1. Ningbo
Its Past and Present

2. General Introduction Geographical conditions Districts & Popularity
Climate Conditions

3. Geographical conditions
Ningbo, called Yong for short, is located midway on the eastern coast of China and in the South of the Yangtze River Delta with Zhoushan Archipelago as its natural shelter in the east, bordering on Hangzhou Bay in the north, neighboring on the city of Shaoxing in the west, facing Sanmen Bay in the South, and adjacent to the county of Taizhou.

6. Districts & Popularity
Under Ningbo’s jurisdiction, there are six urban districts of Haishu, Jiangdong, Jiangbei, Zhenhai, Beilun and Yinzhou, three county-level cities of Yuyao, Cixi and Fenghua, and two counties of Xiangshan and Ninghai.
Ningbo covers a total area of 9,672 km2, with a population of million. And the urban districts cover 2,634 km2, with million people.

7. Climate Conditions 1
Ningbo offers a subtropical monsoon climate, featuring mild temperatures, moderate humidity and distinct seasons. The annual average temperature is 16.2°C, with hottest month, July(28.8°C in average) and the coldest one, January(4°C in average).
No-frost season lasts days a year. The annual average precipitation is around 1,400mm, of which the precipitation in the months from May to September accounts for 60%. 2 3 4
1. Qing Bridge Lake Yue
3. Dongqian Lake Tiantong Temple

8. Ningbo: History Historic Evolution scholars
Conservation of historic environment

9. Historic Evolution
Ningbo has enjoyed a history of over 7,000 years. The Neolithic Hemudu Culture Ruins convince the world that Ningbo is one of the birthplaces of rice planting on the earth.

10. Ningbo was called “Yin” in the Xia Dynasty (before 2000 B. C
Ningbo was called “Yin”  in the Xia Dynasty (before 2000 B.C.), within the boundary of the state of Yue during the Spring and Autumn Period ( B.C.), including three counties of Yin, Mao and Gouzhang under the jurisdiction of Kuaiji Prefecture in the Qin Dynasty ( B.C.), and called Mingzhou in the Tang Dynasty ( A.D.). In the year of 821, the prefecture seat of Mingzhou was moved to the “three-river-junction”and set up the inner city, which marked the foundation of the city. In the year of 1381, the city got the present name--Ningbo, which means “calm wave”.
Yin, Mao and Gouzhang
Kuaiji
Qin Dynasty ( B.C.)
Xia Dynasty (before 2000 B.C.)
Yin
Mingzhou
Tang Dynasty ( A.D.)
Spring and Autumn Period B.C.),
Yue
In 1381 (Ming Dynasty)
Ningbo

11. Wang Yang-ming ( )
Chinese scholar and official whose idealistic interpretation of Neo-Confucianism influenced philosophical thinking in East Asia for centuries.
The son of a high government official, he was both a secretary to the Ministry of War and a lecturer on Confucianism by 1505.
He concluded that investigation of the principles of things should occur within the mind rather than through actual objects and that knowledge and action are codependent. His philosophy spread across China for 150 years and greatly influenced Japanese thought during that time. From 1584 he was offered sacrifice in the Confucian temple under the title Wencheng (“Completion of Culture”).

12. Chu Shun-shui ( )
Noted Chinese patriot who fled China after the destruction of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644). Arriving in Japan, he became one of the primary compilers of the Dai Nihon shi (“History of Great Japan”), a comprehensive rewriting of Japanese history, which served to reawaken nationalistic feelings as well as to develop a sense of loyalty to the emperor.
Chu's unswerving loyalty to the Ming dynasty provided a model for Chinese students in Japan who, late in the 19th century, returned home to lead the struggle that overthrew the Ch'ing dynasty in the Chinese Revolution of 1911–12.

13. Huang Tsung-hsi ( )
One of the foremost Chinese scholars and reformers in the early Ch'ing period whose major contribution was a critique of the excessive authoritarianism of the Chinese political system. Study of his works was revived by Chinese reformers around the beginning of the 20th century.

14. The city of Ningbo began evolving sometime before 770 BC and contains many cultural properties from the Tang, Song, Ming, and Qing Dynasties, which give it important cultural and historic value.
Conserving a city's historic environment enhances the city and the quality of life for residents by preserving cultural traditions, protecting areas of architectural and natural beauty and generating positive identity and civic pride.

15. Where possible, the team suggested the realignment of planned roads to prevent unnecessary destruction of buildings or the excessive intrusion of traffic into the historic areas.
Xiantong Tower (Tang Dynasty 863A.D.)

16. (first built in Tang Dynasty 858A.D.)
To lessen the impact of large roads on the historic areas, landscaping and pedestrian routes were designed as buffer zones between the busy streets and historic properties.
Seven- Pagoda Temple
(first built in Tang Dynasty 858A.D.)

17. Ningbo: Today Port Fashion Overseas Ningbonese
Places of interest and cultural heritage

18. Ningbo Port
In 738 AD, Ningbo Port was put into use formally. In the Tang Dynasty ( ), it was known as one of the three major seaports for foreign trade, along with Yangzhou and Guangzhou.
In the Song Dynasty, it became one of the three major port cities for foreign trade together with Guangzhou and Quanzhou. It was declared as one of the "Five Treaty Ports" after the Opium War.

19. Ningbo Port is well situated at the middle of the coastline of Mainland China, just at the T-shaped joining point of north-south shipping line and the golden waterway of the Yangtze River. It is a modern port composed of Beilun (seaport), Zhenhai (estuary port) and old Ningbo harbor (inland river port) areas, with comprehensive functions and multi-level berths.
The business scope of Ningbo Port includes imported iron ore, container, crude and finished oil, liquid chemical products, coal and the loading and unloading, storage and transhipment of other bulk goods.

20. Ningbo Port is not only a deep-water port famous all over the country, but also one of the few ports with a cargo throughput of more than 100 million tons in the world. The shallowest section of the entry channel is more than 18.2 meters deep, enough for vessels of less than 250,000 tonnages to enter freely. Huge ships of 250,000 to 300,000 tonnages can also navigate at tide. It is free from big waves and strong winds, so there are more than 350 workable days in a year.
Ningbo Port is an ideal place for developing ocean-going transport to North and South America and Oceania. Up to now it has built trade and transport relations with over 560 ports of more than 90 countries and regions in the world.

21. Ningbo International Fashion Festival
Ningbo was the port of departure of "the silk road in the sea" in the ancient China and the birthplace of the garment industry in the modern China.
Ningbo tailors made the first Chinese tunic suit and the first western-style suit, managed the first Western-style suit tore, and wrote the first book on making Western-style suits in China. What's more, Ningbonese in China founded the first garment school.
The above five "first" in China fully prove the place and function of the city in the history of clothing development of China. At present, More than 1,800 garment factories in Ningbo produce over 1.4 billion suits annually, accounting for 12% of the country's total. A batch of nationally famous brands as "Firs", "Younger", "Romon" have been formed.

22. Ten years since 1997, Ningbo International Fashion Festival has widely known as a famous name card of the city of Ningbo. China International Fashion Trading Fair (originally Ningbo International Fashion Fair), as the main activity of the fashion festival, makes its debut with a scale of 450 booths, being one of the top five largest professional fashion fairs in China.
The 10th International Fashion Ningbo had be held on October 22nd-24th, 2006.

24. The 9th fair last year has witnessed more exhibitors and buyers out of attaching equal importance to the trade and exhibiting, domestic and international markets. The 9th fair set up 2,200 booths, of which exhibitors from other provinces and overseas account for half of the total number. Exhibitors from 16 countries and regions presented in the fair. In the 3 days, the fair has witnessed 38,000 professional buyers, among which 3,500 were from overseas.

26. Overseas Ningbonese
Ningbo is home to many overseas Chinese. Over 300,000 people of Ningbo origin and their offspring reside in 64 overseas countries and regions. Many of them are industrial and commercial tycoons, renowned scientists, leaders of mass organizations, heads of communities and noted public figures. They cherish deep love for their hometown and continue to provide an important bridge between Ningbo and the countries where they have settled.

27. Since Deng Xiaoping issued the indirection of mobilizing the overseas Ningbonese all over the world to construct Ningbo, they have donated over 1 billion Yuan RMB to initiate over 2,200 projects in their hometown. There are now 66 overseas Ningbonese have been awarded the title of "Honorable Citizen of Ningbo City". All the overseas Ningbonese serve as bridges and ties between Ningbo and the world.
Pao Yue-Kong & Deng Xiaoping

28. Ningbo University is a comprehensive university with a wide range of disciplines: economics, law, education, liberal arts, history, science, engineering, agronomy, medicine and management.
Throughout its establishment and development, the University has been upheld by considerable donations and generous support from patriotic overseas Chinese such as Sir Yue-kong Pao, Sir Run-run Shaw, Sir Yue-shu Pao, Sir Cao Guangbiao, Sir Li Dashan, Sir Zhu Xiushan, as well as from personages of various circles in the country.
Sir Run-run Shaw
Sir Yue-shu Pao

29. Sir Cao Guangbiao
Sir Li Dashan
Sir Zhu Xiushan

30. Places of interest and cultural heritage
In suburb
Baoguo Temple
The Neolithic Hemudu Cultural Ruins
Xikou and Mr. Chiang Kaishek’s Former Residence
Remains of Zhenhai Coastal Defense
Places of interest and cultural heritage
In urban area
Tianyi Pavilion Library
Qing’an Guild Hall
Lake Yue

31. Tianyi Pavilion Library
The library is the oldest existing private library of China and Asia, and one of the world's three oldest libraries kept by a family. It was built about during
Tianyi Pavilion was named after a sentence from Yi Jing, meaning that fire can be controlled here in hopes of preserving the library forever.
In 1772, following the construction and managing system of TianYi Pavilion, the government of the Qing Dynasty built seven other pavilions such as Wenyuan and Wenlan to preserve Si Ku Quan Shu. Now over 300,000 volumes of books including 80,000 volumes of rare books are preserved in the pavilion.    

32. Gate
The East Garden
Bai E Pavilion
Ning Hui Hall

33. Qing’an Guild Hall
Also named Tianhou Palace of East Yong, it is situates at the east bank of the “three-river-junction”, covering an area of 5,000 m2 .
Originally the trade guildhall for the merchant service from Ningbo port to the coastal provinces, and the palace to offer sacrifices to "the Heavenly Queen Buddha", but nowadays the Ningbo Marine Folks Museum and the Mazu Culture Exhibition Hall.
It is one of seven main guild halls in the country, with the reputation of “ the first guild hall south of the Yangtze River”

34. Lake Yue
Dating from the 7th century, is an urban oasis in the center of the old city. During the course of the project, the conservation zone surrounding the lake became a symbol of changing attitudes toward conservation in Ningbo.

35. Baoguo Temple
Baoguo Temple is a thousand-year-old renowned temple and one of the first cultural relic sites designated to be specially preserved in China.
Baoguo Temple has a long history. As historical records go, it was originally built in the East Han Dynasty (25-220), but destroyed later. It was not until the year 880 that the temple was reconstructed. The present palce was rebuilt in 1013.

36. The most magnificent building in the temple is the Grand Hall, known as the "Beamless Hall". It is one of the oldest and best-preserved wooden structures in South Yangtze region of China, invaluable to the nation's architectural studies.

37. The Neolithic Hemudu Cultural Ruins
The Neolithic Hemudu Cultural Ruins is situated in Yuyao, 20 km2 away from Ningbo downtown. It is one of the most important cultural relics of the Neolithic Age in China, which convince that the Yangtze River Valley was not only the birthplace of Chinese culture, but also the earliest place to plant rice on the earth. The ruins cover a total area of 4,000 km2. Over 7000 relics ranging from bones, stones, wood, pottery, rice and wooden building, etc,  have been unearthed, which provides rich data for research into agriculture, textile, art and the origin of the Eastern Civilization.

38. Paddy Agriculture
Pile - dwellings
Boat - oaring
Worshipping the Birds and Sun

39. Xi Kou
Early in the Han Dynasty, Xi Kou scenic spot enjoyed a high reputation of being a fairyland on the sea. Xue Dou Mountain, standing above a chain of connected mountains and covered with verdant old pine trees and flickering green bamboo, is a famous summer resort of natural beauty. In addition, it is also renowned home and abroad for being the hometown of Chiang Kai-shek.

40. Mr. Chiang Kaishek’s Former Residence
Mr. Chiang Kaishek’s Former Residence, consists of the Fenggao House, the Yutai Salt Shop and th e Western-style House, is located in Xikou, Fenghua. It is not only an important historic building in modern China, but also historical data for studying Mr. Chiang Kaishek and Mr. Chiang Jingguo--his son, and other relating historical events.

41. Remains of Zhenhai Coastal Defense
Remains of Zhenhai Coastal Defense locate at the shore of the East Sea and the entrance of the Yongjiang River. It is the most important military fort of coastal defense and forward position of resisting the outside aggressors.

42. Life in Ningbo
Shopping
Food

43. Chenghuang Temple
In 1347 Emperor Zhu Yuan Zhang (Ming Dynasty) gave orders to construct Chenghuang Temple at the Prefecture of Ningbo with a view to bring peace to people for the prosperity of the country. The whole construction area is 4,700 square meters and it is one of the biggest Chenghuang temples in China.
Tianfeng Tower can be seen in the background

44. The temple has become a shopping center of both dining and touring in the downtown area. Ningbo Chenghuang Temple is popularly called Old Chenghuang Temple.
A crowded Saturday afternoon

45. Tianyi Square
The Tianyi Square, also known as Tianyi Business District, is situated downtown Ningbo in the business center between Rixin Street, Kaiming Street, Zhongshan Road and Yaohang Street. Covering a total area of square meters.
It is Ningbo's most fashionable shopping district; half the shops are boutiques, half restaurants, coffee bars and entertainment centres. The seafood restaurants provide great tasting dishes, but the standard of the Western restaurants is not perfect. Whilst, amid the fountains, 12 tasteful small bookshops encourage a Parisian Left-Bank feel.

47. Food style
Featured seafood as the main dishes, Ningbo food integrates Chinese and Western style, north and south flavor together, which has got a very good reputation. The restaurants and hotels of Ningbo style, scattering in Beijing, Shanghai, Nanjing, Hangzhou, and other cities as well, have attracted a good many customers.　　

48. Famous Snacks Ningbo Dumpliing with Leaf Fat Filling
Tangtuan (called "tangtuan" in Chinese) is made of glutinous rice flour wrapping, leaf fat, sugar and black sesame. The skin is thin, smooth, white and shiny. Not all visitors to Ningbo have the luck in enjoying the Top Ten Ningbo Dishes. However, one thing that any visitor can not miss is the Ningbo stuffed lard and sesame dumpling, just like one who goes to Beijing must go to the Great Wall.

49. In Ningbo, as in all China, sweet dumpling is a symbol of family reunion and happiness and in Ningbo it is a local custom for all family members to have dumplings on the morning of the first day of the lunar year. Dumplings are very popular in the city; however, to enjoy the most delicious, one has to go to Gang Ya Gou Sweetfood Beaufet, as saying goes: "Home-made dumplings are common things, but nothing is better than the dumplings in Gang Ya Gou."

50. Crystal Leaf Fat Bun
This steamed dessert is made of dough and filled with a mixture of leaf lard, nuts, melon seeds, and sugar. The most delicious crystal leaf fat bun can be found in Zhao Dayou(赵大有) Snacks Restaurant in Ningbo.

51. Dragon and Phoenix Golden Cake
Dragon and Phoenix Golden Cake is one of the top ten Ningbo local snacks, and particularly well-known in East Zhejiang. The most famous cake is prepared by Zhao Dayou Restaurant, a well-known restaurant in Ningbo for its Ningbo local snacks and cakes.

52. The history of the snack is dated to the South Song Dynasty ( ). As legend goes, when the Jin invaders seized the capital of the South Song Linan (the present Hangzhou), Zhao Gou the emperor fled to Mingzhou (present Ningbo) and there a village girl saved his life and served him food including a cake. When Zhao Gou recaptured the capital, he repaid his savor by naming the cake he ate in his refugee "Dragon and Phoenix Golden Cake"and from then on the cake has become a snack that must served at weddings, symbolizing happiness of married life. Golden in color and with pattern of a dragon and phoenix, the cake is made of polished glutinous rice, with fillings of processed beans, sugar, orange peel, osmanthus flowers, and so on.

53. Eight-Treasure Rice
Pudding  Ningbo Eight-treasure Rice Pudding is steamed glutinous rice with bean paste, lotus seeds, preserved fruit, longan pulp, sugar, leaf fat, etc. Sweet and tasty, the pudding is a perfect health-care food.

54. Small Steamed Bun with Pork Filling  The bun is prepared with wheat flour sheet and filled with pork stuff and seasonings. It is better served with vinegar.

55. Steamed Wonton and Wonton Soup Wonton is a very popular snack in China, but Ningbo Wonton is well-known for its long history and special local flavor. Ningbo Wonton has two types: steamed Wonton and Wonton soup. In the past, it was common to see lots of Wonton peddlers, who carried on their shoulders a kitchenette and material for Wonton, hawking all the way in the streets.

56. The End