1. Do Now What led to the discovery of cells?
What scientists were involved in the discovery of cells and the cell theory?

2. The History of the Cell The Cell The basic unit of an organism
Discovery made possible by the invention of the microscope

4. Microscopes and Cells 1600’s.
Anton van Leeuwenhoek first described living cells as seen through a simple microscope.

5. Microscopes and Cells 1830’s.
Mathias Schleiden identified the first plant cells and concluded that all plants made of cells.
Thomas Schwann made the same conclusion about animal cells.

6. Cell Theory All organisms are made up of one or more cells.
The cell is the basic unit of organization of all organisms.
All cells come from other cells already in existence.

7. Why do you think it is important to study cells and how is this important to science?

8. Cells There are 200 different kinds of cells in the human body!
Shape of cells is dependent on Function
Red blood cells have a circular shape that resembles a shallow bowl, but they can change shape without breaking to squeeze through smaller spaces if necessary. White blood cells have different shapes, depending on their function. While they can multiply easily, they don't change shape.

9. Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells
Two basic cell types
Karyon= Nut or kernel
Pro= Before
Eu= true
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells

10. Prokaryote Vs. Eukaryote
# of Cells
Size
Organelles
DNA
Example

11. Two Basic Cell Types 1) Prokaryote Lacks internal compartments.
No true nucleus.
Most are single-celled (unicellular) organisms.
Examples: bacteria

12. Two Basic Cell Types 2) Eukaryote
Has several internal structures (organelles).
True nucleus.
Either unicellular or multicellular.
unicellular example: yeast
multicellular examples:
plants and animals

13. Do Now
Distinguish between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Give examples of each.

14. Parts of the Eukaryotic Cell
BOUNDARIES
CELL MEMBRANE (Plasma membrane)
boundary between the cell and its external environment
Semi-permeable/selectively permeable
Made of 2 layers of lipid (phospholipid) with embedded proteins

15. Lets Draw the cell membrane!
Cell membrane is referred to as a fluid mosaic model
Video

16. The Parts of The Eukaryotic Cell
Boundaries
A) Plasma Membrane
-- Serves as a boundary between the cell and its external environment.
-- Allows materials to pass in and out of the cell.

17. CELL WALL
Protects and maintains structure
Plant cell walls are made of cellulose
Bacteria, fungi, and some protozoa have cells walls- made of chitin and sometimes proteins

19. The Parts of The Eukaryotic Cell
B) Cell Wall -- Surrounds the plasma membrane of the cells of plants, bacteria, and fungi. -- Plant cell walls contain cellulose while fungi cell walls contain chitin.

20. Do Now
The plasma membrane is comprised on heads and tails in the phospholipid bilayer. Describe the characteristics of these heads and tails.

21. Control center of the cell Protects DNA
Nucleus
Control center of the cell
Protects DNA
Prokaryotic cells do not have a defined nucleus: they have a nucleoid region

22. Lets Draw the nucleus!

23. The Parts of The Eukaryotic Cell
2) Controls
A) Nucleus
Regulates cell function.
Surrounded by a double-layered membrane (nuclear enveloped) with large pores that allow materials to pass in and out of the nucleus.
Contains chromatin – long tangles of DNA.

24. The Parts of The Eukaryotic Cell
2) Controls
B) Nucleolus
Found in the nucleus and responsible for ribosome production. Ribosomes are the sites of protein production.

25. The Parts of The Eukaryotic Cell
3) Assembly
Cytoplasm
The jelly-like material that surrounds the organelles.

26. Cytoplasm The fluid in the cell also called cytosol
Contains enzymes, fatty acids, sugars, and amino acids that are used to keep the cell working.
Cyclosis or cytoplasmic streaming: The movement of cytoplasm within a living cell.
It transports nutrients, enzymes, and larger particles within cells.

28. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Functions as a manufacturing and packaging system
network of membranes found throughout the cell and connected to the nucleus.
Two types: Rough ER and Smooth ER

30. The Parts of The Eukaryotic Cell
4) Transport
A) Endoplasmic reticulum
Folded membrane that acts as the cell’s delivery system.
Smooth E.R. contains enzymes for lipid synthesis.
Rough E.R. is studded with ribosomes for protein synthesis.

31. Golgi apparatus Protein packaging factories
(post office/UPS of the cell)
Lets Draw!

32. The Parts of The Eukaryotic Cell
4) Transport
B) Golgi apparatus (or Golgi body)
A series of flattened sacs where newly made lipids and proteins from the E.R. are repackaged and shipped to the plasma membrane.

33. When enough proteins have been synthesized, they collect and are pinched off in vesicles

34. DO NOW
Describe the process in which proteins and lipids are transported out of the cell (Name and describe the function of all organelles involved in this process)
Why is the nucleus known as the “control center?”

35. Vacuoles Storage bins to the cells
Found in both animal and plant cells, but larger in plant cells
Store waste products so the rest of the cell is protected from contamination
Structure: membrane that surrounds a mass of fluid

37. The Parts of The Eukaryotic Cell
Vacuoles
A sac of fluid surrounded by a membrane used to store food, fluid, or waste products.

39. Lysosomes
Function: digest food, breakdown old cell parts and foreign invaders
Contains hydrolytic enzymes (digestive enzymes)
Originates from the Golgi apparatus
Video

41. Here's something scientists are still trying to figure out
Here's something scientists are still trying to figure out. If the lysosome holds many types of enzymes, how can the lysosome survive? Lysosomes are designed to break down complex molecules and pieces of the cell. Why don't the enzymes break down the membrane that surrounds the lysosome?

42. The Parts of The Eukaryotic Cell
B) Lysosomes
Contain a digestive enzyme.
Can fuse with vacuoles to digest food, or can digest worn cell parts.
Also known as “suicide sacs” because they can also destroy the whole cell.

43. Mitochondria
Digestive system: Takes in nutrients, breaks them down, and creates energy rich molecules for the cell
Site for cellular respiration
Contains two membranes (double-membrane organelle)

44. Lets draw the mitochondria
ATP
CELLULAR RESPIRATION

45. Video

46. The Parts of The Eukaryotic Cell
6) Energy Transformers
A) Mitochondria
Produce the energy for the cell.
Also known as the “powerhouse of the cell”.
Has a highly folded inner membrane (cristae).

47. Chloroplasts Food producers of the cell
Animal cells DO NOT have chloroplasts
Function: to convert light energy of the sun into sugars used by cells
CHLOROPHYLL molecules in the chloroplast capture light energy from the sun

48. Lets draw the chloroplast
Photosynthesis

49. The Parts of The Eukaryotic Cell
B) Chloroplasts -- Found in plant cells and some protists. -- Transforms light energy into chemical energy which is stored in food molecules. -- Contain chlorophyll – a green pigment that traps light energy and gives plants their green color.

50. How are mitochondria and chloroplasts similar? How are they different?
DO NOW
How are mitochondria and chloroplasts similar? How are they different?

51. Cytoskeleton Composed of Microtubules and Microfilaments
Microtubules: Thick, strong spirals
Microfilaments: long, thin, skinny protein
Cytoskeleton provides structure

52. Microtubules
Cell division: Connect to chromosomes to help with cell’s first split
Locomotion in protists- cilia and flagella

53. Microfilaments Cell movement
microfilaments are found attached to proteins on the cell membrane
Binding proteins allow microfilaments to push and pull on cell membrane to help the cell move

54. The Parts of The Eukaryotic Cell
7) Support
Cytoskeleton
A network of thin, fibrous materials that act as a scaffold and support the organelles.
Microtubules – hollow filaments of protein.
Microfilaments – solid filaments of protein.

55. Locomotion
Microtubules combine in specific arrangements to form cilia and flagella
Cilia: little hairs outside a paramecium or other protists
Flagella: long, thick tails

56. The Parts of The Eukaryotic Cell
8) Locomotion
A) Cilia
Short, numerous, hair-like projections from the plasma membrane.
Move with a coordinated beating action.

57. The Parts of The Eukaryotic Cell
8) Locomotion
B) Flagella
Longer, less numerous projections from the plasma membrane.
Move with a whip-like action.

58. Cilia and flagella

59. Centrioles Found near the nucleus (centrosome)
Function in the process of cell division (mitosis and meiosis)
During the time of cell division, there is a total of 4 centrioles
Meet a centriole

60. The Parts of The Eukaryotic Cell
9) Cell Division
A)Centrioles
made of protein.
play a role in the splitting of the cell into two cells.
found in animal and fungi cells.

61. Pick your favorite organelle!
Instagram it!
Describe the function of this organelle
How would the cell be affected if this organelle did not exist?
When you are done, stick it up on the board