1. Intelligent parking system based on RFID
Qingye Chen
Group 3

2. Inspiration
The Galleria (the largest mall in Texas and ninth-largest in the United States)

3. Contents Intelligent parking system Basic concepts
Technology used in the IPS
Purpose & Challenges
RFID
Principle
Application
A RFID-based parking system
Framework
Collision
Anti-collision algorithm

4. Intelligent parking system
Histroy: The first version of the system was deployed on the Prius Hybrid sold in Japan in In 2006, an upgraded version debuted for the first time outside Japan on the Lexus LS luxury sedan, which featured the automatic parking technology among other brand new inventions from Toyota. In 2009, the system appeared on the third generation Prius sold in the U.S. Basic function: The intelligent parking system assists drivers in parking their vehicle, finding their way in the parking lots and retriving their cars. It is designed based on the traditional parking lots framework, and upgraded by modern communication technology.

5. Intelligent parking system
What is the shortcoming of this system? 1, Electricity outage 2, Waiting time(when too many customers) 3, Expensive

6. Intelligent parking system
Technology used in the IPS
Sensoring technology: pressure sensor, infrared sensor, ect.
Communication technology: RFID, blue tooth, ZigBee, WIFI, ect.
Allocation algorithm: RSSI, TOA, TOAD

7. Intelligent parking system
Some features of above two types of sensors: Pressure sensor: one of the most frequently used, low consumption, low cost Infraed sensor: one of the most frequently used, accurancy, efficiency

8. Intelligent parking system
Purposes:
1, Alleviate the traffic congestion in the city, reduce the cost of transportation, and serve the intelligent city.
2, Solve the problem of finding the right spot for parking and retriving the car
3, Minimize the waste of humen resource

9. Intelligent parking system
Challenges:
1, The implementation of all kinds of sensor nodes requires accuracy.
2, Allocation algorithm.
3, Anti-collision algorithm.

10. Q&A
How does IPS related to IoT?

11. RFID
Some terminology: 1, Electronic tag: Stay in the dormant state before entering the working area 2, Activator: Activate the tag and send out information(ID) to it 3, Reader: Receive the signal sent by the tag

12. RFID
Concept:
Radio-frequency identification (RFID) uses electromagnetic fields to automatically identify and track tags attached to objects. The tags contain electronically stored information. Passive tags collect energy from a nearby RFID reader's interrogating radio waves. Active tags have a local power source such as a battery and may operate at hundreds of meters from the RFID reader. Unlike a barcode, the tag need not be within the line of sight of the reader, so it may be embedded in the tracked object. RFID is one method for Automatic Identification and Data Capture.

13. RFID Application: 1, Transportation location
2, Medical monitoring system
3, Supply chain and logistics management
4, Manufacturing process
5, Navigation

14. RFID Problems and concerns:
1, Useless data: A large amount of data may be generated that is not useful for managing inventory or other applications
2, Global standardization: The frequencies used for RFID in the USA are currently incompatible with those of Europe or Japan
3, Security concerns: A primary RFID security concern is the illicit tracking of RFID tags

15. A RFID-based parking system
Framework:

16. A RFID-based parking system

17. A RFID-based parking system
RSSI algorithm:
Received signal strength indication (RSSI) measurement principle: RSSI measurement calculates the signal loss in the dissemination process with the theory or experience loss of signal propagation model. Common propagation path loss model is free space propagation model, the logarithmic distance path loss model, hata model. The logarithmic distance path loss model is shown by equation

18. A RFID-based parking system
Collision: 1, Collision of readers: overlap of frequency range 2, Collision of tags: multiple tags within the same range of one reader

19. A RFID-based parking system
Collision:

20. A RFID-based parking system
The importance of anti-collision algorithm analysis:
In a typical RFID system, a RFID reader remotely recognizes unique objects and ranging them by communicating with attached tags using a pre-defined algorithm. The task for the reader is required to identify tags as quickly as possible which causes tag responses to collide at the reader as multiple tags transmit simultaneously, when communicating over shared wireless channels. This tag collision problem hinders fast identification. As the reader can not recognize multiple tags simultaneously due to signal collisions, efficient and fast anti-collision algorithms are especially important in RFID systems.

21. Thank you
Questions?