1. Urinary System
Kidney Filtration Lab

2. Bellwork 4/10 Pick up your Review NOTES for today
Turn in your KIDNEY DISSECTION LAB

3. Announcements Diet Project – WORTH A TEST GRADE!!!!
URINARY SYSTEM TEST – Wednesday
QUIZ on NEPHRON and FILTRATION – TUESDAY!
URINARY PACKET due tomorrow!

4. Functions of the Urinary System
Removes certain salts & nitrogenous waste
Maintains the normal concentrations of water and electrolytes within body fluids
Regulates the pH & volume of body fluids
Helps control red blood cell production & blood pressure

5. Kidneys
Primary role: regulate the composition, volume, & the pH of the extracellular fluid
Secreting the hormone erythropoietin (helps control the rate of RBC production)
Activation of vitamin D
Secreting Renin (enzyme): helps maintain blood volume & pressure

6. 3 processes that create urine
Glomerular filtration: filtration of plasma that produces about 180 liters (45 gallons) of fluid a day
Tubular reabsorption: moves the fluid back to the blood
Tubular secretion: moves substances from blood into renal tubule

7. Filtration Pressure/Rate
Hydrostatic Pressure: Pressure/force from fluids
Osmotic Pressure: Concentration of particles affect pressure
Filtration Rate is directly proportional to Filtration Pressure

8. Regulation of Filtration
Usually remains constant unless body is stressed
When blood volume/pressure drops arteries constrict to conserve fluid
When blood volume/pressure increases arteries dilate to get rid of excess fluid
Hormones (aldosterone & ADH) help control volume & concentration (stimulates osmosis)

9. Kidney Filtering

10. Urine Composition/Amounts produced
About 95% water & is sterile
Usually produce liters per day
Depends on fluid intake, environmental temperature, relative humidity, emotional condition, respiratory rate, & body temp.
Output: milliliters per hour is normal
Less than 30 mL per hour MAY indicate kidney failure

11. Urine elimination
Ureters are about 25 cm long & connect the kidneys to the bladder
Urine is propelled by peristalic waves
A flap like fold of mucous membrane acts as a valve and prevents urine from backing up into the ureters after reaching the bladder

12. Bladder & Micturition Wall of the bladder has 4 layers
Bladder can hold up to 600 mL before pain receptors are stimulated
Urge to urinate begins around 150 mL
300 mL intensifies the sensation of fullness
There are an external & internal urethral sphincter that control micturition or urination

13. Common Urinary System Problems

14. Kidney Stones
Causes: infection of the kidney, diets high in protein, uric acid and inadequate water intake.
Symptoms: Headache, pain in the abdomen and groin, extreme pain when passing
Treatments: pass the stone, shockwave treatment

16. Kidney Stone surgery

17. UTI/ Bladder infection
Causes: bacteria from the skin move into the urethra and into the bladder
Symptoms: burning urination, constant urge to urinate, blood in urine, aching in lower back
Treatments: antibiotics
This can turn into a kidney infection if not treated properly & the person will run a fever

18. Test Information
Glomerulus, Incontinence, Micturation, nephrons, urochrome, UTI (urinary tract infection)
Functions of the kidneys/ how much they can filter in a day
Organs of the urinary system & their functions
Nephron location and amount in a kidney
Steps of Filtration
Properties & composition of urine under healthy conditions/ output per day
Why bladder can expand and amounts it holds
How much water accts for weight in a female
Proper blood pH
Worksheet help #7,11,16, 17, 18, (MC): 7, 10, 12,14