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Medical Terminology HSC 3537
Chapter 1 Review & Chapters 2-4
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Arthr/o = joint Arthr/itis Oste/o/arthr/itis Arthr/o/scopy Arthr/algia
Definition starts with the suffix -itis = inflammation, arthr/o = joint Inflammation of a joint Why did we drop the combining vowel?
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Osteoarthritis -itis =inflammation, oste/o = bone, arthr/o = joint
Inflammation of the bone & joint Why did we NOT drop the combining vowel between the word roots?
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Hepat/o = liver Hepat/itis = inflammation of the liver
Sub/hepat/ic = pertaining to below the liver Hepat/oma = tumor of the liver Hepat/o/megaly = enlargement of the liver
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Blood Blood condition Word root Hemat/o, hem/o Hemat/o/logy
Hemat/o/logist Hemat/oma Hem/arthr/osis Hemat/uria Suffix -emia Hyper/glyc/emia Hypo/glyc/emia An/emia Leuk/emia
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Tumor Tumor, mass, swelling
Word root Onc/o Oncology Oncologist Suffix -oma Hepatoma Hematoma Sarcoma Carcinoma Adenoma Adenocarcinoma
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Cell Word root Cyt/o Cytology Cytologist Leukocytosis Suffix -cyte
Erythrocyte Leukocyte Thrombocyte Osteocyte
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Disease Disease Condition
Word root Path/o Pathology Pathologist Pathogenic Suffix -pathy Enteropathy Gastroenteropathy Adenopathy Arthropathy Cardiomyopathy
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2 word roots = To Cut Sect/o Cis/o Bisect Incision Resection Excision
Transection Cis/o Incision Excision
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2 word roots = Kidney Nephr/o Nephritis Nephralgia Ren/o Nephrologist
Nephrectomy Ren/o Renal
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Nerve Neur/o Neurologist Neuroma Neuritis Neurectomy
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Questions from Chapter 1??
On to Chapter 2
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CELL=cyt/o, cyte Nucleus:
nucle/o, kary/o Controlling structure Chrom/o/somes Rod like structures 23 pairs except ova, sperm Genes: In chromosomes Determine hereditary characteristics DNA: each gene is composed of DNA Cyt/o/plasm: all material outside the nucleus, enclosed by the cell membrane Mitochondria: small sausage shaped bodies Endoplasmic reticulum: network of canals
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Kary/o/type Kary/o = nucleus -type = classification or picture
Analyzing chromosomes within the nucleus in terms of size, arrangement, and number.
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TISSUE=hist/o Group of similar cells performing a specific task
Epi/thel/ial: Major covering of the external surface of the body: derm/o, dermat/o Forms membranes that line body cavities and organs Major tissue in glands: aden/o Muscle: my/o Connective: sarc/o Fat: adip/o, lip/o Cartilage: chondr/o Bone: oste/o Blood: hemat/o, hem/o Nerve: neur/o
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ORGAN Viscer/o = internal organs
Two or more kinds of tissues that together perform special body functions Example: Stomach composed of muscle, nerve, glandular tissue
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SYSTEM Group of organs that work together to perform complex body functions
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Cell-tissue-organ-system
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Body Cavities Crani/o = skull Thorac/o = chest Abdomin/o = abdomen
Pleur/o Mediastinum Abdomin/o = abdomen Diaphragm Peritoneum Pelv/o = hip, pelvis Spin/o = spine, backbone
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Divisions of the back Cervical: C1-C7 Thoracic: T1-T12 Lumbar: L1-L5
Cervic/o = neck Spine Uterus Thoracic: T1-T12 Thorac/o = chest Lumbar: L1-L5 Lumb/o = lower back Sacrum: S1-S5 Sacr/o = sacrum Coccygeal: tailbone Coccyg/o = coccyx
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Positional & Directional Terms
Anterior (ventral) Anter/o = front Ventr/o = belly side of the body Posterior (dorsal) Poster/o = back, behind Dors/o = back portion of the body
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Positional & Directional Terms
Deep: away from the surface Superficial: on the surface Inferior: below another structure Superior: above another structure Caudal: pertaining to the tail Cephalic: pertaining to the head
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Positional & Directional Terms
Distal Dist/o = far, distant Away from a point of reference Proximal Proxim/o = nearest Near to a point of reference
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Positional & Directional Terms
Medial Medi/o = middle Pertaining to the middle or nearer the medial plane of the body. Lateral Later/o = side Pertaining to the side.
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Positional & Directional Terms
Supine: Lying on the back. The face is UP in the sUPine position. Prone: Lying on the belly. The patient is lying ON his/her face in the prONe position.
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Planes of the Body Frontal (coronal): Sagittal: Transverse: Vertical
Anterior/posterior Sagittal: Right/left Transverse: Horizontal Superior/inferior
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Questions?? On to chapter 3…
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Some Combining forms Angi/o = vessel, usually a blood vessel
Angioplasty Lymphangiogram Arteri/o = artery Arteriosclerosis Blephar/o = eyelid Blepharoptosis Ophthalm/o = eye Ophthalmologist
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More Combining Forms Col/o = colon Enter/o = small intestine
Colostomy Enter/o = small intestine Enteropathy Encephal/o = brain Encephalitis Lapar/o = abdomen, abdominal wall Laparoscope Abdomin/o = abdomen abdominal
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Combining Forms Mamm/o = breast Mast/o = breast Phleb/o = vein
mammogram Mast/o = breast Mastectomy Phleb/o = vein Phlebitis Ven/o = vein Venogram Pneumon/o = lungs Pulmon/o = lungs Pulmonologist Staphyl/o = clusters Strept/o = twisted chains
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Surgical Suffixes -centesis: surgical puncture to remove fluid
Thoracentesis Amniocentesis Abdominocentesis Arthrocentesis -plasty: surgical repair Angioplasty Blepharoplasty Mammoplasty Rhinoplasty Arthroplasty
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Surgical Suffixes -ectomy: excision, removal, resection
Laryngectomy Mastectomy Nephrectomy Neurectomy Appendectomy Tonsillectomy -tomy: incision, to cut into Laparotomy Arthrotomy Tracheotomy -stomy: creation of an artificial opening Colostomy Tracheostomy
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Surgical Suffixes -scopy: process of visual examination
Laparoscopy Arthroscopy Laryngoscopy Bronchoscopy Colonoscopy -scope: instrument used for visual examination Laparoscope Arthroscope Laryngoscope Bronchoscope Colonoscope
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Suffixes -algia: pain -dynia: pain Otalgia Myalgia Thoracalgia
Cephalgia -dynia: pain Pleurodynia Cardiodynia Coccydynia Mastodynia
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-gram, -graph, -graphy -gram: record -graph: instrument for recording
Electrocardiogram Myelogram Mammogram Venogram Arteriogram -graph: instrument for recording Electroencephalograph Electrocardiograph -graphy: process of recording Electroencephalography Myelography Mammography Polysomnography
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Suffixes -malacia: softening -megaly: enlargement Osteomalacia
Chondromalacia Encephalomalacia -megaly: enlargement Acromegaly Splenomegaly Hepatomegaly Hepatosplenomegaly Dactylomegaly
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Suffixes -pnea: breathing -penia: deficiency -cele: hernia, protrusion
Apnea Dyspnea -penia: deficiency Erythropenia Thrombocytopenia Pancytopenia -cele: hernia, protrusion Rectocele Cystocele Diaphragmatocele -ptosis: drooping, sagging, prolapse Blepharoptosis Mastoptosis Nephroptosis -lapse: to slide, fall, sag prolapse
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Questions?? Chapter Four follows…
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Combining Forms Carp/o = carpal bones
Carpal tunnel syndrome Cib/o = meals Motrin 800 mg b.i.d. p.o. p.c. Cost/o = rib Costochondritis Cutane/o, derm/o, dermat/o = skin Subcutaneous Dactyl/o = fingers, toes Syndactyly Gloss/o = tongue Hemiglossectomy Nat/i = birth Postnatal
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Suffixes -cyesis: pregnancy -partum: birth, labor
Pseudocyesis -partum: birth, labor Postpartum -plasia, -plasm: development, formation Dysplasia Hyperplasia -rrhea: flow or discharge Rhinorrhea Diarrhea
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Prefixes A-, an-: no, not, without Ante-: before, forward
Apnea Anencephaly Adactyly Ante-: before, forward Antepartum Ante cibum Anti-: against Antibiotic Anticonvulsant Antidepressant
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Prefixes Bi-: two (combining form bi/o = life)
Bilateral Bifurcation Contra-: against, opposite Contraindication Contraception Contralateral Brady-: slow Bradycardia Bradykinesia Tachy-: fast Tachycardia Tachypnea
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Prefixes Eu-: good Dys-: bad, painful, difficult, abnormal
Euthyroid Euphoria Para-: near, beside, abnormal Parathyroid glands Pararenal Dys-: bad, painful, difficult, abnormal Dyspnea Dysplasia Dysfunctional Dysequilibrium Mal-: bad Malabsorption Malpractice Malposition
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Prefixes Supra-: above, upper Infra-: beneath Inter-: between
Suprathoracic Suprarenal glands Suprainguinal Infra-: beneath Infracostal Infradiaphragmatic Inter-: between Intercostal Intervertebral disc
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Prefixes Intra-: into, within Dia-: through, complete
Intravenous Intramuscular Intraperitoneal Dia-: through, complete Diameter Diarrhea Diagnosis Pro-: before, forward Prodrome Prolapse Prognosis
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Prefixes Pre-: before, in front of Per-: through Peri-: surrounding
Premature Prenatal Precancerous Per-: through Percutaneous Perennial Peri-: surrounding Pericardium Periosteum Perigastric
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TEST #1 NEXT WEEK! Chapters 1-4 Know ALL Word Parts!
Be able to recognize word parts in medical terms Module exams 1-4 due next Tuesday Bring raspberry scantron Bring photo ID Be on time!
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