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Endocrine and Hormones
By Alaina Darby
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Endocrine Pharmacology
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Which of the following is not a type of cellular communication?
Autocrine Paracrine Endocrine Exocrine d
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Which of the following is correctly matched?
Endocrine glands have ducts Exocrine glands release hormones Endocrine glands have remote sites of action Exocrine glands secrete to non-specific sites c
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What is part of the classical proof of an endocrine gland?
Transplanting a functional gland into the organism and observing results Administration of radiolabeled antibodies that have an affinity for that hormone Removal of the gland produces abnormal symptoms which purified hormone relieves Injection of an antagonist for the hormone receptor blocks the effects and produces abnormal symptoms in the organism c
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Which of the following is not a primary function of hormones?
Reproduction Homeostasis Growth and development Digestion Energy production, utilization and storage d
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Which of the following causes a longer duration of action? Agonist
Antagonist Higher affinity Down regulation Higher sensitivity d
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Which of the following causes a greater response? Agonist Antagonist
Higher affinity Down regulation Higher sensitivity e
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What describes affinity? Reciprocal of the dissociation constant Ki
Opposite reciprocal of the dissociation constant a
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Which of the following is a type of membrane receptor? Tyrosine kinase
Phospholipase C Adenylate cyclase G protein a
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Which of these is not a ligand that binds to nuclear receptors?
Steroid Insulin Sterol Thyroid hormone Vitamin D b
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Which of the following is true?
Hormones can bind directly to the hormone response element region Nuclear receptors regulate protein synthesis through DNA transcription Nuclear receptors bind to promoters immediately adjacent to the gene of interest Nuclear receptor binding to the hormone response element always increases transcription b
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Which is true about co-activators? They bind directly to DNA
They acetylate DNA They increase availability of response elements Only one is able to bind to a steroid receptor binding site at a time c
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Which of the following is true about Vitamin D?
It binds to a membrane receptor Its binding to the Vitamin D receptor is dependent upon retinol It causes a decrease in CaBP Its action is dependent on RXR d
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Regulating growth and development Stimulating the reproductive system
Which of the following is are hormones of the adenohypophysis not essential for? Regulating growth and development Stimulating the reproductive system Energy production Providing a response to stress Regulating intermediary metabolism c
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Which of the following does not control adenohypophysis hormone synthesis and secretion?
Hypothalamic factors Thalamic factors Peripheral hormones Drugs b
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Which of these hormones is secreted from the adenohypophysis? Insulin
ACTH Oxytocin CRH b
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Which of these hormones is secreted from the posterior pituitary?
Insulin ACTH Oxytocin CRH c
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Which of these hormones is secreted from the hypothalamus? Insulin
ACTH Oxytocin CRH d
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Which of these hormones is secreted by half of the endocrine cells in the anterior pituitary?
PRL ACTH TSH GH LH/FSH d
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Which of these hormones is secreted by 20% of the endocrine cells in the anterior pituitary?
PRL ACTH TSH GH LH/FSH b
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Which of these hormones is secreted by 15% of the endocrine cells in the anterior pituitary?
PRL ACTH TSH GH LH/FSH a
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Which of these hormones is secreted by 5% of the endocrine cells in the anterior pituitary?
PRL ACTH TSH GH LH/FSH c
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Which of these is paired correctly (1st stimulates the 2nd)? GnRH; GH
CRH; TSH TRH; Prolactin GHRH; LH/FSH c
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Which of the following classes does prolactin fall under? Somatotropic
Glycoprotein Proopiomelanocortin-derived a
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Which of the following classes does ACTH fall under? Somatotropic
Glycoprotein Proopiomelanocortin-derived c
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Which of the following classes does GH fall under? Somatotropic
Glycoprotein Proopiomelanocortin-derived a
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Which of the following classes does TSH fall under? Somatotropic
Glycoprotein Proopiomelanocortin-derived b
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Which of the following is a glycoprotein hormone? CG ACTH GH Prl
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Which hormone does somatostatin negatively regulate? Prl TSH GHRH CRH
b
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Where does GH directly act? Fat Bones Muscle Cartilage
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Which of the following is not a use for hGH?
Growth deficiency in children Cardiovascular disease in adults Growth deficiency in adults AIDS associated wasting c
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What is the generic name of all GH that is identical with hGH?
Genotropin Humatrope Nutropin Serstim Somatropin e
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Which is true of GH therapy?
It is most effective in the first 5 years in children It is continued until age 20 It causes many side effects It commonly causes peripheral edema, carpal tunnel, arthralgia and myalgia in children It should not be used within 1-2 years following pediatric tumors e
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Which of the following is used to treat gigantism and acromegaly?
Somatrem Somatropin Octreotide Bromocriptine c
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Which of the following commonly occurs in patients with acromegaly?
Sleep apnea Headache Carpal tunnel Myalgia a
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Which of the following is a symptom of hyperprolactinemia in men?
Galactorrhea Amenorrhea Infertility Increased libido c
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Which of the following is used to treat hyperprolactinemia? Menotropin
Follitropin Bromocriptine Octreotide c
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Which of the following inhibits prolactin production? Norepinephrine
Somatostatin Dopamine Epinephrine Cholesterol c
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What hormone regulates synthesis of LH and FSH? GHRH Somatostatin
Estrogen Testosterone GnRH e
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What hormone do pregnancy diagnostic kits measure? CG LH FSH Estrogen
Progesterone a
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What hormone is used to predict time of ovulation? CG LH FSH Estrogen
Progesterone b
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What hormone is taken from the urine of pregnant women? CG LH FSH
Estrogen Progesterone a
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What hormone is taken from the urine of postmenopausal women? CG FSH
Estrogen Progesterone b
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Estrogens/ Progestins
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Which of the following is a natural estrogen? Equilin
Ethinyl estradiol Estrone Estronol c
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Which of the following is the least potent? Estradiol Estriol Estrone
b
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Which of the following is the most potent? Estradiol Estriol Estrone
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Which of the following is formed from other estrogens in the liver and adipose tissue?
Estradiol Estriol Estrone b
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Which of the following is the principal ovarian steroid? Estradiol
Estriol Estrone a
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Which of the following can be made directly from andostenedione?
Estradiol Estriol Estrone c
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Which of the following can be synthesized directly from testosterone?
Estradiol Estriol Estrone a
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16α-hydroxyestrone is synthesized from which of the following?
Estradiol Estriol Estrone c
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Which of the following is synthesized from 16α- hydroxyestrone as an intermediate?
Estradiol Estriol Estrone b
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Which of the following is not synthesized using aromatase in the last step?
Estradiol Estriol Estrone b
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Progesterone regulates which phase of the reproductive cycle? Menses
Follicular Ovulation Luteal d
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Which of the following is true?
Progesterone prevents the shedding of the myometrium during the luteal phase Progesterone prevents the shedding of the endometrium during the luteal phase Progesterone prevents the shedding of the myometrium during the follicular phase Progesterone prevents the shedding of the endometrium during the follicular phase b
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Which of the following is true?
Progesterone provides negative feedback at high concentrations Progesterone provides positive feedback at low concentrations Estrogen provides negative feedback at high concentrations Estrogen provides positive feedback at high concentrations d
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Which of the following is true?
Moderate progesterone release causes negative feedback to GnRH synthesis in the pituitary High progesterone release causes positive feedback to LH synthesis in the hypothalamus Moderate progesterone release causes positive feedback to FSH synthesis in the pituitary High progesterone release causes positive feedback to GnRH synthesis in the hypothalamus d
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Which of the following is true? Estrogen is only transported by SHBG
Progesterone is transported by SHBG Estrogens are 70% bound to SHBG Only SHBG-bound proteins are available for action c
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Which of the following describes estrogen’s mechanism of action?
ERα is located in many different tissues ERβ are only found in the female reproductive tract Estrogen receptors are membrane receptors Estrogen will only activate estrogen receptors a
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Which of the following is true of steroid hormones?
They are very specific to certain receptors They generally act very quickly They affect synthesis of their own receptors They bind to DNA at the hormone response element c
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Which of the following is not true of estrogens?
Decrease HDL and increase LDL Antagonize bone resorption Increase libido Increase hepatic protein synthesis a
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Which of the following is not a type of cancer that is promoted by estrogen?
Breast Uterine Prostate Endometrial c
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Which of the following is true of estrogen’s effect on bone?
It affects epiphyseal closure in both sexes Its effects are paralleled by testosterone in males It increases activity of osteoclasts to stimulate remodeling Its main effect is to increase activity of osteoblasts a
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Which of the following is not an action of progesterone?
Maintains pregnancy Alveolobular development Stimulatory effects on the brain Stimulates lipoprotein lipase c
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Where are estrogens typically degraded? Liver Kidney Stomach Pancreas
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DES and clorotrianisene are classified as what? Native progesterones
Synthetic nonsteroidal progesterones Native estrogens Synthetic nonsteroidal estrogens d
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Which of the following are not used to avoid first-pass effect?
Diethylstilbesterol Mestranol Equilin Clorotrianisene c
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Which of the following is not considered to be a SERM? Tamoxifen
Torimifene Clomiphene Raloxifene c
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Which of the following indications and treatments is properly matched?
Menopause: estrogens Osteoporosis in menopause: progesterone Contragestation: progesterone Oral contraceptive: estrogens a
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Which of the following induces ovulation in anovulatory women?
Estrogens Antiestrogens Progesterones Antiprogestins b
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Which of the following is used to treat cancers in men? Progestins
Anti progestins Aromatase inhibitors Estrogens d
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Which of the following clinical problems associated with estrogens is related to the induction of protein synthesis in the liver? Increased CHD risk Menstrual disorders Decreased lactation Stroke GI disturbances d
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Prevents LH and FSH through feedback inhibition
Which of the following is not true of combination estrogen/progestin birth control? Prevents LH and FSH through feedback inhibition Norethindrone, norgestrel or levonorgestrel is typically the progestin component Ethynyl estradiol or mestranol is typically the estrogen component The progesterone component is responsible for breast enlargement and increased excitability d
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How does the single component progestin pill (minipill) work?
Blocks ovulation in 90% of cycles Alters endometrium to impair implantation Impairs sperm transport by decreasing available ATP Decreases motility of ovules in the ovary b
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Which of the following induces an abortion? Mifepristone
Large dose diethylstilbesterol Large dose estrogens Two doses of levonorgestrel a
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Which of the following birth control options is most effective?
Minipill Progestin injection Diaphragm Vaginal ring Condom b
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