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Intercultural Relations
Agoes & Agoes
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The World Today Lack of understanding between people of different cultural backgrounds. The need to create the awareness that it is important to build intercultural understanding through a more comprehensive and serious approach.
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INDONESIA TODAY Widening intercultural conflicts
The need to create the awareness that it is possible to build intercultural understanding through intercultural education.
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Human beings draw close to one another by their common nature, but habits and customs keep them apart. Confucian saying
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Culture is the collective programming of the mind, which distinguishes the members of one human group from another. Geert Hofstede
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THE ANTI MODEL Civilized Primitive
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Cultural Dimensions Community Nationality Environment Family Province
Background City Religion Age Education Socio-economic Profession Gender
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The effort to understand, suspend judgment, convey respect, empathy and caring can only be successful through reciprocal openness with honest feedback and cultural clarification from the other perspective. Culturally sensitive judgment then can be derived through attempts to arrive at a consensus understanding.
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AM I SUCCESSFUL IN MY INTERCULTURAL ENVIRONMENT
The Criteria of Intercultural Adjustment Success: 1. Good Personal Adjustment If people say to themselves: “Yes, I feel comfortable here, I’m doing well” 2. Good Interpersonal Relations with Hosts Respect Good collegial relations Free time with hosts Sharing personal relations with hosts If hosts say to themselves: “This person interacts well here and get along with others”. 3. Task Effectiveness Successful attainment of task related goals.
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The first point is known by asking ourselves , but the second point is harder to find out. Many Indonesians keep their views and feelings much to themselves. The words baik, tidak apa-apa, and semua beres or “everything is alright and I am fine” might not reassure one that it is truly so.
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Path of Intercultural Learning
Multiculturalism Selective Adoption Appreciation/ valuing Acceptance/ Respect understanding Awareness Ethnocentricity Based on a model by: David S. Hoopes Managing Cultural Diversity Myers & Lambert
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Plurality Concept Acceptance of plurality Creation of healthy attitude
Working together toward good deeds Acceptance of differences for mutual benefit
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PRE-REQUISITES FOR ADJUSTMENT IN INDONESIA
Eagerness to learn and understand Self control Respect Interpersonal relation skills Sincerity Flexibility Ability to communicate Acceptance
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Keterangannya belum jelas
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I WILL NOT JUDGE TILL I HAVE UNDERSTOOD
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CULTURAL SHIFT I. MORE OF II. KEEP III. LESS OF
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SOME INDONESIAN VALUES
GOTONG ROYONG Gotong royong Working and helping together 2. TEPA SELIRA Tenggang rasa Empathy 3. ANDHAP ASOR Rendah hati Humble
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Uneasiness due to circumstance 7. ALON ALON ASAL/WATON KELAKON
4. AJA DUMEH Jangan sombong Do not be arrogant 5. JER BASUKI MAWA BEA Keberhasilan menuntut pengorbanan Successful requires sacrifice 6. PAKEWUH Sungkan Uneasiness due to circumstance 7. ALON ALON ASAL/WATON KELAKON Biar lambat asal terlaksana dengan selamat Successful implementation no matter how slow
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INDIVIDUALISM INDEX (IDV) VALUES FOR 50 COUNTRIES AND 3 REGIONS
Score rank Country or Region IDV Score 1 USA 91 10/11 Sweden 71 19 Israel 54 2 Australia 90 France 20 Spain 51 3 Great Britain 89 12 Ireland (Rep. of) 70 21 India 48 4/5 Canada 80 13 Norway 69 22/23 Japan 46 Netherlands 14 Switzerland 68 Argentina 6 New Zealand 79 15 Germany F. R 67 24 Iran 41 7 Italy 76 16 South Africa 65 25 Jamaica 39 8 Belgium 75 17 Finland 63 26/27 Brazil 38 9 Denmark 74 18 Austria 55 Arab Countries
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Score rank Country or Region IDV Score 28 Turkey 37 Hong Kong 25 46
Costa Rica 15 29 Uruguay 36 38 Chile 23 47/48 Pakistan 14 30 Greece 35 39/41 West Africa 20 Indonesia 31 Philippines 32 Singapore 49 Colombia 13 Mexico Thailand 50 Venezuela 12 33/35 East Africa 27 42 Salvador 19 51 Panama 11 Yugoslavia 43 South Korea 18 52 Equador 8 Portugal 44 Taiwan 17 53 Guatemala 6 Malaysia 26 45 Peru 16 Geert Hofstede
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GENERALIZATION Generalization is when we take a given characteristic derived from the same source, and treat it cautiously as a hypothesis rather than as a fact. A generalization also recognizes that there is diversity within a culture group and that not all members possess the attribute. Generalizations are provisional statements such as: “Based on what I know at this point, Mexicans in general are likely to be more expressive and emotional than we are”
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Individual and learned PERSONALITY
- Specific to Inherited Individual and learned PERSONALITY Specific to group Learned or category CULTURE Universal HUMAN NATURE Inherited Three levels of uniqueness in human mental programming Geert Hofstede
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AREA OF IGNORANCE (no contact)
LINE OF AMBIVALENCE Most Positive Most Negative Range of Attitude Feelings COMFORT ZONE
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PROCESS OF INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION
INTENTION EXPRESSION INTERPRETATION // // Known only Known to Known only to the Sender’s Public to the Receiver’s Private Self Private Self WHAT’S MEANT WHAT’S SENT WHAT’S UNDERSTOOD Sender’s Cultural Filter Receiver’s Cultural Filter
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Religion Important to me
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Religion Not Important to me
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Dr. Irid Agoes iagoes@cbn.net.id
fax : fax : Education: PhD, State University of New York at Buffalo, USA, College of Arts and Sciences MA, State University of New York at Buffalo, USA, Faculty of Arts and Letters MA, University of Indonesia, Faculty of Arts and Letters Present Positions: Director, The Indonesian International Education Foundation Chair, The Indonesian Intercultural Studies Centre Lecturer of Intercultural Relations, University of Indonesia, Graduate Program Span of Managing and Consulting Work: Scholarship management experience in nationwide recruitment and selection for high school, undergraduate and graduate based scholarship programs in Indonesia since 1982. Consulting officials and consultants from governments, international organizations and business corporations from Africa, Asia, Australia, Canada, Central and South America, New Zealand, USA and Western Europe since 1985. Orienting Indonesian undergraduate, graduate, and post-graduate students and scholars bound for foreign universities and incoming foreign scholars to Indonesia. All the scholars are recipients of respective governments’ scholarships and grants as well as non-governmental exchange organizations. Working and consulting in Canada, China, Europe, India, Indonesia, Japan, USA and Vietnam. Organizational Responsibilities: President, SIETAR Indonesia (The International Society of Intercultural Education, Training and Research) Vice President of International Council of Islamic Women Scholars Board of Advisors, Faculty of Humanities, University of Indonesia
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