1. Chapter 18: Constitutional Monarchy vs. Absolute Monarchy
Political Thought!

2. Constitutional and Absolute Monarchy
Any ideas??
What is a Constitutional Monarchy?
 form of government in which a monarch (king or queen) acts as head of state within the parameters of a constitution. Monarch is the head but a freely elected parliament votes on and creates laws.
What is an Absolute Monarchy?
Government system in which one ruler holds total power. In the 1600s in Europe, absolutism was tied to the idea of “divine right” – monarchs received their power from God…king or queen made laws, levied taxes, administered justice, controlled officials, determined foreign policy, etc

3. Thomas Hobbes vs. John Locke
Read the biography and primary source handouts and answer the related questions on the sheets.
If you need extra assistance in answering the questions, you can use p. 348 in your textbook, too.

4. Thomas Hobbes Wrote the Leviathan
• Human life is “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short.”
• Before society was organized, humans were guided by struggle for self-preservation.
• The state is needed to keep people from destroying each other.
• An absolute ruler is needed to preserve the social order.
Absolute rule = “I am the state.”

5. John Locke Wrote Two Treatises of Government
Before forming societies, humans lived in a condition of equality and freedom.
All humans have natural rights, including life, liberty, and property.
The agreement between people and government involves mutual responsibilities; absolute rule by one person is to be avoided.
People have the right to alter or remove a government that betrays their rights.
Constitutional rights!

6. Constitutional and Absolute Monarchy Review
Any ideas??
What is a Constitutional Monarchy?
 form of government in which a monarch (king or queen) acts as head of state within the parameters of a constitution. Monarch is the head but a freely elected parliament votes on and creates laws.
What is an Absolute Monarchy?
Government system in which one ruler holds total power. In the 1600s in Europe, absolutism was tied to the idea of “divine right” – monarchs received their power from God…king or queen made laws, levied taxes, administered justice, controlled officials, determined foreign policy, etc
What type of government did Thomas Hobbes support? What type of government did John Locke support?

7. Example of Constitutional Monarchy: English Bill of Rights
Written in…
1689
Written by…
England’s Parliament
Purpose…
To set up a new way of governing after the removal of James II and to limit the power of the king/queen
Main points…
Parliament has supreme authority (king must obey the decisions of Parliament)
Cruel and unusual punishments were banned
Elections of Parliament members should be free
People have the right to a trial by jury
Read and use “A Glorious Revolution” on page 347 in your textbook to fill in the chart on your worksheet about the English Bill of Rights

8. Look over Chapter 18, Lesson 3 on pages 349 – 353
Examples of Absolute Monarchy: Louis XIV, Frederick William, Peter the Great
Look over Chapter 18, Lesson 3 on pages 349 – 353
List things that Kings Louis XIV, Frederick William, and Peter the Great did that showcase absolutism (or – what were some of their significant feats / accomplishments as rulers?)

9. Conclusion:
What might be some advantages and disadvantages to constitutional monarchies and absolute monarchies?