1. Question…. What is a treaty?
The Treaty of Utrecht 1713
Question….
What is a treaty?
A formal conclusion/agreement between countries – after a war (who gets what, who pays what, who loses what).

2. Utrecht is in the Netherlands
Utrecht is in the Netherlands. Why would a treaty taking place across the ocean effect Canada and the people who were living here in the 1700s?

3. The Treaty of Utrecht ended the War of Spanish Succession.
Although this war was between European countries the results of the treaty would be critical in outlining the next hundred years for our country.
As a result of the treaty all of the land in North America was divided between the French and the English.

4. In North America the treaty was a severe setback for France.
France agreed to give up all of it's claims to the areas around the Hudson Bay, Newfoundland, and Acadia. The treaty did allow France to keep certain fishing rights in Newfoundland and the exact extent of the Hudson Bay lands were not defined.
Although both England and France were agreeable to peace, the outstanding issues would lead to hostilities.
The French immediately began construction of the fortress of Louisbourg on Cape Breton Island as protection for its St Lawrence River empire.

5. Green = British Orange = French Striped = Disputed land
List three differences that you see between the two maps (before and after the Treaty of Utrecht).

6. Based on your observations of the map, what kind of struggles do the French now have in Canada?
Surrounded by British, getting fur trade, spending time and money defending itself from Britain.

7. Read page 47 of the handout and answer the following questions:
Why did the French need help from the First Nations people in regard to trade?
2. Explain why First Nation canoes were particularly useful (three reasons).
3. Explain the difference between the two types of snowshoes that the French were taught about.
4. Why were dog sleds important to the French fur traders?
5. What did all of this help from the First Nations people lead to, for the French fur traders?
Link to textbook handout:

8. Now read page 48 of the handout and answer the following questions:
6. Create a table of pro’s and con’s reasons toward wearing fur. 7. What is your opinion toward wearing fur?
YOU COULD DO THE extension question as a whole lesson – where they make thank you cards to First Nations with pictures of canoes, snow shoes etc. That could be a little assessment piece – how well do they explain how they were helped and the impact.

9. Assessment: Thank you notes!
You are going to pretend you are a French fur trader in the 1700s. Create a thank you note for the First Nations group that have helped you with your understanding of life in Canada and how to efficiently increase your trade.
Explain in the card how the First Nations people have helped you (canoes, snow shoes etc) and why it has been so important to your trading life.
You should include pictures that demonstrate how you have been assisted!