1. Activities in CEPT (European Spectrum Regulation) with regard to connected cars evolving towards autonomous vehicles
Connected Cars, V2X & Autonomous Vehicles
April 24-26, 2017, Düsseldorf, Germany
Thomas Weber, ECO, Spectrum Management

2. Content
Organisation in CEPT dealing with TTT applications incl. sensors
Road tolling and Smart Tachographs in MHz
2.4 GHz and 5 GHz RLAN in vehicles (incl. cars)
ITS in MHz
ITS in GHz
Sensors GHz and GHz, Sensors NB GHz, Sensors > 95 GHz
3GPP V2X and 5G mandate
Agenda Item 1.12 of WRC-19 -> ITS
Policy Opinion
Other

3. Communications Committee Communications Office
Structure of the CEPT ECC
Electronic
Communications Committee
Chairman: E. Fournier (F)
Vice-Chairmen: S. Pastukh (RUS) J. Afonso (POR)
European
Communications Office
Director: P. Christensen (DNK)
Deputy Director: B. Espinosa (F)
Steering Group
WG FM
Frequency
Management
Chairman:
T. Weilacher (D)
Vice-Chairmen:
C. Reis (POR)
S. Talbot (G)
WG SE
Spectrum
Engineering
K. Loew (D)
J. Duque (POR) k. Bejuk (HRV)
WG CPG
Conference
Preparatory Group
A. Kühn (D)
Vice-Chairman:
G. Osinga (HOL)
WG NaN
Numbering
and Networks
J. Vallesverd
(NOR)
E. Greenberg (G)
F. Dragomir (ROU)
IMT-Matters
S. Green (G)
D. Doriana Guiducci (I)
ECC PT1

5. Road tolling and Smart Tachographs in 5795-5815 MHz
MHz – currently limited to road tolling applications in Europe
New European Legislation for Smart Tachographs published – Introduction in early 2019
Studies in CEPT to include Smart Tachographs in the frequency regulation (EU and CEPT)
Smart Tachographs include roadside inspections (vehicle-vehicle and roadside-vehicle) – the studies cover these new use cases
Additional studies to take into account road tolling, general RLAN use, RLAN use in cars, ITS in the 5 GHz range to ensure future co-existence (no change of the regulation intended but equipment improvements may be necessary)

6. RLAN in vehicles – Possibility under the current regulations
Explanatory paper published (ref. In ERC/REC 70-03)

7. ITS and Urban Rail systems
Revision of ECC Decision (08)01 and ECC Recommendation (08)01 is intended
Urban Rail and ITS to share frequencies (Urban Rail to be under the ITS frequency regulation)
Urban Rail CBTC in MHz – with some focus on MHz (extension band currently under discussion) - no application to be excluded from any frequency range
Scope/Conditions: under the current coexistence studies (based on IEEE /11p/ ETSI G5) and focusing on Urban Rail Systems
Analysis together with ETSI. A new ECC Report is under development to accompany the revision process of the ECC Decision / Recommendation.
Technology solution for sharing to be found in ETSI
Frequency range
Usage
Regulation
5 905 MHz to 5 925 MHz
Future ITS applications
ECC Decision (08)01
5 875 MHz to 5 905 MHz
ITS safety
(not limited to road safety!)
ECC Decision (08)01 Commission Decision
5 855 MHz to 5 875 MHz
ITS non-safety applications
ECC Recommendation(08)01

8. Major considerations for the 5.9 GHz band (I)
Next revision of the ETSI EN (new work item):
Will cover Urban Rail
Consider inclusion of alternative technologies (technology neutral)
Revision of the decentralised congestion control (DCC) to enable the possibility for different technologies to coexist in the same channel. The objective is to ensure equal access for all technologies. In case of congestion a graceful degradation of service for all depending on the safety level.
Includes a review of the test related methods, receiver parameter and measurement uncertainties.
The harmonised standard is very important for the description of the technical solution. The harmonised standard does not make a dedicated protocol mandatory.
In support: ETSI TS on requirements for the shared use of spectrum for Urban Rail and ITS applications in the MHz frequency band. The deliverable intends to define technical solutions.

9. Major considerations for the 5.9 GHz band (II) - Conditions
The technical sharing solution for ITS and Urban Rail applications should not impose new requirements/constraints on ITS below 5905 MHz.
No application will be excluded from using any frequencies.
Because of the sharing aspect and technical neutrality, no one can expect to work in 10 MHz channels alone on an exclusive use basis in MHz. This would not work with IEEE802.11/ETSI G5, WAS/RLAN (still under discussion) or Urban Rail applications. All applications have to prepare for common spectrum access in MHz.
The ECC Report 244 identified the need for mitigation techniques to be used by WAS/RLAN for the protection of ITS - and therefore, also public transportation systems. CEPT requested ETSI to develop mitigation techniques for RLANs, inter-alia in 5855 to 5925 MHz, to protect ITS applications. Urban Rail (should behave like ITS) to be covered by the mitigation techniques developed by ETSI in draft TR : Mitigation techniques to enable sharing between RLANs and Road Tolling and Intelligent Transport systems.

10. 63-64 GHz
Major review started for GHz
The aim is to find a better harmonisation approach for all applications under general authorisation regime - no indoor restriction anymore. The least restrictive regulation should be achieved, also to provide more suitable possibilities for WiGig and 5G backhauling (small cells, P-t-MP, access solutions)
Quite limited number of licensed FS links, mostly in the range GHz
More attractive regulatory solutions under general authorisations outside of Europe
Modified channelization arrangement for WiGig could take better into account ITS in GHz
Key points: minimum antenna gain, def. max. interference probability, max. bandwidth, max. height restrictions. No fragmentation of the use intended.
In this context: ITS in GHz may need to be protected but can also be questioned

11. Sensors GHz
Studies completed for GHz Fixed Radars vs Automotive Radars-ECC Report 262
Regulatory framework will be reviewed. Aim: Ensure future coexistence conditions
Detailed technical parameters (e.g. radar dwell times and duty cycles for fixed radars) maybe best reflected in the harmonised standard (EN for fixed radars), and that the Rec (an additional paragraph under frequency issues) and the EC Decision for SRDs (referring to the harmonised standard under RE-D or equivalent, possible proposal in the 7th update) refer to the harmonised standard. A solution in the standard alone is not enough since a requirement set out in the standard also needs at least a reference in the regulation
Inclusion of the parameters in the standard has the benefit that the parameters will only apply to new products (no issue with ‘grandfathering’ of older fixed radars)

12. Sensors GHz
77-81 GHz has been designated for long term solution in Europe – though GHz -> no time limitation in Europe
ECC Decision (04)03 will be reviewed in 2017 (ordinary review – takes place each 5 years – no real changes envisaged yet)
Global implementation overview
Implemented: CEPT, Marocco, Algeria, Katar, Macao, Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan, Australia
Important countries missing – processes are triggered but no regulation published yet.
USA: proposal for rule change – timetable is unclear (some OEMs/vendors don’t want to give up 24 GHz, change of the administration…)
Canada and Brazil follow the FCC
China: study triggered in Target: SRRC /SRTC new regulation
Japan: will follow outcome under AI 1.18 of WRC-15
Note that implementation of WRC-15 results may take about 2 years.

13. Sensors > 95 GHz
A considerable part of the spectrum above 100 GHz shows entries for passive services.
FCC action noted - Opening GHz to Commercial Use – FCC
A potential demand is seen for sensor applications, also within the automotive field. New ETSI proposal (Srdoc) for UWB radiodetermination applications within the frequency range 120GHz to 260GHz in preparation (will it include automotive? It does not look like at this moment)
There are no existing military applications above 100 GHz
The allocation status is identical for all three ITU-R regions.
Fixed Service channelisation arrangements in preparation for GHz and GHz bands in CEPT
A promising frequency option could be GHz (with radiolocation, amateur and RAS allocations) while there is also a radiolocation allocation up to GHz (above 141 GHz, also FS and MS allocations)
It’s the right time to report/set out demand NOW

14. 3GPP V2V/V2X
Agenda Item 1.12 of WRC-19 to consider possible global or regional harmonized frequency bands, to the maximum extent possible, for the implementation of evolving Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) under existing mobile-service allocations, in accordance with Resolution 237 (WRC-15);
CEPT received so far no direct contribution on 3GPP V2V/V2X
5.9 GHz: all existing studies based on IEEE /11p/ ETSI G5
The press release from 3GPP confirms that the two intended communication configurations (with or without base stations) use a dedicated carrier for V2V communications, meaning the target band is only used for these V2V communications
ACEA (European car manufacturers association) on the topic of spectrum redundancy for ITS and coexistence between ITS-G5 and LTE-V2X. Expresses the concept of spectrum redundancy to maintain the exclusivity of 5.9 GHz to ITS-G5 while offering an opportunity in to LTE-V2X
CEPT received from the European Commission a 5G mandate incl GHz

15. Extract CEPT roadmap for 5G – relevant for the automotive vertical market

16. Under WRC-19 AI 1.12 Major Items
Develop a possible draft ITU-R Recommendation/Report on the harmonised use of ITS on the basis of the relevant ECC Deliverables.
Develop harmonised conditions for RLAN / ITS coexistence. Therefore RLAN / ITS coexistence studies to be performed as part of the WRC-19 Agenda item 1.16 activities.
In the U.S.A. and CEPT the study of sharing ITS spectrum to be used for V2V and V2I, with Radio Local Area Network (RLAN), has begun.
C-ITS spectrum in US is designated in the range of MHz similar to Europe, foreseeing the range of MHz.
WRC-19 Agenda item 9.1 issue covers NB and BB machine-type communication infrastructures, where a new ITU-R Report on IMT verticals is under development within WP5D. The draft ITU-R Report includes ITS via LTE-based V2X feature as ad-hoc communication. This belongs to AI 1.12 only. The part of the operation scenario via an operator network is in the scope of Issue
ITS operates within CEPT under the primary mobile service allocation on a non-exclusive basis and ITS devices cannot claim protection from systems operating under other current primary services.

17. Policy Opinion (ITS G5 vs 3GPP)
No immediate need to take any regulatory action
Many stakeholders raised concerns that competing technologies in MHz could impact on interoperability and utility of this band.
Regulation: it is important to be technology neutral. Considering which technology is most suitable for safety-related ITS is not a spectrum policy matter.
However, if the current debate over coexistence of technologies in this spectrum band is not resolved, it may be appropriate to consider if any action is needed – for example by referring the matter to the relevant European standardization body.

18. Other activities (automotive field)
CEPT studying amendments of the UWB regulations for vehicular access systems and also additional alternative mitigations to be used in vehicular use cases -> new options
Wireless Power Transmission (WPT): for electrical cars
Compatibility studies
Target: relaxation of limits for inductive applications (e.g. in kHz)

19. Thank you for you attention
Questions??