cloud Computing: Software – Virtualization and Services
Hypervisor, Virtual Machine Manager - VMM, is one popular technique allowing multiple Operating Systems, guest OS, to run concurrently on a host computer Hypervisor describes the interface provided by the cloud computing functionality known as IaaS There are two types of hypervisors: Type-1 (bare metal) hypervisors: run directly on the host hardware. It controls both the hardware as well as the guest OS Type-2 (hosted) hypervisors: run within the conventional OS as a distinct 2nd layer, and the guest OS runs as a 3rd layer Software to utilize HW to the max

26 Cloud Computing: Software – Virtualization and Services
Software to utilize HW to the max

27 Cloud Computing: Software – Virtualization and Services
Software to utilize HW to the max Types of Cloud Service

28 Cloud Computing: Why Cloud Computing Now? (1)
Market Pull Software on the premise  SaaS Information technology (IT) on the premise  IT service as a rented utility (Electricity) IT should not and will not be a core competence for most corporations (Nicholas Carr’s “IT does not matter” and “The Big Switch”) PaaS and IaaS Lowering up-front and day-to-day IT cost: Pay only as much as actual resource usage Total Cost of Ownership including SW maintenance

29 Cloud Computing: Why Cloud Computing Now? (2)
Technology Push Broadband network connectivity getting faster and more reliable Low Cost Powerful Processors and Advanced Virtualization Software Sufficient trust in infrastructure providers Google is already a critical service for most of the world, and it is in the cloud! Comparison: Mainframe systems Trust is a very important issue. Remember Google mail hiccup this summer? So private cloud has its market. Counter to mega data center. Technology has advanced so much. We’re not going back to mainframe days (time-slicing) although the picture may look similar.

30

31 Mobile Apps & Social Networking: Innovative Apps of Cloud Computing
Mobile Applications and Social Networking are greatly empowered and enriched by Cloud Computing. Popular mobile devices have to be low power, low priced, thus need to shift most computing tasks to the cloud. Cloud-backed consumer device: Thin phone + desktop virtualization Mobile Internet Device (MID) E-Books and other Gadgets Think smartphone Apps and Facebook. Facebook Apps exist in cloud. Smartphones, despite the increase in CPU speed, are not powerful enough for serious computations.

32 Mobile Apps & Social Networking: Social Networking
Facebook, Twitter, Orkut, Linked-In Viral Effect and Stickiness Attract huge investment from big players Online Gaming and Wireless Access Solution by Cloud Computing Global Movement and Reach Kaixin Business Model Virtual Economy and Social Issues China Health Ministry to treat 'Net addiction as disorder

33 Mobile Apps & Social Networking: Social Networking in Enterprises
Cisco Systems The Human Effect Networking Campaign Acquisition of Five Across, Pure Digital IBM Lotus Connections - Social software for business Home page, Blogs, Profiles, Wikis, Communities... Google and Others Performance review based on network circles Development of Social Networking style Corporate Communications Tools

34 Summary and Conclusion
Cloud Computing More Public and Private Clouds Hardware: MB/Server/Rack – ASUS position Software Challenges Mobile Apps and Social Networking Development of innovative applications Always connected thin clients We are in for a long ride of a huge wave It’s probably just the first inning so far.

35 END


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