1. Ναυτικές Επικοινωνίες /IT
Μεταπτυχιακό Πρόγραμμα Σπουδών «νέες Τεχνολογίες στην Ναυτιλία και Μεταφορές
Α’ Εξάμηνο
Τεχνολογίες Πληροφορικής & Επικοινωνιών
Ναυτικές Επικοινωνίες /IT
Ν.Νικητάκος, καθ. Παν. Αιγαίου
Δ.Παπαχρήστος, ΕΔΙΠ

2. I.T. for Shipping Transportation
Intelligent Shipping
Drivers
Satellite Communication, Communication Management
AIS, VDR, Electronic charts, VTMIS, Ports Technology
IT in Maritime Training
Maritime software, E-services
The future

3. IT for shipping
Availability of timely, relevant and reliable information for :
company operations
ship operations
services to users (e.g. seafarers, forwarders, authorities, public)
for improved
efficiency and
safety

4. Drivers for Intelligent Shipping
Growing onboard automation and complexity (e.g.)
Engineering monitoring and control systems
Decision support
ISM management and reporting
General administration
Personal data exchanges
Wider range of available bearers (e.g.)
GSM
VHF
UMTS
Increased demands and spending on communications and its management

5. The Context Challenges - in shipping Economic growth
competitiveness / technology expansion
regulations, safety at seas
environment/Road traffic congestion
better seamless services

6. The Information Society
Transformation of the society
convergence of CCC
From Internet and Mobile Communications revolution in 1990’s towards integration of their platforms
e-business
social benefit

7. Global Satellite Navigation Business Process integration
Intelligent Shipping
Traffic
Management Info
Geographic
Info. delivery
Global Satellite Navigation
Integrated Transport
Services
Business Process integration
Chartering Support
Service Providers
Information Infrastructure and Services
On-board system integration
- IST applications integration support platform
- ISM code support
- ISC protocol, performance assessment
- Emergencies monitoring
- Communications management
- Ship/fleet management support
- Pilot assistance
- Hull stress monitoring, prediction & record
- Data fusion and HCI
Interconnecting Transport Services
- Resource management
- Tracking and tracing
- Traffic cargo supervision
- Freight information
- Passenger information
- port/terminal management

8. Satellite communication infrastructure and products
Inmarsat
Thuraya
Globalstar
Iridium
VSATs
GALILEO

9. Satellite Communications
Communications Satellite Every spaceborne platform rotated around the Earth dedicated to provide communication services through the reflection/retransmission of radio waves
Uplink: Connection from Earth Station to Satellite
Downlink connection from satellite to earth station
GEO: Geostationary Earth Orbit ( Km)
MEO: Medium Earth Orbit
LEO: Low Earth Orbit

10. Satellite Footprints
If you translate the globe of the earth to a normal map projection, and the torch
was located at 15.5 degrees West the beam of light, and therefore the satellites
Global beam would be enclosed by the red line.
36,000km
If you had a torch located over the equator and at the orbital altitude of a
geostationary satellite (36,000km from earth), and pointed its beam of light
directly at the earth, the torchlight would illuminate an area of the earth.
Remember that light only shines in a line of sight and does not bend. The
resulting beam would be the same as the global beam of a communications
satellite and the area covered is known as the footprint.
In the same way, if the light from the torch was concentrated in a smaller beam,
like a spotlight at a theatre, the resulting coverage on earth would be much
smaller but with a higher concentration of energy. The spot beams of
geostationary satellites act in the same way. This gives frequency reuse and
allows smaller antennas to be used on the mobiles.
If you also translate footprint of the spot beam onto this map the footprint of would show up as shown in yellow.
Please note that this diagram is to illustrate the theory and does not imply the exact location of footprints.

11. System Components Space Segment Ground Support Facilities Gateways
Land Earth Stations (LES)
Ground Earth Stations (GES)
User Equipment
Mobile Earth Stations (MES)
Ship Earth Stations (SES)
Land Mobile Earth Stations (LMES)
Aircraft Earth Stations (AES)

12. Operational Spacecraft Status
Pacific Ocean Region
Inmarsat-3 F3
178 Degrees East
Indian Ocean Region
Inmarsat-4 F1
64 Degrees East
Atlantic Ocean
Region East
Inmarsat-3 F2
15.5 Degrees West
Atlantic Ocean Region West
Inmarsat-4 F2
53 Degrees West
SPACECRAFT STATUS
Each of the four Inmarsat ocean regions has its own satellites and this diagram
shows accurately the positions at which the satellites are located. There
are also spare space craft,"in-orbit hot spares" which are available in
the event of failure.
The orbital locations of the satellites are as follows:-
Main Spare
Ocean Satellite Satellite
Region name orbital pos'n name orbital pos'n
AOR-E Inmarsat-2 F degs W Marecs B degs W
AOR-W Inmarsat-2 F4 54 degs W Intelsat MCS B 50 degs W
IOR Inmarsat-2 F degs E Intelsat MCS A 66 degs E
POR Inmarsat-2 F degs E Intelsat MCS D 180 degs E
The Inmarsat-2 satellites, which are wholly owned and operated by
Inmarsat, first generation satellites which are the in-orbit spares are owned and operated by other organisations such as Eutelsat, Intelsat etc. and capacity is
leased by Inmarsat for use.

13. Inmarsat – Total Satellite Coverage

16. Inmarsat A Original Inmarsat system Introduced in 1982
Analogue system, offering:
Distress Priority Calls/Messaging
Telephone
Telex
Voice band data & fax
High Speed Data Option 56/64Kbps
Inmarsat A will cease operation 31st December 2007

17. Inmarsat B Inmarsats first Digital system Introduced in 1994
Distress Priority Calls/Messaging
Digital Telephone
Telex
Guaranteed Digital data &
High Speed Data Option 56/64Kbps

18. Data & Messaging System
Inmarsat C
Store and Forward
Data & Messaging System
Data Reporting & Polling
(Position monitoring,
tracking and security)
Introduced in January 1991
Max message size 32Kbytes
Message/Data delivery to:
Mainstay of the GMDSS
Distress alerting
Telex, Fax (text only)
A national requirement for
many fishery control agencies.
Distress priority messaging
Short Access Codes
(e.g. Code 41 Weather Observations)
Also used by many shipping
companies world-wide.
Enhanced Group Calling
Internet/X.400
Identification, tracking and
Security presently being
discussed at the IMO.
SafetyNET
Another Inmarsat C Mobile
FleetNET

19. Similar to Inmarsat C but with lower power consumption
Inmarsat Mini-C
Similar to Inmarsat C but
with lower power
consumption
Smaller physical size,
cheaper to buy
Provides all “Standard”
Inmarsat C
Communications services
SOLAS model now available

20. for use within the GMDSS
Inmarsat Fleet – F77
Fully digital system
75-90cm antenna size
Global voice, data and fax
Group3 fax -9.6K, G4 fax- 64K
Mobile Packet Data Service
For “Always-on” data capability
64Kbps ISDN circuit
switched capability
128Kbps ISDN circuit
switched data
F77 is approved by the IMO
for use within the GMDSS
F55 and F33 are NOT

21. Enhanced Group Calling (EGC) services
EGC SafetyNET (GMDSS)
Distribution of Maritime Safety Information (MSI)
Navigational warnings
Meteorological warnings
Weather forecasts
Distress alert relay (shore-to-ship)
Search and Rescue coordination
Other urgent information
EGC FleetNET (Commercial)
Distribution of commercial information
E.g. Weather routing, company messages etc.

22. Enhanced Group Calling (EGC)

23. EPIRB 406 Mhz (Automatic)

24. Transceiver VHF

25. Class-B VHF/DSC Controller/Ch.70 WKR

26. Requirements of Communications Mngt
Support data and non-data (voice-based) exchanges
Support interactive and store and forward data exchange
Automate communications management
Be suitable for fitting on a wide range of ship types
Provide bearer usage accounting
Provide bearer access control
Exploit all available bearers when not being used in a GMDSS role
The requirements capture phase identified a number of features that the COMMAN should support. The key features are listed
<<pause>>
0:20

27. Functional Structure IP system Database Email system Management HCI
Interactive services (e.g. WWW)
The COMMAN server
Inmarsat A
Remote Monitoring (REMAX)
IP system
Inmarsat M
Windows NT RAS and drivers
Automatic data
reporting
GSM
Database
EDSRR
VHF
Management HCI
NaviSailor
The demonstrator contains two key sub-systems which are supported by system management software.
Needs expanding
0:20
VHF
Safety
Management
system
Inmarsat C
client
User applications and services
The COMMAN Single Data Node
Bearer Services
COMMAN developments
Industry applications
Commercial products

28. Electronic Position Fixing
GNSS - Global Navigation Satellite System
GPS - Global Positioning System (U.S.)
GLONASS (Russian)
others?
GPS
< 100 meters error 95% of the time
< 300 meters error 99.99% of the time
Differential GPS:
10 meters advertised
meters routinely
Kinematic GPS: 3 cm accuracy

29. Electronic Charts Two Categories of Display
ECDIS
ECS
Two types of Electronic Charts
Raster
Vector
Evolving Technology
Regulatory/Standards Setting
Division of Labor: Gov’t & Private Sector
Users vs.. Producers

30. ECDIS Electronic Chart Display & Information System
IMO Performance Standard
IEC Technical/Certification Standard
“Big Ship” Device
large/costly
Slow to Evolve/Change
Vector charts not widely available
Hydrographic Offices
Commercial Producers
Not in Wide Use
ECDIS

31. ECS Electronic Chart System Generic Term Broad range of capability
Targets widely diverse user groups
Standards not set/accepted by gov’t.
Raster & Vector Charts More Available
H.O. vs. Commercial Producers
Updating Service
In Wide Use
Aid to Navigation or Principle Means?

32. Raster Electronic Charts
Video reproduction of paper chart
Widely available
Updating in place (NOAA product)
No data to support “Intelligent Navigation”
Screen clutter
Limited acceptance by Maritime Safety Administrations

33. Automatic Identification System
System for Automatic Recognition and Monitoring of Ships (from Ships or Earth Stations )
Based on Self Organizing Time Division Multiple Access Technology.
The bearer ship is transmitting on constant basis information concerning position, course (course over ground & heading), speed , load , and other maritime info.
Το A.I.S. Είναι ένα σύστημα αυτόματης ανταλλαγής πληροφοριών με τη βοήθεια του οποίου το πλοίο που το φέρει μπορεί να αναγνωρίζει την ταυτότητα όλων των παραπλεόντων πλοίων που φέρουν και αυτά αντίστοιχο σύστημα, μπορεί όμως επίσης να αναγνωρίζεται από τα παραπλέοντα πλοία και από σταθμούς ξηράς που έχουν παρόμοιο εξοπλισμό.
Για την ανταλλαγή των πληροφοριών το σύστημα χρησιμοποιεί αναμεταδότες (transponders) αυτόματης επικοινωνίας στους διεθνείς διαύλους VHF 87Β (161,975) Μηζ και 88Β (162,025 Μηζ).
Για την μετάδοση των ψηφιακών πληροφοριών και των εκπομπών (κλήσεων) «ερώτησης» (Interrogation) χρησιμοποιείται η τεχνική «αυτό- οργανούμενη διαίρεση χρόνου πολλαπλής πρόσβασης» (Self Organizing Time Division Multiple Access-SODMA) (είναι η Αρχή της πολύπλεξης του χρόνου που εφαρμόζεται στα δίκτυα Η/Υ). Οι πληροφορίες εκπέμπονται κατά χρονικά διαστήματα αφήνοντας κενά διαστήματα για την λήψη εκπομπών των άλλων πλοίων και των σταθμών ξηράς.

34. BASIC STRUCTURE OF A.I.S.
μια ολόκληρη υποδομή στη ξηρά από Radar και δίκτυα υπολογιστών και αναμεταδότες VHF (transponders) με χρήση ακόμα και δορυφορικών επικοινωνιών.
Στο σύνολό του αποτελεί ένα μεγάλο σύστημα που μπορεί και παρέχει πληροφόρηση για όλα τα στοιχεία κάθε πλοίου που είναι καταχωρημένα σε μια προσβάσιμη βάση δεδομένων.
Για την κανονική και αδιάλειπτη λειτουργία του συστήματος στην ανοικτή θάλασσα αλλά και στις παράκτιες περιοχές και στα διάφορα λιμάνια σε όλο τον κόσμο, οι δίαυλοι 87 και 88 του VHF διατίθενται αποκλειστικά για το AIS και δεν επιτρέπεται οποιαδήποτε άλλη χρήση τους.

35. A.I.S. OF HAMBURG PORT
Εδώ βλέπουμε μια εικόνα από την δοκιμαστική εφαρμογή του AIS στο λιμάνι του Αμβούργου
Διακρίνουμε δύο πλοία που κινούνται σε αντίθετες κατευθύνσεις με ένδειξη των διανυσμάτων ταχύτητας τους που επικοινωνούν αυτόματα μέσω συστημάτων AIS που φέρουν τα πλοία, αλλά και ο σταθμός ξηράς.

36. AIS Elements Display Assemble Communicate ARPA Laptop HDG COG Speed
GPS/
DGPS
ECDIS
ECS
Displays incoming
vessel information on
a suitable device
Gathers vessel movement
information and assembles
it into an AIS compliant
data sentence.
Initiates and controls the
flow of data sentences
between participating units

37. Ship To Ship AIS Dual channel system: safe channel switching
AIS 1 (Simplex Ship-Ship)
Channel 228B (for example)
AIS 2 (Simplex Ship-Ship)
Channel 283B (for example)
Dual channel system:
safe channel switching
mitigates RF interference
doubles capacity
Self-organizing, randomized
Independent of shore stations
Situational awareness displays
Automatic identification
Ship-ship text messaging
DCS compatible for frequency
channel management
Simplex & duplex channels
Narrowband (12.5 KHz)
compatible

38. Voyage Data Recording

39. VDR Definition: (Resolution IMO A.861(20) παρ. 4.1)
The Voyage Data Recoding is a full electronic system which includes all appropriate interfaces with ship’s sensors for collecting data, coding and processing data and storing them in a unit.

40. VTMIS FUNCTIONS
__ Static vessel data (physical characteristics, owner,
agent, etc.)
__ Dynamic vessel data (cargo, previous voyage
movements, planned voyage movements, etc.)
__ Records of incidents (planned/ unplanned events,
accidents)
__ Resource allocation (pilots, berths, etc.)
__ Accounting information (time in port, piloting
charges, cargo loaded, etc.)

42. PORTS - Why? Larger, Deeper Ships Fixed port infrastructure
Safety Margins Disappearing
Economic pressure on shipping
& ports increasing
Public intolerance for accidents growing
Existing predictive systems inadequate
Existing real-time data inaccessible

43. Vessel Traffic Management Information System
Key Technologies:
GPS
CCTV
Weather Stations
GIS
EDI
Standards
EDIFACT

44. Vehicle Traffic Management System
Key Technologies:
Traffic Monitoring Sensors
CCTV Cameras
Image Recognition
Traffic Signals
Variable Message Signs
Lane Control/Variable Speed Limit Signs
GIS
GPS
Intelligent Bus stops
Parking Management Subsystem

45. Passenger Guidance & Processing System
Key Technologies:
Guidance
Electronic Display Boards
Public Address Systems
Processing
Check in points
Security Checking points
Passport Control
Image Recognition

46. Access Control & Security System
Security & Access Control Issues addressed:
Security on the waterways
Security on locks and dams
Terminal parameter security (e.g., fences, alarms)
Access/Egress security (vehicles, passengers, vendors, etc)
Security on inland transportation modes
Screening and detection equipment for cargo

47. Emergency Management System
A system that:
Draws information from other systems of the port
Upon detection of a serious threat by another system, initiates and manages the response of emergency services and the information flow to services & public

48. Cargo Processing Management System
The System:
Manages and Optimizes all the processes of Cargo Handling
Especially with regards to container management CPMS have reached a level of high sophistication

49. Cargo Processing Management System
Key Technologies:
GPS
RFID
Barcode Scanning
ERP
EDI

50. Communication Systems
Requirements
Ample bandwidth to cover equipment needs
High Level of reliability in harsh environment
Open Standards
Monitoring and Control through an integrated and centralized Control Center
Future Proofing
Scalability

51. Communications Systems
Key Technologies overview:
Internet technologies (TCP/IP)
Wireless Communications
VHF/UHF RF
TETRA
GSM
GPRS 3G
RFID
EDGE
Wi-Fi (IEEE )
Wi-Max (IEEE )

52. A glimpse into the future
The Technology
The evolution of Wireless Communications together with the evolution of Internet Technologies is opening the way for mobile computing
Vessels & Vehicles are becoming more “intelligent”
Information provision that is now customized to the needs of the users (not broadcasted) is the next revolution
Integrated environments together with high processing capabilities can respond to the above need
The Port
will have to respond to the new needs while always keeping a high level of Service

53. An intelligent Port Management System (iPMS)
An iPMS
Brings all the systems of the port on an integrated platform
With sophisticated processing techniques it can serve & introduce functionalities that were not feasible before

54. iPMS Architecture

55. intelligent Port Control Center (iPCC)
An Integrated Port Control Center becomes the single strategic & tactical C&C center during “business as usual” as well as emergency situations
Collects and disseminates information from/to all systems

56. IT and Maritime Training
Decline of interest in seafaring profession
Shortage of ex-ship officers for shore-based positions
The impacts of new technologies in terms of reorganization of crew duties are vital
Maritime personnel needs to be polyvalent
Need for the European MET system to meet the challenges
Need to give to the seafarers additional knowledge and skills and the motivation to improve their soft skills

57. IT and Maritime Training
Automation and Information Technology is bringing a new business culture onboard
Need to develop Computer based training packages around training and not technology
Need for applications that help the diffusion of tacit knowledge that crewmembers might have
Cooperation between shipping companies and Maritime Educational Institutes is needed for the achievement of a safety culture and a lifelong training culture
IT and Maritime Training

58. Learning Theories and Methods
Traditional distance learning
Well prepared printed material
Audio and Video Production
Well structured presented content and drill and practice-like exercises: called CBTs (Computer Based Training)
Web based electronic material accompanying by well structured closed questions and simple exercises for assessment and self-assessment.
Modern learning approaches
Learner centred systems
Situated thinking and Authentic Learning activities and context
Self directed learning and training does not mean that learners are isolated
Collaborative and cooperative work is central in learning and training process

59. Pedagogical model for maritime training
An appropriate pedagogical model for maritime training should be based on:
Learner centered training approach / need to motivate the seafarer to learn
Conditions of authentic learning activities and contexts (natural or virtual)
Rich social context
Design of rich learning environment and material
Advanced training technology based environment
Real world conditions
Cooperative work
Higher order thinking
New role for trainers
Need to support seafarers to alter career from ship to shore based positions

60. SLIM-VRT System Architecture

66. OPERATION (DECK LOG) NOON POSITION PORT INFORMATION ARRIVALS
DEPARTURES
SHIP MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE SOLUTIONS

67. 2. DAMAGE REPORT

68. TECHNICAL MAINTENANCE
SHIP MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE SOLUTIONS

69. 2. SURVEY

70. 3. CERTIFICATES

71. 4. ENGINE LOG
SHIP MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE SOLUTIONS

72. QUALITY CONTROL ISM & ISO
1. DOCUMENT CONTROL

73. 2. ADVANCE WARNING

74. AIR POLLUTION (PORT STATE CONTROL)

75. INERT GAS SYSTEM PLAN

76. MARINE DATA SOFTWARE

77. SHIP DESIGN PROGRAMS

78. MARITIME PROJECT MANAGEMENT

79. DIESEL ENGINE ANALYSER

80. Market Overview
The market of electronic services deals with the facilitation of critical maritime business tasks and processes.
Providers of electronic maritime services and solutions are fulfilling more and more the present needs of their customers and are getting prepared to cover the emerging ones.
Great efforts are made by software solution providers in order to link applications (integration), to gain competitive advantage and provide continuous support.

81. Categorization of Electronic Maritime Services and Solutions
Communication Software/Teleconference
Planned Maintenance / Ship Performance / Monitoring/ Hull & Machinery Maintenance
ISM & ISPS Code Monitoring 
Inventory Control (Provisions/Stores/Spares)
Electronic Procurement (Provisions/Stores/Spares)
Operations/ Voyage Management
Crew Manning/Human Resource Management
Financial Applications/ MGA
Chartering & S&P Solutions
Maritime Electronic Marketplaces

82. IT in Maritime Sector
The future

83. What is expected for 2009 3G Mobiles (UMTS) : Up to 2 Mb/s in the hand
Number of Mobile telephones connected to the Web will be higher than those of the PCs
E-commerce Business volume €xyzBn by 2009
New user interfaces

84. 4 Largest Cellular Markets
350
Europe: Single standard, seamless service provision, economies of scale, articulated policy, international roaming
US: Competing standards, no seamless service provision
Japan: Lack of spectrum, proprietary standard (I-mode)
Europe
300
250
200
Cellular Subscribers (Million)
China
150
US=97Million end of June 2000
J= 59Million end of March 2000
USA
100
Japan 50
GSM Total Subscribers million (to end of August 2000) 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03

85. Requirements & options
Seamless services
re-use of information
openness
costs
added value services
lessons learnt

86. Future Digital Shipping

87. THE ITS EVOLUTION IST Telematics
Specific Applications for Specific Devices
IST
Multiple Applications in Universal Devices
Future “Full access and interaction” In the mobile sector

88. Vision IST for transport
“build the Mobile Society within the Information Society”
where
the Intelligent Means of Transport
are fully interactive with the Intelligent Infrastructure