1. CS1: Wireless Communication and Mobile Programming
Przemyslaw Pawluk
Introduction to Android App Development
Android architecture
Tools
Laurentian University International Global Experience Program
2017

2. Agenda Mobile in general Intro to Mobile Overview Mobile Devices
Mobile OS
Framework
IDE
App Store
Geolocation
Intro to Mobile Overview
Apps
Components
My First Android App

3. Devices (Running Mobile OS)
Smartphone
Tablet
MP3 player
Camera
Smart TV
Media player
CD/DVD player
Set-top boxes
VoIP phone
Home automation and security system
Smart Gadgets (watches)
(c) Khaled Mahmud

4. Mobile OS OS Owner Device- Smartphone Device- Tablet Android Google
Samsung Galaxy, LG Nexus, HTC One
Google Nexus
iOS
Apple
iPhone
iPad
Windows 10 Mobile
Microsoft
Nokia Lumia 950
BlackBerry (OS 10, Tablet QNX)
Blackberry (formerly RIM)
Blackberry Z10
Ubuntu Touch
Canonical
Firefox OS
Mozilla
Tizen
Linux Foundation
Sailfish
Jolla
(c) Khaled Mahmud

5. Requirements for Mobile OS
Support for
Touchscreen
Cellular
Bluetooth
Wi-Fi
GPS mobile navigation
Camera, Video camera
Speech recognition
Voice recorder
Music player
Near field communication (NFC) and infrared blaster
(c) Khaled Mahmud

6. World-wide Smartphone Sales (Percentage share)
(c) Khaled Mahmud

7. World-wide Smartphone Sales
(c) Khaled Mahmud

8. Android Releases and sweet names Open source Development language
Cupcake (1.5)
Frozen Yogurt ("Froyo") (2.2)
Ginger Bread (2.3)
Honeycomb (3.0)
Ice Cream Sandwich (4.0)
Jelly Bean (4.2)
KitKat (4.4)
Lollipop
Marshmallow
Nugat
Open source
Promoted by OHA
Development language
Java
(c) Khaled Mahmud

9. Android Development SDK: Android SDK Language: Java IDE:
Any Java IDE (recommended: Eclipse, plug-in available)
Android Studio
Emulator: available
(c) Khaled Mahmud

10. iOS Closed source Language(s): Devices
Objective C
Swift
Devices
All developed by Apple
iPhone, iPod Touch, iPad
Second-generation Apple TV
Multitasking is supported through background APIs
Not true multi-tasking like desktop
(c) Khaled Mahmud

11. iOS Development SDK: iOS SDK Framework: Cocoa Touch IDE: Xcode
Needs Mac OS X (Lion) device
Framework: Cocoa Touch
IDE: Xcode
Simulator: Freely available
Requires Apple ID
Actual device development:
Requires subscription: Developer Program ($99/year)
(c) Khaled Mahmud

12. iOS Architecture Four abstraction layers Core OS layer
Core Services layer
Media layer, and
Cocoa Touch layer
(c) Khaled Mahmud

13. iOS User Interface UI is based on Multi-touch gestures
Swipe, tap, pinch, and reverse pinch
Each has specific definitions within the context of the iOS
Control elements
Sliders, switches, and buttons
(c) Khaled Mahmud

14. Windows 10 Mobile Closed source Current market share is less than 1%
Feature
Metro-design
Resizable tile
Removable storage
NFC
VoIP integrated in the OS core
FM radio
Targeted for
PCs, mobile devices, Xbox,
(c) Khaled Mahmud

15. Windows Development Language: C/C++, C# SDK: Windows Phone SDK 10
IDE: Visual Studio 2015, …
Emulator: Available
Game development framework: Using XNA
Beginners start here
Absolute-Beginners
(c) Khaled Mahmud

16. Blackberry 10 Based on QNX (Unix-like)
Targeted for both smartphone and tablet
Closed source
Language(s)
C/ C++: Native SDK
C++/Qt: Cascades SDK
HTML5/Javascript/CSS: Webworks SDK
ActionScript: Adobe AIR
Java: Android runtime
Devices
All developed by Blackberry (RIM)
Z10, Q10
(c) Khaled Mahmud

17. Ubuntu Touch Mobile version of Ubuntu: Designed for touch screen
Target:
Smartphones, tablets, mobile, GPS smartnav, in-vehicle infotainment
First device: BQ Aquaris M10 (tablet)
UI platform: QT 5-based, also uses Maemo, MeeGo frameworks
Because of Linux kernel, the system can be easily ported to Android smartphones
(c) Khaled Mahmud

18. Bada By Samsung Closed source Reconfigurable kernel architecture
Already stopped development!
(c) Khaled Mahmud

19. Open Handset Alliance (OHA)
Consortium of 84 firms to develop open standards for mobile devices
Member firms include
Google, HTC, Sony, Dell, Intel, Motorola, Qualcomm, Texas Instruments, Samsung Electronics, LG Electronics, T-Mobile, Sprint Nextel, Nvidia, and Wind River Systems
Android is the flagship software of the alliance
Competes against mobile platforms from Apple, Microsoft, Nokia (Symbian), HP (formerly Palm), and Samsung Electronics (Bada)
(c) Khaled Mahmud

20. APP Stores Apple App Store Google Play Windows Store
Blackberry App World
(c) Khaled Mahmud

21. Android Features (c) Khaled Mahmud Storage Connectivity: Messaging
SQLite (lightweight relational data base)
Connectivity:
GSM/GPRS/EDGE, CDMA, UMTS, WiFi, WiMAX
Messaging
SMS, MMS
Web browser
With JavaScript engine
Media support
H.263, MP3, MP4, AMR, AAC, WAV, MIDI, Ogg Vorbis, JPEG, GIF, PNG, BMP
Multi-touch
Multi tasking
Flash support
Tethering
Hardware support
Camera
Accelerometer sensor
Digital Compass
Proximity sensor
GPS
(c) Khaled Mahmud

22. Android Architecture 4 layers (5 sections) Linus kernel Libraries
Android runtime
Application framework
Applications
(c) Khaled Mahmud

23. Location services W3C Geolocation API
Client-side
Consults of Location Information Servers
Common sources of location information
IP address
Wi-Fi and Bluetooth MAC address
Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID)
Wi-Fi connection location
Device Global Positioning System (GPS), and
GSM/CDMA cell IDs
(c) Khaled Mahmud

24. GPS Software in Mobile devices
iGO (paid)
iOS, Wndows, Android
Google maps for Mobile (free)
Android, iOS
Apple Maps (free)
iOS
BlackBerry Maps
BlackBerry 10
Ovi Maps
Symbian OS
(c) Khaled Mahmud

25. Accessing Hardware Capabilities
Wireless device
Modem
Touch screen
Camera
Accelerometer sensor
Digital Compass
Proximity sensor
GPS
Battery
How do they share profits?
Developer: 70%
Apple: 30%
(c) Khaled Mahmud

26. How to build apps for Android

27. Simplicity is the key!
Simplicity is a key ingredient of the mobile app success!
The most successful apps are doing one thing but they do it perfectly.

28. Know your user
To create good application (not necessarily mobile) you have to know your target – future users of your app.
Know they needs, expectations and what they are used to.
Follow good examples and learn from mistakes made by others!

29. What is Android
Android is an open source software toolkit for mobile phones that was created by Google and the Open Handset Alliance

31. Android Interfaces and Architecture
Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL)
(c) Khaled Mahmud

34. Activity – main app component

36. Components

38. Project structure
A project in Android Studio contains everything that defines your workspace for an app, from source code and assets, to test code and build configurations. When you start a new project, Android Studio creates the necessary structure for all your files and makes them visible in the Project window on the left side of the IDE

39. Module
A module is a collection of source files and build settings that allow you to divide your project into discrete units of functionality. Your project can have one or many modules and one module may use another module as a dependency. Each module can be independently built, tested, and debugged.
Additional modules are often useful when creating code libraries within your own project or when you want to create different sets of code and resources for different device types, such as phones and wearables, but keep all the files scoped within the same project and share some code.

40. Project Files manifests java res
Contains the AndroidManifest.xml file.
java
Contains the Java source code files, separated by package names, including JUnit test code.
res
Contains all non-code resources, such as XML layouts, UI strings, and bitmap images, divided into corresponding sub-directories. For more information about all possible resource types, see Providing Resources.

41. Project components build/ Contains build outputs. libs/
Contains private libraries.
src/
Contains all code and resource files for the module in the following subdirectories:
androidTest/
Contains code for instrumentation tests that run on an Android device. For more information, see the Android Test documentation.
main/
Contains the "main" sourceset files: the Android code and resources shared by all build variants (files for other build variants reside in sibling directories, such as src/debug/ for the debug build type).
AndroidManifest.xml
Describes the nature of the application and each of its components. For more information, see the AndroidManifest.xml documentation.

42. Project components java/ jni/ gen/ res/ assets/ test/
Contains Java code sources.
jni/
Contains native code using the Java Native Interface (JNI). For more information, see the Android NDK documentation.
gen/
Contains the Java files generated by Android Studio, such as your R.java file and interfaces created from AIDL files.
res/
Contains application resources, such as drawable files, layout files, and UI string. See Application Resources for more information.
assets/
Contains file that should be compiled into an .apk file as-is. You can navigate this directory in the same way as a typical file system using URIs and read files as a stream of bytes using the AssetManager . For example, this is a good location for textures and game data.
test/
Contains code for local tests that run on your host JVM.
build.gradle (module)
This defines the module-specific build configurations.
build.gradle (project)
This defines your build configuration that apply to all modules. This file is integral to the project, so you should maintain them in revision control with all other source code

43. Project Settings
SDK Location: Sets the location of the JDK, Android SDK, and Android NDK that your project uses.
Project: Sets the version for Gradle and the Android plugin for Gradle, and the repository location name.
Developer Services: Contains settings for Android Studio add-in components from Google or other third parties. See Developer Services, below.
Modules: Allows you to edit module-specific build configurations, including the target and minimum SDK, the app signature, and library dependencies. See Modules, below.

48. Activity types

49. Activity types

50. Assignment 2
Due: Thursday, July 20, 2017

51. Setup Same groups as in Assignment 1
Goal: Build a simple mobile application
Deliverables:
Report describing the application that contains the following sections:
App name
App description
Work division (task: member name)
ZIP file with the project

52. Apps proposals
Shopping list
ToDo list
Note app
Restaurant review app

53. Due: Thursday, July 20, 2017