1. 1980 Educational Attainment and Income CA US FL TX AZ NM
$50,000
1980
$43,000
$36,000 AK
Personal Income Per Capita CT
$29,000 CA NV WY NJ HI IL NY MD DE WA CO MA MN OH PA US OR VA FL WI MI KS NH IA RI OK AZ TX
$22,000 IN MO NE MT LA VT GA ID UT ME NM WV KY TN NC SD
Correlation = 0.64 ND AL SC AR MS
$15,000 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Percent of Adults 25 to 64 with Bachelors Degrees
Sources: U.S. Census Bureau, Decennial Census’ and American Community Survey

2. 1990 Educational Attainment and Income CA FL US AZ TX NM
$50,000
1990
$43,000 CT NJ
$36,000 NY
Personal Income Per Capita AK MD MA HI DE CA IL NV VA NH MN RI WA
$29,000 FL PA CO US OH MI WI WY NE OR KS IN IA MO VT GA NC ME AZ TX TN OK SD SC ND KY AL ID MT LA
$22,000 NM UT WV AR MS
Correlation = 0.76
$15,000 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Percent of Adults 25 to 64 with Bachelors Degrees
Sources: U.S. Census Bureau, Decennial Census’ and American Community Survey

3. 2000 Educational Attainment and Income CA US FL TX AZ NM
$50,000
2000 CT
$43,000 NJ MA NY MD NH CO CA MN
$36,000 IL WA DE VA
Personal Income Per Capita NV PA AK US WY MI RI FL WI HI OH TX GA OR KS VT IN MO NE NC IA
$29,000 TN SD ME AZ ND KY SC OK ID UT AL LA MT WV AR NM MS
$22,000
Correlation = 0.80
$15,000 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Percent of Adults 25 to 64 with Bachelors Degrees
Sources: U.S. Census Bureau, Decennial Census’ and American Community Survey

4. 2005 Educational Attainment and Income CA US FL TX AZ NM
$50,000
2005 CT NJ MA
$43,000 MD NY NH CO WY MN VA DE CA
$36,000 IL NV AK WA PA RI
Personal Income Per Capita US HI FL WI NE SD KS VT TX MI OR OH IA IN MO NC ND TN ME GA OK AZ AL
$29,000 MT KY SC ID NM UT WV AR MS LA
$22,000
Correlation = 0.83
$15,000 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Percent of Adults 25 to 64 with Bachelors Degrees
Sources: U.S. Census Bureau, Decennial Census’ and American Community Survey

5. Projected Change in U.S. Population by Age and Race/Ethnicity From 2000 to 2020 (In Millions)
White
African-American
Hispanic /Latino
Asian /Pacific Islander 15
12.40 10
7.12
7.32
6.50
5.49 5
3.69
2.79
2.97
1.87
2.03
2.29
1.57
1.11
1.20
1.41
0.42
0.33
0 to 17
18 to 24
25 to 44
45 to 64
65 and Older
-0.88
-1.83 -5
-6.59
Note: Projections based on the 2000 Census are not available for Native Americans
-10
Source: US Census Bureau, Population Projections based on the 2000 Decennial Census

6. Transition and Completion Measures from High School to College Completion for the U.S. – 2004
69.3%
68.8%
31.1%
58.2%
47.8%
62.5%
24.3%
39.7%
54.5%
61.8%
30.3%
45.8%
57.4%
28.6%
36.5%
78.4%
32.7%
64.6% 0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Graduating from High
School Within Four Years
Attending College Directly
Out of High School
Three-Year Graduation Rate
at Two-Year Colleges
Six-Year Graduation Rate at
Four-Year Colleges
Not Available
White
Roughly half of Hispanics and African-Americans don’t complete high school within four years.
African-American
Hispanic /Latino
Native American
Asian /Pacific Islander
Source: National Center for Education Statistics; Common Core Data, Digest of Education Statistics, and IPEDS Graduation Rate Survey

7. Change in the Percentage of Adults with a College Degree (Associates and Higher) – From 1990 to 2000
Females
Males
White
African-American
Hispanic/Latino
Native American/AK Native
LEGEND
Asian/Pacific Islander
12%
25 to 34 Year Olds
25 to 64 Year Olds
11.0%
10%
8.5%
8.0%
7.7% 8%
7.4% 6%
4.5%
4.2%
4.4%
4.1%
3.8% 4%
3.3%
3.3%
2.1%
2.2%
1.7% 2%
1.5%
0.9%
1.2% 0%
-0.9%
-2%
-1.8%
-4%
Source: US Census Bureau, Public Use Microdata Samples (Based on the 1990 and 2000 Census’)

8. Number Changes in Educational Attainment from 2000 to 2020 as a Result of the Projected Changes in Race/Ethnicity (25 to 64 Year Olds)
7,378,402
4,834,077
3,656,845
1,096,163
2,368,743
1,382,160
2,000,000
4,000,000
6,000,000
8,000,000
Less than High School
High School
Some College
Associates
Bachelor’s
Graduate/Professional
Source: NCHEMS, As America Becomes More Diverse: The Impact of State Higher Education Inequality

9. Difference Between Whites and the Next Largest Racial/Ethnic Groups in the Percentage of Adults 25 to 64 with a Bachelor’s Degree or Higher (2000)
Colorado
California
Connecticut
New Mexico
New Jersey
Massachusetts
New York
Alaska
Texas
Rhode Island
Arizona
Kansas
Nebraska
Washington
Utah
Virginia
Montana
North Dakota
Oregon
Vermont
Idaho
South Dakota
Illinois
Maryland
South Carolina
Nevada
Wisconsin
United States
Delaware
Pennsylvania
Georgia
Wyoming
North Carolina
Minnesota
Louisiana
Iowa
Missouri
Michigan
Ohio
Alabama
Mississippi
Hawaii
Indiana
Oklahoma
Florida
Tennessee
Arkansas
Kentucky
New Hampshire
West Virginia
Maine
28.8
28.6
26.4
24.7
24.2
23.7
23.4
23.1
21.9
21.6
20.5
20.3
19.7
19.4
18.6
18.5
17.9
17.5
17.4
17.1
16.9
15.6
15.5
14.8
14.6
14.2
13.7
13.5
13.4
13.2
12.5
12.3
12.2
12.0
11.4
11.2
11.0
10.9
10.2
9.2
9.1
8.5
8.4
8.3
7.9
7.0
4.7
4.0 10 20 30
Source: U.S. Census Bureau’s Public Use Microdata Samples, Based on 2000 Census

10. Counties in which 90% of the Total Hispanic/Latino Population Reside and Institutions which Serve 90% of Hispanic/Latino Undergraduates
Hispanic/Latino undergraduate
enrollment by sector:
36.8% 4-Year
63.2% 2-Year
90% of Hispanic/Latino Population
Institutions serving 90% of Hispanic/Latino undergraduates, Fall 2002.
Note: One dot may represent multiple institutions within a county.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2000 Census.
NCES, IPEDS Fall 2002 Enrollments.

11. Counties in which 90% of the Total African-American Population Reside and Institutions which Serve 90% of African-American Undergraduates
African-American undergraduate
enrollment by sector:
50.8% 4-Year
49.2% 2-Year
90% of African-American Population
Institutions serving 90% of African-American undergraduates, Fall 2002.
Note: One dot may represent multiple institutions within a county.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2000 Census.
NCES, IPEDS Fall 2002 Enrollments.

12. Changing Demographics
Emerging Policy Triangle—Education, the Workforce, and Economic Development
Education
Economic Development
Workforce Demand
Changing Demographics

13. Examples of Measures Economic Strength – 2007 State New Economy Index
Degree Production – Undergraduate Degrees Awarded per 1,000 Residents Ages 25 to 44 with a High School Diploma but No College
Workforce Demand – Projected Percent Change in Occupations Requiring at Least Some Postsecondary Education
Changing Demographics – Change in Ratio of Minorities (Hispanic, African-American, Native American) to Whites from 2000 to 2020

14. Standardizing for Illustrative Purposes
Z Scores
> 0 – Challenge/Weakness Compared to Other States
< 0 – Strength/Less of a Challenge Compared to Other States

15. Need for Policy Attention Relative to Other States
Texas 2
1.5 1
0.5
Creating a New
Economy
Degree Production
Workforce
Changing
Demand
Demographics
-0.5 -1

16. Need for Policy Attention Relative to Other States
Iowa 1
0.5
Workforce
Changing
Degree Production
Demand
Demographics
Creating a New
Economy
-0.5 -1
-1.5 -2

17. Need for Policy Attention Relative to Other States
Kentucky
1.5 1
0.5
Changing
Demographics
Creating a New
Degree Production
Workforce
Economy
Demand
-0.5 -1

18. Need for Policy Attention Relative to Other States
Rhode Island
0.5
Creating a New
Workforce
Economy
Degree Production
Demand
Changing
Demographics
-0.5 -1
-1.5 -2
-2.5

19. Need for Policy Attention Relative to Other States
New Mexico 5 4 3 2 1
Creating a New
Degree Production
Workforce
Changing
Economy
Demand
Demographics

20. Texas Student Pipeline by Race/Ethnicity– Transition Rates from 7th Grade to College Completion
Of 100 7th Graders, How Many…
84.5
64.9
53.3
19.0
79.8
50.4
35.4
7.4
79.5
50.2
34.7
6.8 20 40 60 80
100
Enrolled in 9th Grade (1994)
Graduated High School
( )
Enrolled in College Anytime
After Graduation
Completed a Higher
Education Degree or
Certificate by 2003
White
Hispanic/Latino
African-American
Source: Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board

21. Challenges for Closing Race/Ethnic Gap
Equity Argument Doesn’t Stand Well On Its Own – Must Link to Workforce and Economic Development
Most States (policymakers and researchers within them) Still Don’t Do a Very Good Job Making the Case with Sound Data and Information
Rising Costs – Well-Targeted Financial Aid
Accountability

22. Development Report Card for the States, 2007—Arizona
Employment A
Earnings and Job Quality D
Equity D
Quality of Life D
Resource Efficiency B
Competitiveness/Existing Businesses F
Entrepreneurial Energy A
Human Resources D
Financial Resources D
Infrastructure Resources B
Amenity Resources and Natural Capital D
Innovation Assets C
Performance
Business Vitality
Development Capacity C D
WEAKNESSES (Bottom 10 Rank)
Rank Measure
41 Basic Educational Skills Proficiency - Math
41 Affordable Urban Housing
41 Change in High School Attainment
42 Income Distribution
43 Voting Rate
43 Basic Educational Skills Proficiency - Reading
44 Employer-Provided Health Insurance
44 Working Poor
46 Loans to Small Businesses
47 Teen Pregnancy
47 Strength of Traded Sector
47 Uninsured Low-Income Children
47 Toxic Release Inventory
48 Business Closings
48 K-12 Education Expenditures
48 Change in Private Research and Development
49 Manufacturing Investment
49 Change in Business Closings
50 Crime Rate
50 High School Completion
1 Bridge Deficiency
2 Employment Growth: Long Term
2 Change in New Companies
2 Net Migration
3 Royalties and Licenses
3 Change in Toxic Release Inventory
5 Job Creation by Start-Up Businesses
6 Employment Growth: Short Term
7 Initial Public Offerings
7 Per Capita Energy Consumption
8 Five Year Change in New Companies
9 Change in Energy Costs
10 Change in Homeownership Rate
STRENGTHS (Top 10 Rank)
Rank Measure
Source: Development Report Card for the States, CFED

23. Development Report Card for the States, 2007—Iowa
STRENGTHS (Top 10 Rank)
Rank Measure
1 Air Pollution
2 Income Distribution
4 Involuntary Part-Time Employment
5 High School Completion
5 Affordable Urban Housing
5 Business Closings
6 Rate of Recycled Waste
8 Voting Rate
9 Employer-Provided Health Insurance
9 Income Distribution Change
9 Working Poor
10 Royalties and Licenses
10 Academic Research and Development
Employment D
Earnings and Job Quality A
Equity A
Quality of Life A
Resource Efficiency C
Competitiveness/Existing Businesses C
Entrepreneurial Energy F
Human Resources C
Financial Resources F
Infrastructure Resources D
Amenity Resources and Natural Capital A
Innovation Assets C
Performance
Business Vitality
Development Capacity B D C
41 SBIC Financing
43 Change in Unemployment Rate
43 Change in Uninsured Low-Income Children
44 Manufacturing Investment
45 Change in Poverty Rate
45 Venture Capital Investments
47 SBIR Grants
48 Change in Homeownership Rate
49 Employment Growth: Long Term
50 New Companies
WEAKNESSES (Bottom 10 Rank)
Rank Measure
Source: Development Report Card for the States, Corporation for Enterprise Development (CFED)