1. Thermal
Energy

3. Breaking down the standard.
Page 12 of ISN

5. Differentiate between conduction, convection, and radiation.
GOALS
Explain common examples, such as ice in a soda, to show the direction of energy flow.
Explain molecular motion as it relates to thermal energy changes in terms of conduction, convection, and radiation.
Differentiate between conduction, convection, and radiation.
Determine the heat capacity of a substance using mass, specific heat, and temperature.

6. Temperature and Heat
Temperature is the measurement of the avg. KE of the molecules in a material.
Heat is the transfer of KE from one material to another.
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7. Specific Heat
The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of a material (substance).
It takes different amts of energy to make the same temp change in different substances.
We call the amt required: Specific Heat!

8. Specific Heat Adding Energy to a material Causes the
Temperature to go up.
Taking energy away from a substance causes the temperature to go down.

9. Specific Heat of water
The Cp is high because H2O mols. form strong bonds w/each other.
It takes a lot of energy to break the bonds so that the the molecules can then start to move around faster (HEAT UP).

10. Have you ever noticed that on a hot summer day the pool is cooler than the hot cement?
OR maybe that the ocean is cooler than the hot sand?
Why? The sun has been beating down on both of them for the same amount of time
It takes more thermal energy to raise the temperature of water that it does the cement!

11. Example: Specific Heat of Water
Cp = 4,184 Joules of energy to raise the temperature of 1kg 1°C.
video clip
Why Cp?
Cp Stands for “Heat Capacity”

12. Water absorbs a lot of heat energy before its temperature changes while sand needs little heat energy before its temperature increases.

15. Heat flows
from WARMER to
COLDER!

17. Day 2
Let’s make a poster!

20. Day 3
Let’s make a foldable!

22. Page 13

23. Conduction The transfer of thermal energy in solids.
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The transfer of thermal energy in solids.
Materials must be in direct contact with each other!
Ex: Heating of the
bottom of a pot on stove.

25. Convection Transfer of thermal energy in liquids and gases.
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Transfer of thermal energy in liquids and gases.
The matter actually moves from one place to another.

27. Radiation
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Transfer of thermal energy by electromagnetic waves (we’ll discuses these more later)
Transferring energy through space...NO MATTER IS REQUIRED!

29. Make a envelope and sort cards
You do:
Make a envelope and sort cards

31. Cut out and place in proper pocket

32. Each picture needs
A written explanation of why you placed it in the pocket you placed it in.

34. Day 4
Bell ringer

35. Day 4
Part 1 of
Save the penguins!

36. Engineers, what is wrong here?
Photo credit:

37. There are penguins all over the world, not just in Antarctica.
The red dots indicate where penguins live.
There are penguins all over the southern hemisphere.
Even in South Africa…

38. Boulders Beach is on the coast of South Africa.
Photo credit:
Video on Boulder’s Beach penguins (optional):
Here, the Boulders Beach penguins live. As the climate across the globe
changes, these penguins are getting hot. To keep from overheating, they
cool off in the water. But this survival technique has not worked in
their favor…

39. Boulders Beach Penguins
So the park rangers have built the penguins little houses to protect their eggs AND to help keep them cooler.
The sea gulls are stealing their eggs!
This is helping them survive!

40. Climate change is causing penguins in Antarctica to become endangered by eliminating available habitats
Photo credit:

41. Photo credit:

42. How bad is climate change? Are we to blame?
Link for this video:
Extra videos (to show while penguin ice cubes are melting)
Penguins and global warming:
Penguins are melting:
BBC Link (Innocent Victims):
Penguin in a Pickle:

43. But how can we help? What can we do at home to help the penguins?
For starters, we can conserve energy so we don’t use as many fossil fuels in power plants!
Photo credit:

44. How can we conserve energy at home?
What do you think the arrows represent?
Convection
Where is the heat going?
Radiation
What time of year do you think this is?
Conduction

45. What about in the summer?
Convection
In the summer, it’s HOT! Heat transfers into our houses!
Radiation
Now where is the heat going?
Conduction

46. We need to slow down heat transfer.
Keep heat out in the summer… Keep heat inside in the winter… Use less energy to heat and cool our homes.
In other words, we need to stop the
from happening!
Radiation
Conduction
Convection

47. Conserving energy is the key to help…
Save
the
Penguins
Photo credit:

48. You do:
Create a storyboard while doing a rotation of 3 stations. There are directions at each station.

49. Station 1: Conduction 2. “Which spoon feels colder?”
1. Pass around a metal and plastic spoon to each group of students.
2. “Which spoon feels colder?”
3. Explain the concept of specific heat.
4. If both spoons are at the same temperature, what happened that made you think one was colder? Which spoon do you think will work the best at keeping an ice cube cold?
5. Get 2 penguins.
6. Place one in each spoon and take turns holding the spoons in your hands for three minutes.
7. Leave the materials at the station and return to your seats.
8. Creating a drawing of the spoons with arrows showing the direction of heat transfer in a storyboard.

50. Station 2: Convection
1. Fill the large container ¾ full with cold water.
2. Place several drops of food coloring in the small container and fill it with hot water. It should be a dark color.
3. Cover the top of the small container with plastic wrap. Use a rubber band to hold it in place.
4. Carefully lower the small container into the large container.
5. Use a pencil to make a hole in the plastic wrap.
6. Observe what happens.
7. Draw what you see happening on your storyboard.

51. Station 3: Radiation 1. Place 3 penguin ice cubes under a heat lamp.
2. Cover 1 with aluminum foil, 1 with a white paper towel, and 1 with black construction paper. Use the Keva planks to keep the materials off of the ice cubes.
3. Turn the heat lamp on.
4. Observe what happens.
5. Wait 3 minutes and then turn off the heat lamp.
6. Draw what happened to the 3 penguins on your storyboard.

52. Define Conduction Convection Radiation Specific heat
As part of your storyboard

53. Exit Ticket Questions 2. How does meat get heated in a frying pan?
1. Why does the sun make you feel warm?
2. How does meat get heated in a frying pan?
3. Why does the handle of a saucepan get hot when it is on the stove?
4. Why do smoke and hot air go up a chimney?
5. Why does the outside of a bowl of soup get hot?
6. Why does the roof of your car get hot in the sun?
7. On a bright sunny day, why does the pavement get hot?
8. Why do you get warm standing in front of a fireplace?
9. Why is the second floor of a house usually hotter than the first floor?
10. On a hot day would you rather have a black umbrella to keep cool or one made of a lighter color?
11. Why is black pavement hotter to walk on than concrete?
12. In a fish tank, a smaller heater in one corner keeps all the water warm. How?

55. Day 5
Part 2 of
Save the penguins!

57. Today you are going to
design and build an igloo
that will keep a
penguin-shaped
ice cube from melting.
Can you save the penguin?

58. You get 20 minutes, as a class, to experiment with the different materials under the heat lamp. You want to decide which materials performed better than others. Why do you think these materials performed better?

59. Create another box on your storyboard to list the three materials that best prevented heat transfer and the three materials that were least effective at preventing heat transfer.

60. You get $100 to spend on your design.
You get 20 minutes to build.
Then all igloos will be placed in the “sun” (heat lamp) to determine who was able to save the penguin. We will add a homeless penguin to compare against.

61. Insert all materials used and drawing of igloo into your storyboard.
Remember that everything you have done must be included In the storyboard.

62. Igloo Depot Construction materials at Igloo Depot (suggested prices)
Price at The Igloo Depot
Cotton ball
$10
Wood stick
$20
Construction paper $5
Cardboard
$40
Poster board
Bubble wrap
Aluminum foil

63. While waiting the 15 minutes before checking on the penguins,
You will be working on the summarization questions. There are 12.

64. Exit/Summarization Questions (12)
1. Could light get into the igloo and melt the penguin?
2. Can convection currents rise and fall and enter your igloo?
3. What are some ways to slow radiation? convection? conduction?
4. Did you test the material that you are using to make sure that it works?
5. How does one layer of the material compare to two layers?

65. 7. Describe three ways heat can transfer.
6. What are some rules about heat transfer?
7. Describe three ways heat can transfer.
8. If you sat on a metal bench in the wintertime, what would it feel like? Why?
9. If you sat on a plastic bench in the wintertime, would it feel different? Why?
10. Which materials were best at preventing radiation? Conduction? Convection?
11. Which combinations of materials worked best? Why?
12. What was the most interesting part of this unit to you?

66. Homework

67. Day 6
Let’s review!

69. REVIEW
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70. Move to the spot
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71. Conduction can BEST be described as the transfer of energy
By traveling through space as waves
By the movement o fluids
By the expansion of gases
By contact between particles

72. Conduction can BEST be described as the transfer of energy
By traveling through space as waves
By the movement o fluids
By the expansion of gases
By contact between particles

73. Which of the following is not a method of heat transfer?
A. Radiation
B. Insulation
C. Conduction
D. Convection

74. 2. In which of the following are the particles closest together?
A. Solid
B. Liquid
C. Gas
D. Fluid

75. 3. How does heat energy reach the Earth from the Sun?
A. Radiation
B. Conduction
C. Convection
D. Insulation

76. 4. Which is the best surface for reflecting heat radiation?
A. Shiny white
B. Dull white
C. Shiny black
D. Dull black

77. 5. Which is the best surface for absorbing heat radiation?
A. Shiny white
B. Dull white
C. Shiny black
D. Dull black

78. Question
If a cup of coffee and a red popsickle were left on the table in this room what would happen to them? Why?
The cup of coffee will cool until it reaches room temperature. The popsickle will melt and then the liquid will warm to room temperature.

79. Why does metal feel colder than wood, if they are both at the same temperature?

80. Why does metal feel colder than wood, if they are both at the same temperature?
Metal is a conductor, wood is an insulator. Metal conducts the heat away from your hands. Wood does not conduct the heat away from your hands as well as the metal, so the wood feels warmer than the metal.

81. This is ?

82. Conduction

83. This is ?

84. Convection

85. This is ?
Explains why breezes come from the ocean in the day and from the land at night

86. Convection
Explains why breezes come from the ocean in the day and from the land at night

87. This is ?

88. Radiation

89. K a h o o t !

90. Day 7
Let’s put your knowledge to work!
I expect great test scores!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!