1. Medical Terminology HSC 3537
Chapter 1 Review & Chapters 2-4

2. Arthr/o = joint Arthr/itis Oste/o/arthr/itis Arthr/o/scopy Arthr/algia
Definition starts with the suffix
-itis = inflammation, arthr/o = joint
Inflammation of a joint
Why did we drop the combining vowel?

3. Osteoarthritis -itis =inflammation, oste/o = bone, arthr/o = joint
Inflammation of the bone & joint
Why did we NOT drop the combining vowel between the word roots?

4. Hepat/o = liver Hepat/itis = inflammation of the liver
Sub/hepat/ic = pertaining to below the liver
Hepat/oma = tumor of the liver
Hepat/o/megaly = enlargement of the liver

5. Blood Blood condition Word root Hemat/o, hem/o Hemat/o/logy
Hemat/o/logist
Hemat/oma
Hem/arthr/osis
Hemat/uria
Suffix
-emia
Hyper/glyc/emia
Hypo/glyc/emia
An/emia
Leuk/emia

6. Tumor Tumor, mass, swelling
Word root
Onc/o
Oncology
Oncologist
Suffix
-oma
Hepatoma
Hematoma
Sarcoma
Carcinoma
Adenoma
Adenocarcinoma

7. Cell Word root Cyt/o Cytology Cytologist Leukocytosis Suffix -cyte
Erythrocyte
Leukocyte
Thrombocyte
Osteocyte

8. Disease Disease Condition
Word root
Path/o
Pathology
Pathologist
Pathogenic
Suffix
-pathy
Enteropathy
Gastroenteropathy
Adenopathy
Arthropathy
Cardiomyopathy

9. 2 word roots = To Cut Sect/o Cis/o Bisect Incision Resection Excision
Transection
Cis/o
Incision
Excision

10. 2 word roots = Kidney Nephr/o Nephritis Nephralgia Ren/o Nephrologist
Nephrectomy
Ren/o
Renal

11. Nerve
Neur/o
Neurologist
Neuroma
Neuritis
Neurectomy

12. Questions from Chapter 1??
On to Chapter 2

13. CELL=cyt/o, cyte Nucleus:
nucle/o, kary/o
Controlling structure
Chrom/o/somes
Rod like structures
23 pairs except ova, sperm
Genes:
In chromosomes
Determine hereditary characteristics
DNA: each gene is composed of DNA
Cyt/o/plasm: all material outside the nucleus, enclosed by the cell membrane
Mitochondria: small sausage shaped bodies
Endoplasmic reticulum: network of canals

14. Kary/o/type Kary/o = nucleus -type = classification or picture
Analyzing chromosomes within the nucleus in terms of size, arrangement, and number.

15. TISSUE=hist/o Group of similar cells performing a specific task
Epi/thel/ial:
Major covering of the external surface of the body: derm/o, dermat/o
Forms membranes that line body cavities and organs
Major tissue in glands: aden/o
Muscle: my/o
Connective: sarc/o
Fat: adip/o, lip/o
Cartilage: chondr/o
Bone: oste/o
Blood: hemat/o, hem/o
Nerve: neur/o

16. ORGAN Viscer/o = internal organs
Two or more kinds of tissues that together perform special body functions
Example: Stomach composed of muscle, nerve, glandular tissue

17. SYSTEM
Group of organs that work together to perform complex body functions

18. Cell-tissue-organ-system

19. Body Cavities Crani/o = skull Thorac/o = chest Abdomin/o = abdomen
Pleur/o
Mediastinum
Abdomin/o = abdomen
Diaphragm
Peritoneum
Pelv/o = hip, pelvis
Spin/o = spine, backbone

20. Divisions of the back Cervical: C1-C7 Thoracic: T1-T12 Lumbar: L1-L5
Cervic/o = neck
Spine
Uterus
Thoracic: T1-T12
Thorac/o = chest
Lumbar: L1-L5
Lumb/o = lower back
Sacrum: S1-S5
Sacr/o = sacrum
Coccygeal: tailbone
Coccyg/o = coccyx

21. Positional & Directional Terms
Anterior (ventral)
Anter/o = front
Ventr/o = belly side of the body
Posterior (dorsal)
Poster/o = back, behind
Dors/o = back portion of the body

22. Positional & Directional Terms
Deep: away from the surface
Superficial: on the surface
Inferior: below another structure
Superior: above another structure
Caudal: pertaining to the tail
Cephalic: pertaining to the head

23. Positional & Directional Terms
Distal
Dist/o = far, distant
Away from a point of reference
Proximal
Proxim/o = nearest
Near to a point of reference

24. Positional & Directional Terms
Medial
Medi/o = middle
Pertaining to the middle or nearer the medial plane of the body.
Lateral
Later/o = side
Pertaining to the side.

25. Positional & Directional Terms
Supine: Lying on the back. The face is UP in the sUPine position.
Prone: Lying on the belly. The patient is lying ON his/her face in the prONe position.

26. Planes of the Body Frontal (coronal): Sagittal: Transverse: Vertical
Anterior/posterior
Sagittal:
Right/left
Transverse:
Horizontal
Superior/inferior

27. Questions??
On to chapter 3…

28. Some Combining forms Angi/o = vessel, usually a blood vessel
Angioplasty
Lymphangiogram
Arteri/o = artery
Arteriosclerosis
Blephar/o = eyelid
Blepharoptosis
Ophthalm/o = eye
Ophthalmologist

29. More Combining Forms Col/o = colon Enter/o = small intestine
Colostomy
Enter/o = small intestine
Enteropathy
Encephal/o = brain
Encephalitis
Lapar/o = abdomen, abdominal wall
Laparoscope
Abdomin/o = abdomen
abdominal

30. Combining Forms Mamm/o = breast Mast/o = breast Phleb/o = vein
mammogram
Mast/o = breast
Mastectomy
Phleb/o = vein
Phlebitis
Ven/o = vein
Venogram
Pneumon/o = lungs
Pulmon/o = lungs
Pulmonologist
Staphyl/o = clusters
Strept/o = twisted chains

31. Surgical Suffixes -centesis: surgical puncture to remove fluid
Thoracentesis
Amniocentesis
Abdominocentesis
Arthrocentesis
-plasty: surgical repair
Angioplasty
Blepharoplasty
Mammoplasty
Rhinoplasty
Arthroplasty

32. Surgical Suffixes -ectomy: excision, removal, resection
Laryngectomy
Mastectomy
Nephrectomy
Neurectomy
Appendectomy
Tonsillectomy
-tomy: incision, to cut into
Laparotomy
Arthrotomy
Tracheotomy
-stomy: creation of an artificial opening
Colostomy
Tracheostomy

33. Surgical Suffixes -scopy: process of visual examination
Laparoscopy
Arthroscopy
Laryngoscopy
Bronchoscopy
Colonoscopy
-scope: instrument used for visual examination
Laparoscope
Arthroscope
Laryngoscope
Bronchoscope
Colonoscope

34. Suffixes -algia: pain -dynia: pain Otalgia Myalgia Thoracalgia
Cephalgia
-dynia: pain
Pleurodynia
Cardiodynia
Coccydynia
Mastodynia

35. -gram, -graph, -graphy -gram: record -graph: instrument for recording
Electrocardiogram
Myelogram
Mammogram
Venogram
Arteriogram
-graph: instrument for recording
Electroencephalograph
Electrocardiograph
-graphy: process of recording
Electroencephalography
Myelography
Mammography
Polysomnography

36. Suffixes -malacia: softening -megaly: enlargement Osteomalacia
Chondromalacia
Encephalomalacia
-megaly: enlargement
Acromegaly
Splenomegaly
Hepatomegaly
Hepatosplenomegaly
Dactylomegaly

37. Suffixes -pnea: breathing -penia: deficiency -cele: hernia, protrusion
Apnea
Dyspnea
-penia: deficiency
Erythropenia
Thrombocytopenia
Pancytopenia
-cele: hernia, protrusion
Rectocele
Cystocele
Diaphragmatocele
-ptosis: drooping, sagging, prolapse
Blepharoptosis
Mastoptosis
Nephroptosis
-lapse: to slide, fall, sag
prolapse

38. Questions??
Chapter Four follows…

39. Combining Forms Carp/o = carpal bones
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Cib/o = meals
Motrin 800 mg b.i.d. p.o. p.c.
Cost/o = rib
Costochondritis
Cutane/o, derm/o, dermat/o = skin
Subcutaneous
Dactyl/o = fingers, toes
Syndactyly
Gloss/o = tongue
Hemiglossectomy
Nat/i = birth
Postnatal

40. Suffixes -cyesis: pregnancy -partum: birth, labor
Pseudocyesis
-partum: birth, labor
Postpartum
-plasia, -plasm: development, formation
Dysplasia
Hyperplasia
-rrhea: flow or discharge
Rhinorrhea
Diarrhea

41. Prefixes A-, an-: no, not, without Ante-: before, forward
Apnea
Anencephaly
Adactyly
Ante-: before, forward
Antepartum
Ante cibum
Anti-: against
Antibiotic
Anticonvulsant
Antidepressant

42. Prefixes Bi-: two (combining form bi/o = life)
Bilateral
Bifurcation
Contra-: against, opposite
Contraindication
Contraception
Contralateral
Brady-: slow
Bradycardia
Bradykinesia
Tachy-: fast
Tachycardia
Tachypnea

43. Prefixes Eu-: good Dys-: bad, painful, difficult, abnormal
Euthyroid
Euphoria
Para-: near, beside, abnormal
Parathyroid glands
Pararenal
Dys-: bad, painful, difficult, abnormal
Dyspnea
Dysplasia
Dysfunctional
Dysequilibrium
Mal-: bad
Malabsorption
Malpractice
Malposition

44. Prefixes Supra-: above, upper Infra-: beneath Inter-: between
Suprathoracic
Suprarenal glands
Suprainguinal
Infra-: beneath
Infracostal
Infradiaphragmatic
Inter-: between
Intercostal
Intervertebral disc

45. Prefixes Intra-: into, within Dia-: through, complete
Intravenous
Intramuscular
Intraperitoneal
Dia-: through, complete
Diameter
Diarrhea
Diagnosis
Pro-: before, forward
Prodrome
Prolapse
Prognosis

46. Prefixes Pre-: before, in front of Per-: through Peri-: surrounding
Premature
Prenatal
Precancerous
Per-: through
Percutaneous
Perennial
Peri-: surrounding
Pericardium
Periosteum
Perigastric

47. TEST #1 NEXT WEEK! Chapters 1-4 Know ALL Word Parts!
Be able to recognize word parts in medical terms
Module exams 1-4 due next Tuesday
Bring raspberry scantron
Bring photo ID
Be on time!