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70-270: MCSE Guide to Microsoft Windows XP Professional Second Edition, Enhanced Chapter 1: Introduction to Windows XP Professional
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Objectives Describe the Windows Networking family of products
Describe the major features of the Windows XP environment Understand the Windows XP intelligent user interface Define the minimum system requirements for Windows XP Professional Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Objectives (continued)
Understand the two major networking models under which Windows XP can be used Understand the architecture of Windows XP Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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The Microsoft Networking Family
Collection of operating systems (OS) Operating Systems Work directly with hardware to provide the environment for other software to operate Can participate in a network as either a server or client Wide range of products Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Windows XP Builds upon best features of Windows 2000 and Windows 98/SE/ME Includes advanced Internet, security, and connectivity technologies Consists of five products: Windows XP 64-Bit Edition, Windows XP Media Center Edition Windows XP Tablet PC Edition Windows XP Home Edition Windows XP Professional Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Other Client Operating Systems
Windows 2000 Professional Windows NT 4.0 Workstation Windows ME Windows SE Windows 98 Windows 95 Windows for Workgroups Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Choosing Between Windows XP Professional And Windows XP Home Edition
Questions: Do you need to connect to a large Microsoft network? Do you need to remotely access your computer? Do you need to protect sensitive files? Do you need a wide range of fault tolerance and recovery options? Are you a power user? Are you pursuing certification? What is your budget? Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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The Windows XP Environment
Hybrid of Windows 2000 and Windows ME Plug and Play Automatically detects presence of new hardware Installs the appropriate device driver Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Multiple Processors Supports true multiprocessing Up to two CPUs
Multiple applications can execute simultaneously Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Multitasking Mode of CPU operation
Computer processes more than one task at a time Preemptive multitasking OS maintains control over how long any execution thread may take possession of the CPU Cooperative multitasking Individual applications take control over the CPU for as long as they like Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Multithreading Individual tasks within single process space operate independently as separate execution modules called threads All threads share same memory and system resources Allows OS to execute multiple threads from single application concurrently Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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File Systems FAT (file allocation table) FAT32
New Technology File System (NTFS) Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Active Directory Control and administration mechanism
Combines various aspects of network into manageable hierarchical structure Installation and management utilities not included with Windows XP Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Security Protected mandatory logon system Memory protection
System auditing Precise controls on file and directory access Kerberos v5 authentication protocol Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Compatibility Wide range of applications supported: DOS 16-bit
Native 32-bit (Win32) Windows 3.1 and Windows for Workgroups 16-bit (Win16) Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Storage RAM Hard disk space 4 GB 2 TB for NTFS volumes
32 GB for FAT32 volumes 4 GB for FAT16 volumes Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Connectivity Wide variety of networking protocols: NWLink
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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System Recovery Broad system recovery mechanisms: System Restore
Automated System Recovery (ASR) Recovery Console Device driver rollback Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Remote Capabilities Remote Desktop Remote Assistance
Access office computer’s user environment from remote system Remote Assistance Invite remote user to control your desktop Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Help and Support Services
Comprehensive Help system Step-by-step guides Topical and index organizations Online help Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Intelligent User Interface
New desktop layout and look Labeled as the “user experience” Easy to use New default color scheme Changes to Start menu Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Windows XP Start Menu Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Windows XP Start Menu Quick links to Web browser and e-mail client
“Pin” own selection of icons List of the most recently accessed applications Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Activity 1-1: Introducing The New Windows XP Interface
Objective: Become familiar with the new look of Windows XP Professional Follow directions to explore the desktop and Start menu Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Overview Of New Features
Broad range of new features or improvements Most not covered on certification exam Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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IntelliMirror Fully integrated into Windows XP
Offers fault-tolerant system to protect system and data files from loss Backs up user data Automates application installation Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Windows Messenger Service
Includes Integrated video Voice Text conferencing Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Windows Media Player 8 Play CDs and DVDs View recorded movies
Search and organize digital media Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Windows Movie Maker Transform camcorder recordings into amateur home movies Broad support for digital images Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Autoplay Not a feature new to Windows
Can configure what the system does based on the type of CD Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Desktop Enhanced to allow the user to customize functionality
Customization automatically stored in user profile Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Activity 1-2: Setting Up The Desktop
Objective: Customize the desktop to your preferences Follow instructions to practice customizing desktop Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Windows XP Professional Hardware Requirements
Minimum requirements: 233 MHz CPU or higher microprocessor 64 MB of RAM (128 MB or more recommended; 4 GB maximum) 1.5 GB of free space VGA (800 x 600) or higher resolution monitor Keyboard Microsoft Mouse or compatible pointing device (optional) Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Windows XP Professional Hardware Requirements (continued)
Recommended requirements: P2 300 MHz CPU or higher microprocessor 128 MB of RAM (4 GB maximum) 2 GB of free space SVGA (800 x 600) or higher resolution monitor 12x or faster CD-ROM drive Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Hardware Compatibility List
Essential piece of documentation Contains all known Windows XP-compatible hardware devices Points to each device’s driver Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Finding the HCL Not always easy
Located on Windows XP CD-ROM in the Support folder Consult most current version of the HCL Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Why the HCL Is So Important
Windows XP controls hardware directly Does not use BIOS Windows XP works only with devices with drivers written specifically for it Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Activity 1-3: Verifying Windows XP Professional Hardware Compatibility
Objective: Check hardware compatibility Open computer case to view components Verify compatibility using HCL Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Networking Models Two networking models: Workgroup Domain
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Workgroup Model All computers are equal Also known as peer-to-peer
Each computer maintains own set of Resources Accounts Security information Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Workgroup Model (continued)
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Domain Model Centralizes all shared resources
Single point of administrative and security control Simpler to manage from administrative and security standpoint Requires at least one domain controller (DC) Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Domain Model (continued)
Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Windows XP Architecture
Internal organization and architecture influence capabilities and behavior Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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The Meaning of Modular Composed of numerous small software elements
Cooperate to provide the system’s networking and computing capabilities Processes operate in User mode Kernel mode Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Activity 1-4: Monitoring Windows XP Activity
Objective: Use Task Manager to view active applications, processes, and performance Follow instructions to use Task Manager Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Memory Architecture Flat 32-bit memory model
Based on a virtual memory, demand paging method Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Summary Two versions: Specific minimum hardware requirements
Windows XP Professional Windows XP Home Edition Specific minimum hardware requirements Can participate in two networking models Workgroup Domain Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Summary (continued) Modular programming technique
User mode hosts all user processes Kernel mode hosts all system processes Virtual memory model uses demand paging Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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70-270: MCSE Guide to Microsoft Windows XP Professional Second Edition, Enhanced Chapter 2: Installing Windows XP Professional
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Objectives Determine if an upgrade is possible
Boot multiple operating systems Plan an installation or upgrade Understand the types of installations available Work with important setup and advanced installation options Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Objectives (continued)
Work with WINNT and WINNT32 Understand partitioning, volume licensing, and activating Windows XP Set up Windows XP Professional and upgrade to multiple processors Remove Windows XP Professional Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Upgrading Versus Installing
Choose between: Upgrading Clean installation Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Upgrading Version of Windows already installed Can preserve settings
Upgrade from: Windows 95 OSR2,Windows 98,Windows 98 SE, and Windows ME Windows NT 4.0 Workstation (with Service Pack 6 or later) Windows 2000 Professional (with any service packs) Windows XP Home Edition Windows 95 Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Upgrade Option From Setup Wizard
Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Clean Installation Installs new version No settings maintained
Good option for system with problems Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Windows XP Upgrade Advisor
Inspects computer to determine if hardware and software are compatible with Windows XP Can only be used on a system with an existing Windows OS Report can be saved to a file for future reference Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Booting Multiple Operating Systems
Install more than one OS on the same computer Should be installed in chronological order XP can be dual-booted with any Microsoft OS Boot loader: Software that shows all currently available operating systems Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Planning The Installation
Careful planning is important Determine whether to do upgrade or clean installation Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Types Of Attended Installations
Choice between: Network installation CD installation Local CD-ROM faster Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Installing over the Network
Launch setup routine from network share \I386 folder on CD contains files Execute WINNT or WINNT32 command Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Activity 2-1: Network Installation Setup
Objective: Prepare a Windows 2000 Server or Windows Server 2003 as a network installation point for Windows XP Professional Follow instructions to share CD-ROM folder and set permissions Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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CD-ROM Installation Launched from Setup Boot Floppies
Use setup boot disks (or floppies) to install from local CD-ROM Preferred method when: Must install storage drivers manually System will not boot from CD No existing OS No network access Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Using a Bootable CD CD is self-booting Most common method
Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Text Mode Setup Used when initializing the setup from any method other than launching Setup from a preexisting Windows OS Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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GUI Setup Method Employs initialization Setup Wizard
Advanced Options for: Source path Systemroot Whether to copy all files from the CD before rebooting Whether to allow manual selection of destination partition during Setup Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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GUI Setup Method (continued)
Decide if you want to upgrade drive with NTFS Dynamic Update: New feature Enables Setup to download updates and patches for Windows XP before installation begins Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Advanced Customized Installation Options
Supports both unattended and customized installation options Requires significant system and setup script preparation and preconfiguration Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Automated Installations
Unattended installations: Similar to attended Answer file provides responses Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Uniqueness Database File (UDF)
Allows override of answer file settings Can be created in notepad Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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UNATTEND.TXT File Contains default settings
Modify with Setup Manager Wizard Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Activity 2-2: Windows XP Support Tools
Objective: Install the Windows XP support tools. Follow instructions to install tools Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Activity 2-3: Unattended Installation Preparation
Objective: Create an answer file for an unattended installation of Windows XP using the Setup Manager Wizard Launch Setup Manager Wizard Create and save answer file Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Using Remote Installation Service (RIS)
Windows Server-based service Allows operating systems to be automatically installed onto target systems over network Admin only needs to power on client Takes advantage of DHCP Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Using Remote Installation Service (RIS) (continued)
Common mistake: Install applications so that only the local administrator has access Causes significant network traffic Solution: dedicate network segment to RIS Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Using Windows Installer Service (WIS)
Simplifies deployment of multiple applications onto new clients Centralizes application installations Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Using Systems Management Server (SMS)
Only used for upgrades Offers automated application installation and configuration settings control Complexity outweighs benefits Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Using Remote Installation Preparation (RIPrep)
Create RIS distributable images of fully configured prototype computer Target system must have same HAL Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Using SYSPREP System duplication tool Duplicates entire hard drive
Systems must have similar core hardware configurations Cannot be used for upgrades Must be used with a third-party disk-imaging product Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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WINNT AND WINNT32 Command-line tools
Function has changed since Windows NT and 2000 Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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WINNT 16-bit setup tool Launched from DOS or OS that relies on DOS
Standard and automated installations with few additional options Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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WINNT Syntax WINNT [/S[:sourcepath]] [/T[:tempdrive]]
[/U[:answer_file]] [/UDF:id[,UDF_file]] [/R:folder][/RX:folder] [/E:command] [/A] Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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WINNT32 32-bit setup tool Launched from 32-bit operating systems
Standard and automated installations Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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WINNT32 Syntax winnt32 [/checkupgradeonly] [/cmd:command_line]
[/cmdcons] [/copydir:i386\folder_name] [/copysource:folder_name] [/debug[level]:[filename]] [/dudisable][/duprepare:pathname] [/dushare:pathname] [/m:folder_name][/makelocalsource] [/noreboot] [/s:sourcepath] [/syspart:drive_letter] [/tempdrive:drive_letter] [/udf:id [,UDB_file]] [/unattend[num]:[answer_file]] Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Partitioning The Hard Disk
Active partition Houses Windows XP boot files To partition: Use the DOS FDISK before installation Or can partition during setup To remove partitions: Use DELPART command Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Activity 2-4: Disk Partitioning
Objective: Remove and create partitions using the FDISK command Boot to DOS Locate and use FDISK Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Volume Licensing Cost effective for multiple machines
Special version of Windows XP Professional installation CD Can purchase from 5 to over 100,000 volume licenses Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Activating Windows XP Product has finite initial functional lifetime
After 30 days must be activated to function Product activation: Type of registration where system hardware is identified and matched with product license Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Activating Windows XP (continued)
Drawbacks: Hardware changes may invalidate activation Difficult if lacking Internet access Can be completed during or after setup Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Windows XP Professional Setup: Step By Step From Floppies Or From A Bootable CD
Not difficult Installation procedure is fairly self-regulating and self-healing Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Activity 2-5: Manual Install of Windows XP
Objective: Install Windows XP without using any of the automated features (unattend file, RIS, imaging, etc.) Follow instructions to perform installation Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Upgrading To Multiple Processors
Update the HAL before installing second CPU into the system Fail to properly update the HAL: STOP error indicating a HAL mismatch occurs upon attempted reboot Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Removing Windows XP Professional
Supported: When upgrade is performed over Windows 95/98/OSR2/SE/ME If installation fails, rollback restores system state Use the Add or Remove Programs applet for uninstall Easiest method for older previous OS: Destroy installation and start fresh with another OS Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Activity 2-6: Removing Windows XP
Objective: Remove Windows XP and prepare the computer for another operating system Follow instructions to remove XP Warning: need to install another OS to use computer Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Summary Choose hardware for a successful installation
Can be installed locally or across network Can use RIS to install from server Must be activated using Product Activation before 30 days Clean install vs. upgrade have different installation options Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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70-270: MCSE Guide to Microsoft Windows XP Professional Second Edition, Enhanced Chapter 3: Using the System Utilities
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Objectives Understand and use the Control Panel applets
Describe the versatility of the Microsoft Management Console Understand Administrative Tools Describe PCMCIA and PC Cards Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Control Panel Overview
Centralized location for management utilities Changes in XP: New applets New view Applet Small application designed for a limited range of function or capability Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Control Panel in Category View
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Control Panel Categories
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Accessibility Options
Special interface features for the visual-, audio-, or movement-impaired user Keyboard tab Sound tab Display tab Mouse tab General tab Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Add Hardware System polls the entire computer for new devices
Attempts to identify them Installs drivers automatically or prompts for alternative source path Add Hardware Wizard Used for manual configuration Device manager Used to manage, configure, and remove installed hardware devices Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Add or Remove Programs Three tools in one: Change or Remove Programs
Add New Programs Add/Remove Windows Components Wizard Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Activity 3-1: Add/Remove Applications
Objective: Review the Windows components that can be added or removed using the Add/Remove Programs Wizard Follow instructions to explore Add/Remove Programs Wizard Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Administrative Tools Shortcut to Administrative Tools option in Start menu Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Date and Time Used to set the calendar date, clock time, and time zone
Clock is set directly in the system’s BIOS Time Zone tab World map Pull-down list of time zones Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Activity 3-2: Setting the Time
Objective: Configure the date, time, and time zone for your computer Set the correct date and time using the Date and Time Applet Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Display Used to make interface changes
Can also be accessed from desktop: Right click, select Properties from popup menu Themes tab Overall visual styling Desktop tab Set wallpaper Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Display (continued) Screen Saver tab Appearance tab Settings tab
Window and button scheme, color scheme, and font size Settings tab Screen resolution and color quality Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Advanced Display Settings
Accessed by: Pressing Advanced button on Settings tab of Display Manage DPI Video card information Screen refresh rate Dualview Use multiple display devices (monitors) Supported by XP Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Activity 3-3: To Add Additional Monitors to Your Configuration
Objective: Add monitors to your configuration Use Settings to add monitors to display Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Folder Options Used to set the functional and visual parameters of the folders on the system Associate file extensions with applications Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Fonts Lists all currently installed fonts Add and remove fonts
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Game Controllers Install and configure
Joysticks Other gaming controls Device-specific properties and troubleshooting aid Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Internet Options Define settings for Internet Explorer
Settings for general Internet access Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Keyboard and Mouse Keyboard applet Mouse applet
Modify keyboard functions Mouse applet Modify mouse settings Switch left and right buttons Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Network Connections Manage all network connections Includes: LAN RAS
WAN Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Activity 3-4: Configuring Windows XP for Standalone Use
Objective: Configure Windows XP to run as a standalone computer Use System applet to specify that computer is for home use Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Phone and Modem Options
Define dialing locations Install and configure modems Configure Remote Access Service (RAS) and Telephony API (TAPI) Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Power Options Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Activity 3-5: Configuring Power Options
Objective: Learn how to configure power options Follow instructions to create a power scheme Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Printers and Faxes Install, share, and configure many types of output devices Not just for physical print devices: Film printers Slide printers Faxes Manage print queue Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Regional and Language Options
Regional Options tab Define location-specific uses or requirements for: Numbers Currency Time and dates Languages tab Configure default input language Input locale Combination language and keyboard layout Used to define how data is entered into computer Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Scanners and Cameras Install drivers
Configure digital cameras and optical scanners Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Scheduled Tasks Automate starting and running various tasks
Add Scheduled Task Wizard Step-by-step scheduling Can be moved from system to system Define administrative actions or batch files on single computer Place on client systems Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Activity 3-6: Scheduling Tasks
Objective: Use Scheduled Tasks to automatically start an application (Calc.exe) at a specified time Use Scheduled Tasks Wizard to launch application at scheduled time Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Sounds and Audio Devices
Customize the sound scheme Set master volume Configure speakers Set audio device preferences Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Activity 3-7: Custom Sound
Objective: Customize the sounds for different events on the computer Follow instructions to configure sound on system shutdown Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Speech Text-to-speech capability reads document text
Microsoft’s Speech API (SAPI) Distinct from the Narrator Accessibility Accessory Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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System Most important Control Panel applet Driver signing
Identifies drivers that have passed the Microsoft Windows Hardware Quality Labs evaluation and tests Device Manager Lists all installed and known devices Indicates device status Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Activity 3-8: Managing Devices
Objective: Verify that there are no problems with the CD-ROM drive using Device Manager Follow instructions to export Device Manager Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Activity 3-9: Hardware Resource Configuration
Objective: Use Device Manager to verify and configure the resources for hardware Follow instructions to set manual configuration for a device Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Activity 3-10: Multiple Hardware Configurations
Objective: Use hardware profiles to set up different hardware configurations for a workstation Follow instructions to create a new hardware profile Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Activity 3-11: The Mobile Computer
Objective: Create a hardware profile that does not use a NIC Create a new hardware profile that does not access a network via a NIC Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Taskbar and Start Menu Controls taskbar appearance
Controls Notification Area settings Display clock Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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User Accounts Create and manage Access the Local Users and Groups tool
Local user accounts Passwords .NET passports Access the Local Users and Groups tool Specify whether Ctrl+Alt+Delete is required to log on Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Microsoft Management Console Overview
Provides structured environment for consoles, snap-ins, and extensions Provides consistent interface for all management tools Settings and layout options can be stored as an .msc file Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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The MMC Console Like a document window Console tree Details pane
Left pane Loaded snap-ins and extensions are listed Details pane Right pane Details associated with the active item from the console tree Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Snap-Ins Adds control mechanisms to the MMC console for specific service or object Standalone snap-ins: Provide main functions for system administration and control Extension snap-ins Add functionality to standalone snap-ins Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Using the MMC MMC tools found mainly in Administrative Tools
Can also be used to create your own custom consoles Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Activity 3-12: Microsoft Management Console
Objective: Create an MMC for managing the local computer Follow instructions to create an MMC Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Administrative Tools Component Services Data Sources (ODBC)
Event Viewer Local Security Policy Performance Services Computer Management. Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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PCMCIA Or PC Cards Credit card-sized devices Can be:
Memory expansions SCSI cards NICs Modems Automatically handled by Windows XP Three types of PCMCIA card Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Summary Control Panel contains applets to configure everything from System to Display System applet is most important Manages hardware profiles, driver signing, device configuration, driver rollback, startup and recovery options MMC provides interface for management tasks Administrative tools configure events, security, services, etc. Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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70-270: MCSE Guide to Microsoft Windows XP Professional Second Edition, Enhanced Chapter 4: Managing Windows XP File Systems and Storage
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Objectives Understand basic and dynamic storage
Understand the drive configurations supported by Windows XP Understand the FAT, FAT32, and NTFS file systems Understand Windows XP drive, volume, and partition maintenance and administration Understand how to manage folder-level properties Understand permissions, sharing, and other issues related to file systems Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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File Storage Basics Basic storage Dynamic storage
Centers on partitioning physical disk Dynamic storage New method supported only by Windows XP and Windows 2000 Based on volumes, not partitions Allows for more flexibility in drive configurations Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Basic Storage Traditional method of dividing a hard drive into partitions Partition Logical division of the physical space on a hard drive Must be formatted before they can be used Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Activity 4-1: Creating a Disk Partition
Objective: Use Disk Management to create a new partition Use Computer Management tool to create a partition Primary partition Can be marked active Used to boot the computer Extended partition Can be subdivided into additional divisions or drives called logical drives Cannot be used to boot computer Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Activity 4-2: Activating a Partition
Objective: Use Disk Management to make a different partition active Follow instructions to mark partition active Volumes Two to 32 partitions combined into a single logical structure formatted with a single file system Represented in the operating system by a single drive letter Should be as large as file system/OS allows Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Dynamic Storage Does not use partitions
Views an entire physical hard drive as a single entity Drives belong to the OS on which they were created Existing drives with partitions can be upgraded to dynamic storage Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Activity 4-3: Creating a New Volume/Activity
Objective: Use the Disk Management tool to create a new volume and format it with a file system Follow instructions to create a new volume using Computer Management Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Activity 4-4: Converting From Basic to Dynamic
Objective: Use Disk Management to convert a basic disk to a dynamic disk. Follow instructions to convert drive Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Activity 4-5: Creating a New Volume on a Dynamic Disk
Objective: Create a volume on a dynamic disk Create a new volume on the disk created in the previous activity. Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Activity 4-6: Extending a Volume
Objective: Use Disk Management to extend a volume Volume is extended to cover two drives Good technique when drive runs out of space Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Activity 4-7: Reverting From Dynamic to Basic
Objective: Use Disk Management to convert a dynamic disk back to a basic disk Volumes on drive must be removed before drive is converted Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Drive Configurations Simple volume Spanned volume Striped volume
All or part of a single drive Spanned volume Two or more parts (up to 32) of one or more drives, or a volume configuration of two or more entire drives Striped volume Two or more volumes (up to 32) of one or more drives or two or more entire drives (up to 32) Do not provide any fault tolerance Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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File Systems XP supported file systems: NTFS FAT FAT32
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FAT and FAT32 For backwards compatibility with older systems
Supports volumes up to 4 GB in size Most efficient on volumes smaller than 256 MB Root directory can contain only 512 entries No file-level compression No file-level security Maximum file size is 2 GB Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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NTFS Support for volumes up to 2 TB in size
Most efficient on volumes larger than 10 MB Root directory can contain unlimited entries File-level compression File-level security File-level encryption Disk quotas, which are a means to limit drive space consumption by users Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Converting File Systems
To convert: Reformat drive with new file system Use Convert utility to convert FAT/FAT32 to NTFS Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Activity 4-8: Converting To NTFS
Objective: Use the CONVERT command to convert a FAT partition to NTFS Follow instructions to convert partition Proceed only if the conversion of this volume will not compromise your system Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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File Compression Ability to compress data on the basis of single files, folders, or entire volumes Benefit Able to store more data in the same space Drawback Performance suffers due to compressing and uncompressing Must have Full Control to compress object Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Activity 4-9: Compressing and Decompressing A Folder
Objective: Use Windows Explorer to compress and decompress a folder and its contents Practice compressing folders using the folder Properties Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Disk Management Actions
Disk Management tool All Tasks menu Context sensitive menu Options to create, remove and configure Disks Volumes Partitions Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Activity 4-10: Changing Drive Letters
Objective: Change the letter assigned to a drive using the right-click menu Use Disk Management tool to change drive letter Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Activity 4-11: Deleting a Partition
Objective: Delete a partition Follow instructions to use Disk Management to remove a partition Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Activity 4-12: Deleting a Volume
Objective: Use Disk Management to delete a volume Follow instructions to use Disk Management to remove a volume Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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The Properties Dialog Boxes
Offer additional details and configuration settings for: Drives Volumes Partitions Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Drive Letters and Mount Points
Grant applications and user interface utilities access to file system resources A & B: Used for floppies C through Z Used for local hard drives or mappings for network shares Mount point Alternative to drive letters Connects a FAT/FAT32 or NTFS volume or partition to an empty directory on an NTFS volume or partition Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Activity 4-13: Creating a New Mounted Volume
Objective: Create a mount point on an NTFS folder using Disk Management. Create a new map point to Partition B Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Activity 4-14: Deleting a Mounted Volume
Objective: Delete the mounted volume that was created in the last activity Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Disk Cleanup Tool used to free up space on hard drives by removing deleted, orphaned, temporary, or downloaded files Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Check Disk Inspection utility
Examines disk integrity and locates both logical and physical errors on a hard drive Called ScanDisk Check Disk in earlier versions of Windows Used after improper shutdown Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Defragmentation Fragmentation Defragmentation
Division of a file into two or more parts Each part stored in a different location on the hard drive Defragmentation Reorganize files so they are stored contiguously and no gaps are left between files Disk Defragmenter utility Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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FSUTIL Powerful command-line utility Only used by administrators
Help and Support Center Contains online documentation Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Folder Options Used to set the functional and visual parameters of the folders on the system General tab View tab File Types tab Offline Files tab Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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File System Object Level Properties
Accessed through Properties dialog boxes of folder or object Minor differences depending on file system Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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NTFS Folder Object General tab: Sharing tab Security tab
General information (name, size, etc.) Sharing tab Security tab Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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FAT/FAT32 Folder Object General tab: Sharing tab Customize tab
Name, type, location, etc. Sharing tab Customize tab Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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NTFS File Object Three common tabs:
General Sharing Security Other tabs depending on object type Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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FAT/FAT32 File Object General tab Other tabs depending on object type
Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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NTFS-Mounted Volume Object
General tab Sharing tab Security tab Customize tab Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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FAT/FAT32-Mounted Volume Object
General tab Sharing tab Customize tab Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Managing NTFS Permissions
Only file system supported by Windows XP that offers file-level security Determines what can be done to a file system object and who can perform those actions Different permissions for folders and files Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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NTFS File and Folder Permissions
Read Write List folder contents Read & execute Modify Full control Configured on the Security tab of object’s Properties dialog box Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Rules for Working With NTFS Permissions
NTFS object permissions always apply Permissions are cumulative Override any contradictory settings on the parent or container folder Deny overrides all other specific Allows Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Inheritance of Permissions
New object assumes permissions of parent container Moving or copying an object from NTFS to FAT NTFS settings are lost Object inherits the FAT attributes and settings of its new container Moving or copying an object from FAT to NTFS Object inherits NTFS settings and permissions of its new container Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Troubleshooting Access and Permission Problems
Most access problems: Resource object has wrong settings Or user account has wrong settings Avoid Common problems: Grant permission only as needed. Rely upon NTFS to restrict access Grant Full Control only when necessary, even on shares Change permissions on a folder level, allow changes to affect all child elements Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Simple File Sharing Used when quick and easy file sharing is needed
Commonly used in home networks No granular permission control Effective only when Windows XP is a member of workgroup Dragging and dropping folders and drives into Shared Documents folder Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Managing Shared Folders
Sharing tab Found on both FAT/FAT32 and NTFS folder Properties dialog boxes Used to enable remote access Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Activity 4-15: Creating a Share
Objective: Create a share using Windows Explorer for a specific group Activity requires that Windows XP be installed and that an NTFS partition is present. Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Activity 4-16: Creating and Removing a Share
Objective: Use Windows Explorer to create and then remove a share Activity requires that Windows XP be installed and that an NTFS partition is present Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Activity 4-17: Mapping a Network Drive
Objective: Use Windows Explorer to map a drive to a network share Activity requires that the Windows XP Professional be a client on a network with at least one shared folder available for mapping Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Working With Media Folders and The Customize Tab
My Documents, My Music, and My Pictures folders Default storage locations for: Documents Music files Images Top-level media folders cannot be altered Customize tab Used to define type of folder the mount point represents Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Zipping Files and Compressed Folders
Zipped files Preferred method of moving large or multiple files around over the Internet Compressed files that house one or more files into a single .zip file Zipping capabilities built into file system of XP Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Burning CDs Support for writing files to a blank recordable CD Included in XP Ability to duplicate CDs Record audio CDs from other audio CDs or music files (through Windows Media Player) Erase CD-RWs Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Activity 4-18: Copying Files to a CD
Objective: Use Windows XP’s built-in CD-burning software to copy files from the disk drive to a CD Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Using Offline Files Work with network files when not connected to network Does not change normal access methods Maintains the duplicate offline version of the files Redirections completely unseen by user Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Activity 4-19: Accessing Offline Files
Objective: Make files located on the network available while not connected to the network Use Windows Explorer to make files available offline Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Folder Redirection Alter physical storage location of commonly used folders Redirect to a network server Retain original local access methods To configure: Local users alter location of My Documents folder Group policy redirects to a share on a network server Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Removable Media Include any storage device installed onto a Windows XP system Tape devices DVD and CD-ROM drives Optical drives Zip and Jaz drives Can be configured through Device Manager Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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The Microsoft Distributed File System
Windows 2000 or Windows .NET Server-hosted service Manipulate and manage shared resources Single hierarchical system Single access point for logical tree structure No regard to physical location of resources Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Summary Volumes and partitions formatted with NTFS, FAT, or FAT32
NTFS recommended Disk-related utilities are Disk Cleanup, Check Disk, Disk Defragmenter File system objects have Properties XP includes support for simple file sharing, zipped files, CD burning, folder redirection, management of removable media, and DFS Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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70-270: MCSE Guide to Microsoft Windows XP Professional Chapter 5: Users, Groups, Profiles, and Policies
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Objectives Understand Windows XP Professional user accounts
Understand the different types of logons Understand how to log on to Windows XP Understand naming conventions Create and manage local user accounts Planning groups and system groups 70-270: MCSE Guide to Microsoft Windows XP Professional
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Objectives (continue)
Work with Windows XP as a domain client Create user profiles Work with group policies Troubleshoot cached credentials Understand the Files and Settings Transfer Wizard and the User State Migration Tool (USMT) 70-270: MCSE Guide to Microsoft Windows XP Professional
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Windows XP Professional User Accounts
Designed for use as a network client for: Windows NT Windows 2000 Windows Server 2003 Member of a workgroup Standalone operating system 70-270: MCSE Guide to Microsoft Windows XP Professional
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Types of Windows XP Professional User Accounts
Local user account Exists on a single computer No domain access Domain user account Exists throughout a domain Can be used on any domain member computer 70-270: MCSE Guide to Microsoft Windows XP Professional
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How Accounts Interact with a Windows XP Professional System
Standalone system, automatic logon Standalone system Workgroup member Domain network client 70-270: MCSE Guide to Microsoft Windows XP Professional
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Supporting More Than One User
Multiple-user systems Implemented through: Groups Resources Policies Profiles 70-270: MCSE Guide to Microsoft Windows XP Professional
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Types of Logon Logon authentication has two purposes:
Maintain security Track computer usage 70-270: MCSE Guide to Microsoft Windows XP Professional
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Windows Welcome Logon Method
Completely new logon method Designed for use on standalone or workgroup member systems List of user accounts with icons Fast User Switching, Switch users without logoff 70-270: MCSE Guide to Microsoft Windows XP Professional
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Classic Logon Method Press Ctrl+Alt+Delete to access WinLogon security dialog box Required for domain member systems 70-270: MCSE Guide to Microsoft Windows XP Professional
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Logging On to Windows XP
XP automatically creates accounts Administrator Guest 70-270: MCSE Guide to Microsoft Windows XP Professional
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Administrator Most powerful user account possible
Unlimited access and unrestricted privileges Must be protected from misuse Complicated password should be used Should rename this account 70-270: MCSE Guide to Microsoft Windows XP Professional
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Administrator (continued)
Characteristics: Cannot be deleted Cannot be locked out Can be disabled Can have a blank password (however, this is not recommended) Can be renamed (which is recommended) Cannot be removed from the Administrators local group 70-270: MCSE Guide to Microsoft Windows XP Professional
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Guest One of the least privileged user accounts
Limited access to resources and computer activities Should rename account Member of the Everyone group Recommended to leave the Guest account disabled 70-270: MCSE Guide to Microsoft Windows XP Professional
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Guest (continued) Characteristics: Cannot be deleted Can be locked out
Can be disabled (it is disabled by default) Can have a blank password (it is blank by default) Can be renamed (which is recommended) Can be removed from the Guests local group 70-270: MCSE Guide to Microsoft Windows XP Professional
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Naming Conventions Predetermined process for creating names on network or standalone system Should incorporate a scheme for: User accounts Computers Directories Network shares Printers Servers 70-270: MCSE Guide to Microsoft Windows XP Professional
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Managing Local User Accounts
Two types: Local representations of domain/network user accounts Created from scratch locally User Accounts applet Used to create local representation Local Users and Groups snap-in Used to create accounts from scratch 70-270: MCSE Guide to Microsoft Windows XP Professional
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User Accounts Applet Users tab Advanced tab Lists active users
Add New User wizard to add users Advanced tab Access to Password and passport management Advanced user management Secure logon settings 70-270: MCSE Guide to Microsoft Windows XP Professional
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Local Users and Groups Create and manage local users
Console tree nodes: Users Groups 70-270: MCSE Guide to Microsoft Windows XP Professional
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Planning Groups and System Groups
Plan how to manage groups Pair groups with resources for administrative control Ongoing administrative task: Adding and removing users from groups 70-270: MCSE Guide to Microsoft Windows XP Professional
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Working with Groups You’ve Made
Must have a Windows NT, 2000, or Server 2003 in client/server environment Resource Has local groups assigned to it Global user groups Assigned to local resource groups Users Assigned to global groups 70-270: MCSE Guide to Microsoft Windows XP Professional
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Assigning users access to resources using groups
70-270: MCSE Guide to Microsoft Windows XP Professional
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Working with Default Groups
Administrators Backup Operators Guests Network Configuration Operators Power Users 70-270: MCSE Guide to Microsoft Windows XP Professional
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Working with Default Groups (continued)
Remote Desktop Users Replicator Users HelpServicesGroup 70-270: MCSE Guide to Microsoft Windows XP Professional
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Working with System Groups and Other Important Groups
Built-in system-controlled groups Preexisting groups Cannot be edited Used by system to control or place restrictions on specific groups of users based on activities 70-270: MCSE Guide to Microsoft Windows XP Professional
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Windows XP as a Domain Client
Can serve as a client to an Active Directory domain Centralized control of user accounts and overall security Resources centrally located Management of access easier than a workgroup network 70-270: MCSE Guide to Microsoft Windows XP Professional
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Adding a System as a Domain Client
Add a Windows XP Professional system as a client in domain network: Administrator creates computer account in the domain Computer account in the domain is generated from the client Remove a client from a domain: Join a workgroup 70-270: MCSE Guide to Microsoft Windows XP Professional
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Controlling a Domain Client
Domain enforces control using group policy objects (GPOs) GPOs Registry templates Forced onto a system each time it starts or each time a user logs on Domain-level version of the local security policy 70-270: MCSE Guide to Microsoft Windows XP Professional
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Access to Systems and Resources by a Domain Client
Only members of domain can access systems and resources within domain Resources accessed through My Network Places 70-270: MCSE Guide to Microsoft Windows XP Professional
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Group Types assigned by a Domain Client
Administrators Backup Operators Guests HelpServicesGroup Network Configuration Operators 70-270: MCSE Guide to Microsoft Windows XP Professional
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Group Types assigned by a Domain Client (continued)
Power Users Remote Desktop Users Replicator Users 70-270: MCSE Guide to Microsoft Windows XP Professional
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Active Directory Domain Containers
Logical: Domain Organizational Unit (OU) Physical: Site 70-270: MCSE Guide to Microsoft Windows XP Professional
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User Profiles Collection of desktop and environmental configurations
Computer maintains profile for each user Material such as: Application data My Documents Cookies Etc. 70-270: MCSE Guide to Microsoft Windows XP Professional
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Local Profiles Set of specifications and preferences
For an individual user Stored on local machine Reside in the %username% subdirectory beneath the \Documents and Settings directory Set up by example Saved on logout 70-270: MCSE Guide to Microsoft Windows XP Professional
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Roaming Profiles Resides on a network server
Automatically downloaded to any system when user logs on Default path designation: \\computername\username 70-270: MCSE Guide to Microsoft Windows XP Professional
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Application of Group Policies
Several security and access controls Group policies (GPOs) can be defined for: Domain Sites Organizational units (OUs) Local computer group policy managed from a Windows XP Professional system Policies applied in order: LSDOU (local, site, domain, organizational unit) 70-270: MCSE Guide to Microsoft Windows XP Professional
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Password Policy Defines the restrictions on passwords
Includes password age, length, etc. 70-270: MCSE Guide to Microsoft Windows XP Professional
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Account Lockout Policy
Conditions that result when a user account is locked out Used to prevent brute force attacks against user accounts Items: Account lockout threshold Account lockout duration Reset account lockout counter after 70-270: MCSE Guide to Microsoft Windows XP Professional
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Audit Policy Defines events recorded in Security log of Event Viewer
Used to track resource usage Items (not full list): Audit directory service access Audit logon events Audit account logon events Audit system events 70-270: MCSE Guide to Microsoft Windows XP Professional
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User Rights Assignment
Defines which groups or users can perform the specific privileged action Items (not full list): Access this computer from the network Back up files and directories Change the system time Load and unload device drivers Profile single process Shut down the system 70-270: MCSE Guide to Microsoft Windows XP Professional
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Security Options Controls various security features, functions, and controls of environment Items (not full list): Accounts Devices Domain member Microsoft network server 70-270: MCSE Guide to Microsoft Windows XP Professional
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Group Policies Domain-level version of the local security policy
Two primary divisions: Computer Configuration User Configuration 70-270: MCSE Guide to Microsoft Windows XP Professional
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Troubleshooting Cached Credentials
Automatically caches user’s credentials in the Registry When domain logon or .NET Passport logon is performed Can be disabled: Enable the group policy setting of Interactive logon Set the cachedlogonscount Registry value to 0 70-270: MCSE Guide to Microsoft Windows XP Professional
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Files and Settings Transfer Wizard
Move data files and personal desktop settings from another computer to new Windows XP Professional system Must have some sort of network connection between the two systems Transfer files from Windows 95, 98, SE, Me, NT, 2000, or XP systems Transfer process can take considerable time 70-270: MCSE Guide to Microsoft Windows XP Professional
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User State Migration Tool (USMT)
Supports migration to user data from Windows 9x, Windows NT Workstation 4.0, and Windows 2000 Professional to a Windows XP Professional system Able to transfer the same files and settings that the Files and Settings Transfer Wizard can Fully configurable and scriptable 70-270: MCSE Guide to Microsoft Windows XP Professional
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User State Migration Tool (USMT) (continued)
Two command-line utilities: ScanState LoadState Read instructions and control parameters from INF files Used to create a backup of the user data Used to copy the data onto new target system 70-270: MCSE Guide to Microsoft Windows XP Professional
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Summary Three types of users: Users are collected into groups
Locally created users Imported users Domain users Users are collected into groups Simplifies management and grant access or privileges There are two built-in users, Administrator and Guest, and several built-in groups Profiles can be local or roaming 70-270: MCSE Guide to Microsoft Windows XP Professional
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Summary (continued) Group policies are domain-level versions of the local security policy. The Files and Settings Transfer Wizard Used to move data files and personal desktop settings from one system to another. The User State Migration Tool Used for enterprise migrations 70-270: MCSE Guide to Microsoft Windows XP Professional
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70-270: MCSE Guide to Microsoft Windows XP Professional Second Edition, Enhanced Chapter 6: Windows XP Security and Access Controls
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Objectives Describe the Windows XP security model, and the key role of logon authentication Work with access control and customize the logon process Disable the default username Discuss domain security concepts Understand the local computer policy Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Objectives (continued)
Enable and use auditing Encrypt NTFS files, folders, or drives using the Encrypting File System (EFS) Understand and implement Internet security Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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The Windows XP Security Model
User must logon with: Valid user ID Password User receives access token Access token String of bits representing user Attached to processes Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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The Windows XP Security Model (continued)
Access token Compared with ACL (Access Control List) Domain security Centered on Active Directory Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Active Directory Centralized database containing: Manages: Security
Configuration Communication information Manages: Information about domain Resources shared by network Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Logon Authentication Logon is mandatory Logon process components:
Identification Authentication Password authentication typically used Access token attached to shell process Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Shell Defines environment inside which user executes programs or spawns other processes Default: Windows Explorer Defines desktop, start menu, etc. Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Resources as Objects Access to individual resources controlled at object level Everything in environment is an object Identified by type Type determines Permitted range of contents Kinds of operations Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Resources as Objects (continued)
Service How object can be manipulated Attributes Named characteristics Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Access Control Logon process Mandatory logon Restricted user mode
Initiated with Ctrl+Alt+Delete Hardware interrupt cannot be imitated Mandatory logon Restricted user mode Physical logon User profiles Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Customizing the Logon Process
Administrator can alter default process Winlogon process: Produces logon dialog box Controls automated logon Warning text Display of Shutdown button Display of last user to log onto system Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Disabling the Default Username
Logon window Displays name of the last user to logon Can be unsecure DontDisplayLastUserName Regisry setting Edit with: Local Computer Policy utility Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Adding a Security Warning Message
Might be legally obligated to add a warning message Settings in Registry: LegalNoticeCaption LegalNoticeText Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Changing the Shell Default shell Change Registry setting
Windows Explorer Change Registry setting Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Disabling the Shutdown Button
Windows XP logon window includes Shutdown button Potential for unwanted system shutdowns ShutdownWithoutLogon Registry setting Users can still physically power-off machine Winlogon settings for: Laptop Sleep mode Other advanced shutdown settings Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Automating Logons Values for username and password can be coded into Registry to automate logons Registry settings: DefaultDomainName DefaultUserName DefaultPassword AutoAdminLogon Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Automatic Account Lockout
Disables account Predetermined number of failed logins Predetermined amount of time Default: Unlimited number of attempts Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Domain Security Concepts and Systems
Collection of computers with centrally managed security and activities Offers: Increased security Centralized control Broader access to resources Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Domain Security Overview
Control of: User accounts Group memberships Resource access for all members of a network instead of only a single computer Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Domain Controller Windows 2000 Server Windows Server 2003 system
Active Directory support services installed and configured Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Kerberos and Authentication Services
Authentication conditions: Interactive logon Press attention sequence Enter username and password Network authentication Attempt to connect to or access resources from some other member of the domain network Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Kerberos and Authentication Services (continued)
Kerberos version 5: Used for communication between local system and domain controller May be used in network authentication Primary protocol for authentication security Verifies identify of client and server Designed to allow two parties to exchange private information across an open network Assigns unique key to each user that logs on to network Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Kerberos and Authentication Services (continued)
Secure Socket Layer/Transport Layer Security (SSL/TLS) Authentication scheme often used by Web-based applications Supported on Windows XP through IIS (Internet Information Server). Uses third-party Certificate Authority Client sends its certificate to the server Uses encrypted communication link Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Kerberos and Authentication Services (continued)
NTLM (NT LAN Manager) authentication Used by Windows NT 4.0 Supported by XP for backwards compatibility Uses static encryption level (40-bit or 128-bit) to encrypt traffic between a client and server Less secure than Kerberos Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Local Computer Policy Combination of controls Other names:
System policies Control panel applets Registry settings Other names: Software policy Environmental policy Windows XP policy Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Local Computer Policy (continued)
Local system’s group policy Effective policy: Result of combination of all group policies applicable to system Controlled on a domain basis on a Windows domain controller Add Global Policy snap-in to MMC Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Local Computer Policy (continued)
Local Group Policy tool Also called Local Security Policy tool Accessed from Administrative Tools Local computer policy contents: Determined during installation Based on: System configuration Existing devices Selected options and components Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Local Computer Policy (continued)
Custom policies: Created through the use of .adm files Local group policy: System.adm file Local Computer Policy snap-in Divided into two sections: User Configuration Computer Configuration Contains over 300 individual controls Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Computer Configuration
Subnodes: Software Settings The Windows Settings folder: Scripts Security Settings Administrative Templates folder Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Public Key Policies Three purposes
Offers additional controls over the Encrypting File System (EFS) Enables the issuing of certificates Allows you to establish trust in a certificate authority Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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IP Security Policies Security measure added to TCP/IP
Protects communications between two systems using that protocol Can be used over a RAS or WAN link Creates a secured point-to-point link between two systems Configured and enabled with Advanced TCP/IP Settings dialog box Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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IP Security Policies (continued)
Modes: Transport Tunneling Predefined IPSec policies: Client (Respond Only) Server (Request Security) Secure Server (Require Security) Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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IP Security Policies (continued)
Authentication methods: Kerberos version 5 Default and preferred Public key certificate authentication Preshared key Less secure Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Administrative Templates
Offer controls on a wide range of environmental functions and features Registry based group policy information Used to overwrite Registry to force compliance with group policy Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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User Configuration Subfolders: Software Settings
Windows Settings folder Administrative Templates folder Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Security Configuration and Analysis Tool
MMC snap-in Used to: Analyze Configure Export Validate system security based on a security template Seven predefined security templates Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Security Configuration and Analysis Tool (continued)
Checks system’s current configuration against selected security template Produces a report of discrepancies Apply security templates to system Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Secedit Command-line version of Security Configuration and Analysis tool Favored by administrators Can be scripted Four functions: Analyze Configure Export Validate Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Auditing Security process
Records occurrence of specific operating system events inSecurity log Every object has audit events related to it Event Viewer Maintains logs about: Application events Security events System events Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Event Properties Dialog Box
Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Encrypting File System
Allows you to encrypt data stored on an NTFS drive Only enabling user can gain access to encrypted object Enabled using Properties dialog Uses public and private key encryption method Encryption process is invisible to user Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Encrypting File System (continued)
Recovery Agent Used to recover encrypted files Required for EFS to function CIPHER Command-line tool for batch processing of encryption Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Internet Security Risks Protection:
Unwittingly downloading Trojan horses or viruses, Accepting malicious Allowing a remote cracker to take complete control of your computer Protection: Security features for standalone or LAN system Internet Connection Firewall Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Summary Object-level access controls Winlogon controls how users logon
Local computer policy controls many aspects of the security system as well as enabling or restricting specific functions and features of the operating system Encrypting File System (EFS) protects data with an encryption system Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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70-270: MCSE Guide to Microsoft Windows XP Professional Second Edition, Enhanced Chapter 9: Printing and Faxing
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Objectives Understand Windows XP print terminology and architecture
Work with the Windows XP print subsystem architecture Work with printer driver software Print across the network and understand the printing process Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Objectives Install and manage printers
Configure a printer and manage the print server Troubleshoot printing Configure Windows XP fax capabilities Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Windows XP Printing Terminology
Microsoft uses unique terminology Important to know for certification exam Terms: Creating a printer Direct-attached printer Network interface printer Print device Print Server services Printer (logical printer) Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Windows XP Printing Terminology (continued)
Terms: Printer driver Printer pool Rendering Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Windows XP Print Subsystem Architecture
Several components that: Turn print data into a printable file Transfer that file to a printer Manage multiple print jobs Components: GDI Printer driver Print spooler Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Graphical Device Interface
Begins the process of producing visual output Output goes to: Screen Printer Makes WYSIWYG output possible Calls printer driver Provides information about data to be rendered Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Printer Driver Windows XP software component
Application communicate with printer through IP Manager Executive Services module in the Windows XP kernel Subcomponents: Printer graphics driver Printer interface driver Characterization data file Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Printer Driver (continued)
Not compatible across hardware platforms Must make sure that necessary drivers are available for proper platforms Some Windows OS will download the driver from the print server automatically Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Print Spooler Spoolsv.exe Collection of DLLs and device drivers
Print jobs are: Received Processed Scheduled Distributed Part of the Spooler service Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Print Spooler (continued)
Components: Print router Local and remote print providers Print processors Print monitor Data types: EMF RAW Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Print Router Sends print requests from clients to print server
Requests are routed to appropriate print provider Remote procedure calls from client’s print router (Winspool.drv) to the server’s print router (Spoolss.dll) Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Print Provider Server-side software
Sends print job to server in the format required by that server Print providers: Windows XP print provider (Win32Spl.dll) NetWare print provider (Nwprovau.dll) Writes contents of the print job to spool file Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Print Processor Works with the printer driver to despool spool files during playback Makes needed changes to spool file according to its data type PostScript program Built-in Windows print processor understands EMF data files Three kinds of RAW data files Text files Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Print Monitor Two monitors: Supported port monitors: Language monitor
Used only if the print device is bidirectional Port monitor. Controls flow of information to the I/O port Supported port monitors: Local port monitor (Localmon.dll) Hewlett-Packard network port monitor (Hpmon.dll) Line printer (LPR) port monitor (Lprmon.dll) Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Supported Port Monitors
AppleTalk port monitor (Sfmmon.dll) DEC network port monitor (Decpsmon.dll) Lexmark Mark Vision port monitor (Lexmon.dll) NetWare port monitor (Nwmon.dll) Standard TCP/IP port monitor (SFM) Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) port monitor PJL monitor (Pjlmon.dll) Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Printer Driver Software
Provides an interface between the client and the printer Print drivers: Take application-specific file data Translate data into formats suitable for printing Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Printing Across the Network
By far the most common print scenario on Microsoft networks Typical options: Print to printer connected to print server through a parallel or serial port Print to printer connected directly to network Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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The Printing Process Application calls GDI Print job passed to spooler
Print router passes the job to the local print provider Local print provider polls the print processors, passing the job to the processor that recognizes the selected printer Print job is despooled to the print monitor Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Installing and Managing Printers
Printers and Faxes window Create a printer Add a printer command in the Quick List Set properties: Right-click printer Choose Properties from shortcut menu Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Creating a Local Printer
Setting up a printer for local use Add a printer command Answer questions: Is the printer local or on the network? To which port will the printer be connected? What is the make and model of the printer? What do you want the printer to be named? Do you want the printer to be the default for all print jobs? Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Connecting to a Remote Printer
Add a printer link in the Printers and Faxes window Choose to connect to a network printer Choose from list of shared printers Don’t have to install drivers locally Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Managing Print Jobs Printers and Faxes window Manage print queues
Double-click the icon for printer Window displays all current print jobs Select job Choose the appropriate menu option Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Configuring A Printer Use printer Properties dialog box
Right-click printer in the Printers and Faxes window Choose Properties Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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General Tab Variety of controls Features and paper sizes
Printing Preferences button launches dialog: Orientation Duplexing Page order Pages per sheet Etc. Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Sharing Tab Like Sharing tab used when creating shared directory
Select “Share this printer” option button Provide Share name for printer Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Ports Tab Adjust settings for ports selected for use with a particular print device Includes: Interrupts Base I/O addresses Bidirectional printing option Checked for printers that are able to send status information back to the print monitor Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Printer Pool Configured on Ports tab
More than one print device assigned to single logical printer Should be physically close Fastest printer should be first Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Advanced Tab Printer hours Priority Spooling options
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Spooling Options Define how print jobs are managed
Default options usually work well Print directly to printer Wait to print until spooling is complete Holding mismatched documents Other options Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Separator Page Codes Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Color Management Tab Used to associate a color profile with a color printer. Color profile Controls how color is produced by the printer Only used by printers supporting color Automatic selection usually determines best color profile to use Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Security Tab Similar to those for secure files and directories
Set permissions for printer Three main permissions for printers: Print Manage Documents Manage Printers Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Advanced Security Settings
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Device Settings Tab Used to make sure that the print device itself is configured properly May be subject to change printer upgraded: Memory Paper trays and other accessories Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Printers And The Web Includes Web support in print subsystem
Remote users can: Submit print jobs for printing View printer queues Download print drivers Accessible only when print server is running Internet Information Server (IIS) Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Managing the Print Server
Print Server Properties dialog box Forms tab Used to define paper sizes Ports tab Lists all known ports and installed printers on those ports Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Managing the Print Server (continued)
Drivers tab Lists the installed printer drivers Advanced tab Control over spool file location and several events Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Troubleshooting Printing Problems
Identify which of the seven components of the printing process is failing Look for documented solutions Implement a short-term solution Implement a long-term solution, if possible Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Troubleshooting Printing in General
Check the physical aspects of the printer Start and restart the spooler Terminate and reshare the printer on the print server Try using a different application, user account, or computer to print to the same printer Check for stalled print jobs Make sure the printer is online Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Troubleshooting Printing in General (continued)
Remove or uninstall, and then reinstall the print driver Check for a new or updated print driver Check the free space on the drive where the spooler is directed Try using the Print Troubleshooter Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Troubleshooting Network Printing
Verify basic network connectivity Create local printer and redirect its port to network printer Print from a DOS-based program Ping printer’s IP address Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Stopping and Restarting the Print Spooler
Use Services tool in Administrative Tools Sometimes, stopping and restarting the Spooler service can clear up problems that are difficult to troubleshoot Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Fax Support Printers and Faxes applet Not enabled by default
Install and configure fax components Not enabled by default Must have a fax-capable device installed Manually configure faxing in order to receive faxes Cannot be shared under Windows XP Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Summary The GDI, printer driver, and print spooler are responsible for printing documents Printers are added and configured using Add Printer Wizard Can be troubleshoot printer problems by following a defined series of steps Faxing is configured using the Printers and Faxes applet Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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70-270: MCSE Guide to Microsoft Windows XP Professional Second Edition, Enhanced Chapter 10: Performance Tuning
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Objectives Create a performance baseline
Understand the performance and monitoring tools found in Windows XP Professional Log and use logged activity Use performance tuning in the system applet Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Objectives (continued)
Detect and eliminate bottlenecks Boost Windows XP Professional performance Optimize performance for mobile Windows XP users Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Establishing a Baseline
Measure system behavior Key elements: Recorded observations about characteristics and behavior of computer system Recorded by creating a Counter log Collecting data at regular intervals Establish definition of what a normal load looks like Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Monitoring and Performance Tuning
Thorough understanding of system components Continued observation of those components Performance tuning Changing a system’s configuration systematically Carefully observing performance before and after Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Task Manager Provides overview of current state of computer To access:
Press Ctrl+Alt+Delete. Press Ctrl+Shift+Esc. Right-click any unoccupied area on the Windows XP taskbar and select Task Manager from the menu that appears Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Task Manager (continued)
Tabs: Application Processes Performance Networking Users in Task Manager Only appears in special circumstances Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Task Manager, Application tab
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Task Manager, Networking Tab
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System Monitor Performance monitoring tool
Monitor many different events concurrently Analyze network operations Identify trends and bottlenecks Determine system capacity Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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System Monitor (continued)
Notify administrators when thresholds are exceeded Track performance of individual system devices Monitor local or remote computers Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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System Monitor (continued)
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Realtime Monitoring Process of viewing the measured data from one or more counters in the System Monitor display area Formats: Graph Histogram Report Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Add Counters Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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System Monitor Properties
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Logging and Using Logged Activity
Two types of logging capabilities Counter log: Records data from selected counters at regular, defined intervals Allows you to define exactly which counters are recorded Trace log: Records nonconfigurable data from designated provider only when events occur Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Logging and Using Logged Activity (continued)
Trace log: Operating system environment status dumps Measure data continually Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Counter Logs Node Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Alerts Automated watchdog that informs you when counter crosses a defined threshold, high or low Can consist of one or more counter/instance-based alert definitions Focuses on one or all counters Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Setting an Alert Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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When an Alert is Triggered
Log an entry in the application event log Send a network message to … Start performance data log Run this program … Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Event Viewer Tool for examining the performance and activities on a system Tracks all events generated by the operating system Event: Anything that causes event detail to be created in one of the logs that Event Viewer manages Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Event Viewer Log Files System Application Security
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Event Viewer, System Log
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Event Types Information Warning Error Success Audit Failure Audit
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Event Log Entry Event’s date and time Source
Category (such as Logon or Logoff ) Event number Name of the account that generated the event Name of the computer on which the event occurred Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Performance Options Adjust system performance based on applications and virtual memory Tasks: Optimize processor scheduling Optimize memory usage Manage size of paging file Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Performance Options (continued)
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Setting Application Priority
32 levels of application priority Determine which process should gain access to the CPU Users have minimal control over priority Priority Levels: 0–15—User-accessible process priorities 16–31—System-accessible process priorities 0–6—Low user range Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Setting Application Priority (continued)
Priority Levels: 4—Low value (as set in Task Manager, or with /low parameter to Start command) 5—Below-Normal value (as set in Task Manager) 7—Normal (default setting for user processes) 8–15—High user range 10—Above-Normal value (as set in Task Manager) 13—High value (as set in Task Manager, or with /high parameter to Start command) Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Setting Application Priority (continued)
Priority Levels: 16–24—Realtime values accessible to Administrator-level accounts 24—Realtime value (as set in Task Manager, or with /realtime parameter to Start command) 25–31—Realtime values accessible to operating system only Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Performance Tuning in the System Applet
Advanced tab of System Applet Category View: Start, Control Panel, Performance and Maintenance, then click the System icon in the Control Panel section Windows Classic view: Start, Control Panel, System. Next, select the Advanced tab, and then click the Settings button in the Performance pane Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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The Visual Effects Tab Control how Windows XP handles computer display when managing screen output Settings: Adjust for best appearance Adjust for best performance Custom Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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The Visual Effects/Advanced Tabs
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The Advanced Tab Panes: Processor scheduling Memory usage
Virtual memory Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Virtual Memory Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Recognizing and Handling Bottlenecks
Limitation in single component slows down entire system Always exist in any computer No single bottleneck monitor Goal: Make bottlenecks unnoticeable for everyday functions Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Recognizing and Handling Bottlenecks (continued)
Create a baseline for a computer Compare baseline observations to current system behavior Investigate more common causes of system problems Make changes to system configuration Test impact of any fix you try Some fixes are more expensive than others Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Common Bottlenecks Disk bottlenecks: Memory bottlenecks:
Disk-related counters increase more dramatically than other counters Disk queue lengths become unacceptably long Memory bottlenecks: Make sure that the paging file is working as efficiently as possible Detect excessive paging activity Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Common Bottlenecks (continued)
Processor bottlenecks: Processor object’s % Processor time counter stays consistently above 80% System object’s Processor Queue Length counter remains fixed near a value of 2 or more CPU is being overworked Two CPUs do not double performance Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Network Bottlenecks Not typical on most Windows XP Professional machines Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Eight Ways to Boost Windows XP Professional Performance
Buy a faster machine Upgrade an existing machine Install a faster CPU Add more L2 cache Add more RAM Replace the disk subsystem Increase paging file size Increase application priority Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Optimizing Performance for Mobile Windows XP Users
Substantially same as managing performance for network-connected machines Key resources: RAM Disk CPU Communications Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Optimizing Performance for Mobile Windows XP Users (continued)
Make sure network interface appears higher in the binding order than a modem or other slower link device File synchronization settings do not require machines to synchronize when running on battery Use hibernate and standby modes Refresh rates should be extended Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Summary Number of tools to monitor system performance Task Manager
View applications Processes Overall system performance Performance console includes: System Monitor Log files Alerts Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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Summary (continued) Event Viewer Isolate and correct any bottlenecks
Tracks logs generated by system Isolate and correct any bottlenecks Guide to MCSE , Second Edition, Enhanced
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