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The Solar System – “What kinds of objects are in the solar system?”
Chapter 21 The Solar System – “What kinds of objects are in the solar system?” ----- Meeting Notes (9/26/16 10:38) -----
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Lesson 1 – The Structure of the Solar System
How are the inner planets different from the outer planets? What is an astronomical unit and why is it used? What is the shape of a planet’s orbit?
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What is the “solar system”?
Solar system consists of: The sun The group of objects that orbit the sun
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“What object do the planets in the solar system move around. ” RC-p
Objects in the solar system move around the sun.
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Objects in the solar system – The Sun
A star – an object in space made of gases in which nuclear fusion reactions occur, producing energy Energy is given off as light and heat Diameter is 1.4 million km (870, 000 miles) Diameter is 10 times larger than the largest planet, Jupiter Made mostly of hydrogen gas Mass makes up 99% of the mass of the ENTIRE SOLAR SYSTEM
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Objects in the Solar System – Objects that orbit the sun
All objects that revolve around the sun are held in their orbit by the sun’s gravitational force Planets Dwarf planets Asteroids Comets
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“What is a planet?” RC-p. 762 A planet is an object that orbits the sun and has a nearly spherical shape. The mass of a planet must be larger than the total mass of all the objects whose orbits are close by. (This is why Pluto is no longer considered a planet. Its mass is NOT greater than the total mass of nearby orbiting objects.)
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Inner Planets vs. Outer Planets
closest to sun Outer planets farthest from sun Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars Made mainly of solid, rocky material Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune Made mainly of ice and gases (like hydrogen & helium) MUCH larger than inner planets (called the “gas giants”)
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“Describe how the inner planets are different from the outer planets
“Describe how the inner planets are different from the outer planets.” KCC-p. 763 The inner planets are different from the outer planets because they are made mainly of solid, rocky material while the outer planets are made mainly of ice and gases. The outer planets are also much larger than the inner planets.
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Dwarf Planets A spherical object that orbits the sun
It is NOT a moon of another planet It is in a region where there are many orbiting objects nearby BUT IT DOES NOT HAVE MORE MASS THAN THOSE NEARBY ORBITING OBJECTS Made of rock and ice Much smaller than Earth
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The Four Known Dwarf Planets
Ceres Eris Pluto Makemake
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“Which dwarf planet is farthest from the sun?” VC-p. 763
Eris is the dwarf planet that is farthest from the sun. See Fig. 3, p. 763
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Asteroids Small, rocky objects that orbit the sun in the asteroid belt, located between Mars and Jupiter. Usually NOT spherical Range in size from less than a meter to several hundred kilometers (about miles) SEE FIG. 4, Page 763
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Comets An object made of gas, dust and ice that orbits the sun in an oval shaped orbit
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Assignment for tomorrow
On index cards, write the definitions for the following words: There will be a vocabulary quiz over these words on Thursday, 9/29. • Solar system • Star (science use) • Planet • Asteroids • Comet • Astronomical unit • Period of revolution • Period of rotation • Ellipse
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